ObesityNCT02148068
Changes in Body Composition Following Bariatric Surgery
An observational study of Obesity, run by Peter Nau at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Obesity is an important public health issue worldwide. In the United States, the percentage of overweight and obese adults increased from 47 and 15%, respectively, to 69 and 36% in the last 40 years. Medically supervised attempts at weight loss are fraught with failures and recidivism. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Obesity
- What is being tested?
- Bariatric Surgery
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- How many people
- 136 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- May 2014to Oct 2018
- How long will I take part?
- 1 Year
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The population consists of individuals who meet the NIH consensus statement for the surgical treatment of obesity. These individuals will have a BMI greater than 35 kg/m2 and a medical comorbidity or 40 kg/m2. These subjects will have voluntarily initiated a consultation for bariatric surgery and completed the pre-bariatric surgery weight management program. After failing this program, the patients will undergo surgical consultation for bariatric surgery. It is only after this consultation that the subjects will be approached for enrollement in the study.
Who may be able to join
- Individuals will have a BMI greater than 35 kg/m2 and a medical comorbidity or 40 kg/m2
- Individuals must have voluntarily initiated a surgical consultation for weight loss surgery
- Individuals must have completed a medical supervised weight loss program
Who cannot join
- Failure to adequately complete the pre-screening and educational program necessary to proceed with bariatric surgery
- Those who are or become pregnant
- Individuals with severe claustrophobia.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
About this study
Official title: Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass Versus Sleeve Gastrectomy - Analysis of the Disparate Effects on Body Composition and Associated Comorbidity Resolution
Obesity is an important public health issue worldwide. In the United States, the percentage of overweight and obese adults increased from 47 and 15%, respectively, to 69 and 36% in the last 40 years. Medically supervised attempts at weight loss are fraught with failures and recidivism. Surgical approaches to this important issue are both durable and effective. The gold standard approach to the surgical treatment of obesity and the attendant medical comorbidities is the laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) and the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The mechanisms by which these two operations work and the associated side effects are not completely understood. It is established that the RYGB induces changes in both the fatty tissue mass (FTM) and lean body mass (LBM) post-operatively. This is associated with decreases in bone mineral density, basal metabolic rate, and potentially the ability to maintain weight loss. There is only incomplete information on the influence that the LSG has on body composition. This study proposes an evaluation of the changes in body composition that occurs following these two disparate operations. Using serial measurements by the BodPod and collecting information on the patients' dietary intake, exercise habits and comorbidity resolution, this study will help to better define the influence that the LSG has on body composition. It is hypothesized that the addition of a malabsorptive component will result in increased speed weight loss and overall weight loss which will have a negative impact in the preservation of lean tissue mass for the patient. This information can then be used by bariatric surgeons to better cater the surgical procedure and post-operative plan to the patient's body make up and medical comorbidities.
Read the detailed description
Procedures
- All patients will undergo a bariatric surgery. The decision to undergo weight loss surgery and the operation chosen will both occur independent of and prior to enrollment in the study. The University of Iowa is a Bariatric Center of Excellence with three active, board-certified bariatric surgeons.
- Serial BodPod examinations will be performed on each patient. The BodPod is a commercially available device produced by Cosmed. It uses whole-body densitometry to determine body composition. To do this, it takes small changes in the volume of air in the BodPod chamber and records the associated changes in pressure. The pressure change typically goes unnoticed and is equivalent to the change in pressure while moving from the first floor to the second floor in an elevator. The entire process takes approximately five minutes with two minutes spent within the machine. The computer will then use mathematical formulas to calculate various body composition values.
- Laboratory analysis - There is a battery of labs that are ordered in both the pre-operative and post-operative time frame. These labs are ordered independent of the patient's participation in the study. These labs are ordered to assist in the management of the patient's medical comorbidities and to assess for adequate nutritional intake. These labs will also be recorded in the research database to assist in quantifying the degree of resolution of medical comorbidities.
- Queries on nutritional intake and exercise will be made at each post-operative appointment. The intake of protein is an important variable and may influence maintenance of lean tissue mass. Exercise is an important component of the post-bariatric weight loss program. This also will influence the changes in lean tissue mass.
- Conditions
- Obesity
- Being tested
- Bariatric Surgery
- Keywords
- Obesity, Bariatric Surgery, Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass, Sleeve Gastrectomy
- Medical subject headings
- Obesity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Bariatric SurgeryProcedure or surgery
Patients enrolled will undergo either a laparoscopic Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass or laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. The determination of which operation performed will be made independent of patients' enrollment in the study.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Bariatric Surgery - Gastric Bypass | This population will undergo a laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass Receives: Procedure: Bariatric Surgery | |
| Bariatric Surgery - Sleeve Gastrectomy | This group will undergo a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Receives: Procedure: Bariatric Surgery |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Body Composition
Using the BodPod machine produced by Cosmed, changes in lean tissue mass and fatty tissue mass following either the laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass or the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy will be assessed.
Measured: Pre-op, 6 months and 12 months post-op
Secondary outcomes (3)
Comorbidity resolution
Assess for correlations between the changes in body composition and the resolution of medical comorbidities when comparing the LSG and RYGB. This will be done using changes in medication regimen and changes in physical findings and laboratory values such as blood pressure and HbA1c.
Measured: pre-op, 6 months post-op, 12 months post-op
Protein intake and lean tissue mass
Assess for correlation between the preservation of lean tissue mass and daily protein intake and whether the type of operation (roux-en-y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy) plays a role.
Measured: Pre-op, 6 months post-op, 12 months post-op
Exercise and lean tissue mass preservation
Test for a correlation between the changes in body composition and the amount of physical activity the patient takes part in and whether this is influenced by the type of procedure the patient had (roux-en-y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy).
Measured: Pre-op, 6 months post-op, 12 months post-op
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 May 2014 (estimated)
- Study startMay 2014
- Primary completionOct 2018
- Study completionOct 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (15)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ObesityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 136 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 1 Year
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Peter Nau
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Peter Nau, University of Iowa
- Investigators
- Peter N Nau, MD, MS, Principal investigator, University of Iowa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02148068
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 201310819
- Status last verified
- Nov 2018
- First submitted
- 22 May 2014
- Last updated
- 20 Nov 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Hu FB. Resolved: there is sufficient scientific evidence that decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Obes Rev. 2013 Aug;14(8):606-19. doi: 10.1111/obr.12040. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
PubMed 23763695Popkin BM, Adair LS, Ng SW. Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutr Rev. 2012 Jan;70(1):3-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x.
PubMed 22221213Kautiainen S, Rimpela A, Vikat A, Virtanen SM. Secular trends in overweight and obesity among Finnish adolescents in 1977-1999. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002 Apr;26(4):544-52. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801928.
PubMed 12075582Heude B, Lafay L, Borys JM, Thibult N, Lommez A, Romon M, Ducimetiere P, Charles MA. Time trend in height, weight, and obesity prevalence in school children from Northern France, 1992-2000. Diabetes Metab. 2003 Jun;29(3):235-40. doi: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70032-0.
PubMed 12909811Jackson-Leach R, Lobstein T. Estimated burden of paediatric obesity and co-morbidities in Europe. Part 1. The increase in the prevalence of child obesity in Europe is itself increasing. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2006;1(1):26-32. doi: 10.1080/17477160600586614.
PubMed 17902212Schauer PR, Kashyap SR, Wolski K, Brethauer SA, Kirwan JP, Pothier CE, Thomas S, Abood B, Nissen SE, Bhatt DL. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy in obese patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 26;366(17):1567-76. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1200225. Epub 2012 Mar 26.
PubMed 22449319Sjostrom L, Lindroos AK, Peltonen M, Torgerson J, Bouchard C, Carlsson B, Dahlgren S, Larsson B, Narbro K, Sjostrom CD, Sullivan M, Wedel H; Swedish Obese Subjects Study Scientific Group. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004 Dec 23;351(26):2683-93. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa035622.
PubMed 15616203Himpens J, Cadiere GB, Bazi M, Vouche M, Cadiere B, Dapri G. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Arch Surg. 2011 Jul;146(7):802-7. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.2011.45. Epub 2011 Mar 21.
PubMed 21422330Jackson TD, Hutter MM. Morbidity and effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, adjustable gastric band, and gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Adv Surg. 2012;46:255-68. doi: 10.1016/j.yasu.2012.05.002.
PubMed 22873044Moize V, Andreu A, Rodriguez L, Flores L, Ibarzabal A, Lacy A, Jimenez A, Vidal J. Protein intake and lean tissue mass retention following bariatric surgery. Clin Nutr. 2013 Aug;32(4):550-5. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.11.007. Epub 2012 Nov 14.
PubMed 23200926Chaston TB, Dixon JB, O'Brien PE. Changes in fat-free mass during significant weight loss: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007 May;31(5):743-50. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803483. Epub 2006 Oct 31.
PubMed 17075583Tsai S. Importance of lean body mass in the oncologic patient. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012 Oct;27(5):593-8. doi: 10.1177/0884533612457949. Epub 2012 Aug 16.
PubMed 22898746Guillet C, Masgrau A, Walrand S, Boirie Y. Impaired protein metabolism: interlinks between obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation. Obes Rev. 2012 Dec;13 Suppl 2:51-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01037.x.
PubMed 23107259de Aquino LA, Pereira SE, de Souza Silva J, Sobrinho CJ, Ramalho A. Bariatric surgery: impact on body composition after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2012 Feb;22(2):195-200. doi: 10.1007/s11695-011-0500-4.
PubMed 21881836Carey DG, Pliego GJ, Raymond RL, Skau KB. Body composition and metabolic changes following bariatric surgery: effects on fat mass, lean mass and basal metabolic rate. Obes Surg. 2006 Apr;16(4):469-77. doi: 10.1381/096089206776327378.
PubMed 16608613
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Nov 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass Versus Sleeve Gastrectomy - Analysis of the Disparate Effects on Body Composition and Associated Comorbidity Resolution
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02148068
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 201310819
- Conditions
- Obesity
- Keywords
- Obesity, Bariatric Surgery, Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass, Sleeve Gastrectomy
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 136 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Peter NauUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- May 2014
- Primary completion
- Oct 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- Oct 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 May 2014 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Obesity is an important public health issue worldwide. In the United States, the percentage of overweight and obese adults increased from 47 and 15%, respectively, to 69 and 36% in the last 40 years. Medically supervised attempts at weight loss are fraught with failures and recidivism. Surgical approaches to this important issue are both durable and effective. The gold standard approach to the surgical treatment of obesity and the attendant medical comorbidities is the laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) and the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The mechanisms by which these two operations work and the associated side effects are not completely understood. It is established that the RYGB induces changes in both the fatty tissue mass (FTM) and lean body mass (LBM) post-operatively. This is associated with decreases in bone mineral density, basal metabolic rate, and potentially the ability to maintain weight loss. There is only incomplete information on the influence that the LSG has on body composition. This study proposes an evaluation of the changes in body composition that occurs following these two disparate operations. Using serial measurements by the BodPod and collecting information on the patients' dietary intake, exercise habits and comorbidity resolution, this study will help to better define the influence that the LSG has on body composition. It is hypothesized that the addition of a malabsorptive component will result in increased speed weight loss and overall weight loss which will have a negative impact in the preservation of lean tissue mass for the patient. This information can then be used by bariatric surgeons to better cater the surgical procedure and post-operative plan to the patient's body make up and medical comorbidities.
Detailed description
Procedures
- All patients will undergo a bariatric surgery. The decision to undergo weight loss surgery and the operation chosen will both occur independent of and prior to enrollment in the study. The University of Iowa is a Bariatric Center of Excellence with three active, board-certified bariatric surgeons.
- Serial BodPod examinations will be performed on each patient. The BodPod is a commercially available device produced by Cosmed. It uses whole-body densitometry to determine body composition. To do this, it takes small changes in the volume of air in the BodPod chamber and records the associated changes in pressure. The pressure change typically goes unnoticed and is equivalent to the change in pressure while moving from the first floor to the second floor in an elevator. The entire process takes approximately five minutes with two minutes spent within the machine. The computer will then use mathematical formulas to calculate various body composition values.
- Laboratory analysis - There is a battery of labs that are ordered in both the pre-operative and post-operative time frame. These labs are ordered independent of the patient's participation in the study. These labs are ordered to assist in the management of the patient's medical comorbidities and to assess for adequate nutritional intake. These labs will also be recorded in the research database to assist in quantifying the degree of resolution of medical comorbidities.
- Queries on nutritional intake and exercise will be made at each post-operative appointment. The intake of protein is an important variable and may influence maintenance of lean tissue mass. Exercise is an important component of the post-bariatric weight loss program. This also will influence the changes in lean tissue mass.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 1 Year
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Bariatric Surgery - Gastric Bypass | – | Procedure: Bariatric SurgeryThis population will undergo a laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass |
| Bariatric Surgery - Sleeve Gastrectomy | – | Procedure: Bariatric SurgeryThis group will undergo a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The population consists of individuals who meet the NIH consensus statement for the surgical treatment of obesity. These individuals will have a BMI greater than 35 kg/m2 and a medical comorbidity or 40 kg/m2. These subjects will have voluntarily initiated a consultation for bariatric surgery and completed the pre-bariatric surgery weight management program. After failing this program, the patients will undergo surgical consultation for bariatric surgery. It is only after this consultation that the subjects will be approached for enrollement in the study.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Individuals will have a BMI greater than 35 kg/m2 and a medical comorbidity or 40 kg/m2
- Individuals must have voluntarily initiated a surgical consultation for weight loss surgery
- Individuals must have completed a medical supervised weight loss program
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Failure to adequately complete the pre-screening and educational program necessary to proceed with bariatric surgery
- Those who are or become pregnant
- Individuals with severe claustrophobia.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Bariatric SurgeryPatients enrolled will undergo either a laparoscopic Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass or laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. The determination of which operation performed will be made independent of patients' enrollment in the study. | Procedure or surgery | Bariatric Surgery - Gastric Bypass, Bariatric Surgery - Sleeve Gastrectomy |
Primary outcome
Body Composition
Time frame: Pre-op, 6 months and 12 months post-op
Using the BodPod machine produced by Cosmed, changes in lean tissue mass and fatty tissue mass following either the laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass or the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy will be assessed.
3 secondary outcomes
Comorbidity resolution
Time frame: pre-op, 6 months post-op, 12 months post-op
Protein intake and lean tissue mass
Time frame: Pre-op, 6 months post-op, 12 months post-op
Exercise and lean tissue mass preservation
Time frame: Pre-op, 6 months post-op, 12 months post-op
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Nov 2018.
- Background: PubMed 23763695Hu FB. Resolved: there is sufficient scientific evidence that decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Obes Rev. 2013 Aug;14(8):606-19. doi: 10.1111/obr.12040. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
- Background: PubMed 22221213Popkin BM, Adair LS, Ng SW. Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutr Rev. 2012 Jan;70(1):3-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x.
- Background: PubMed 12075582Kautiainen S, Rimpela A, Vikat A, Virtanen SM. Secular trends in overweight and obesity among Finnish adolescents in 1977-1999. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002 Apr;26(4):544-52. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801928.
- Background: PubMed 12909811Heude B, Lafay L, Borys JM, Thibult N, Lommez A, Romon M, Ducimetiere P, Charles MA. Time trend in height, weight, and obesity prevalence in school children from Northern France, 1992-2000. Diabetes Metab. 2003 Jun;29(3):235-40. doi: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70032-0.
- Background: PubMed 17902212Jackson-Leach R, Lobstein T. Estimated burden of paediatric obesity and co-morbidities in Europe. Part 1. The increase in the prevalence of child obesity in Europe is itself increasing. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2006;1(1):26-32. doi: 10.1080/17477160600586614.
- Background: PubMed 22449319Schauer PR, Kashyap SR, Wolski K, Brethauer SA, Kirwan JP, Pothier CE, Thomas S, Abood B, Nissen SE, Bhatt DL. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy in obese patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 26;366(17):1567-76. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1200225. Epub 2012 Mar 26.
- Background: PubMed 15616203Sjostrom L, Lindroos AK, Peltonen M, Torgerson J, Bouchard C, Carlsson B, Dahlgren S, Larsson B, Narbro K, Sjostrom CD, Sullivan M, Wedel H; Swedish Obese Subjects Study Scientific Group. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004 Dec 23;351(26):2683-93. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa035622.
- Background: PubMed 21422330Himpens J, Cadiere GB, Bazi M, Vouche M, Cadiere B, Dapri G. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Arch Surg. 2011 Jul;146(7):802-7. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.2011.45. Epub 2011 Mar 21.
- Background: PubMed 22873044Jackson TD, Hutter MM. Morbidity and effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, adjustable gastric band, and gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Adv Surg. 2012;46:255-68. doi: 10.1016/j.yasu.2012.05.002.
- Background: PubMed 23200926Moize V, Andreu A, Rodriguez L, Flores L, Ibarzabal A, Lacy A, Jimenez A, Vidal J. Protein intake and lean tissue mass retention following bariatric surgery. Clin Nutr. 2013 Aug;32(4):550-5. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.11.007. Epub 2012 Nov 14.
- Background: PubMed 17075583Chaston TB, Dixon JB, O'Brien PE. Changes in fat-free mass during significant weight loss: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007 May;31(5):743-50. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803483. Epub 2006 Oct 31.
- Background: PubMed 22898746Tsai S. Importance of lean body mass in the oncologic patient. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012 Oct;27(5):593-8. doi: 10.1177/0884533612457949. Epub 2012 Aug 16.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Peter N Nau, MD, MS principal investigator
University of Iowa
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Obesity, run by Peter Nau at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Nov 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Body Composition (time frame: Pre-op, 6 months and 12 months post-op). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02148068, which also lists 15 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Nov 2018.