ObesityANTIBIOTICSNCT02241421
The Importance of the Gut Microbiota in Body Weight Control and Insulin Sensitivity
A study testing Amoxicillin and Vancomycin in people with Obesity and Insulin Resistance, run by Maastricht University Medical Center at 1 site in Netherlands.
Trial summary
BACKGROUND: The relation between gut microbiota and obesity originates from animal studies, showing that the change of gut microbiota can induce changes in both insulin resistance and body composition. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 35 to 70 years, men only
- Conditions the study is for
- Obesity, Insulin Resistance
- What is being tested?
- Amoxicillin and Vancomycin
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 57 participants
- Where
- 1 siteNetherlands
- Study dates
- Apr 2012to Nov 2014
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 35 to 70 years
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- male
- 35-70 years
- caucasian
- overweight/obese (BMI 25-35 kg/m2)
- insulin resistant (Homeostasis Model of Assessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA_IR) > 2.2)
- impaired glucose tolerance (IGT: 2h plasma glucose during 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test(OGTT) 7.8-11.1 mmol/l) and/or impaired fasting glucose (plasma glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/l)
- body weight stable for at least three months (±3 kg)
Who cannot join
- known allergic reaction to vancomycin, teicoplanin, amoxicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cefalosporins) or related antibiotics
- diabetes mellitus
- hearing disorders
- cardiovascular disease
- kidney disease
- gastrointestinal disease
Show all 13Show fewer
- cancer
- asthma or bronchitis
- liver malfunction
- major illness with a life expectancy < 5 years
- diseases affecting glucose tolerance (e.g. pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly), - - use of antibiotics in the past 3 months
- plans to lose weight and participation in organized sports activities for >3 hours per week
- The use of β-blockers, lipid lowering-drugs, glucose-lowering agents (including all sulfonylureas, biguanides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, repaglinide, nateglinide and insulin), anti-oxidants or chronic corticosteroids treatment (> 7 consecutive days of treatment)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of the Knock Down of Gut Microbiota by Antibiotics on Parameters of Body Weight Control and Insulin Sensitivity
BACKGROUND: The relation between gut microbiota and obesity originates from animal studies, showing that the change of gut microbiota can induce changes in both insulin resistance and body composition. In addition, these studies have shown changes in gut permeability inducing a pro-inflammatory state, changes in adipose tissue function and inflammation, effects on energy harvesting and metabolism, skeletal muscle fatty acid partitioning and fat oxidation. Human data is lacking, although several studies suggested that the composition of the gut microbiota differs between lean and obese, and between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.
OBJECTIVE: To provide insight in the physiological significance and underlying mechanisms involved in the relation between gut microbiota, energy balance and insulin sensitivity in overweight men with impaired glucose homeostasis.
Read the detailed description
The view on the putative significance of gut microbiota in metabolism emerged from animal studies. Bäcked et al. showed that germ free mice had 40% less body fat compared to conventionally raised mice. Transplantation of a cecum-derived microbial community of conventional mice into germ free mice, resulted in a significant increase of body weight and insulin resistance within 2 weeks. Application of metagenomic techniques in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice showed a different proportion of bacteria belonging when compared to lean, wild-type or heterozygous mice, with a greater representation of Firmicutes and fewer Bacteroidetes. This obese gut microbiome showed an enrichment in genes involved in energy extraction from food, less energy left over in the faeces and higher contents of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate, acetate and butyrate in the cecum.
Furthermore, microbiota composition may alter gut permeability, and may play a role in the development of metabolic endotoxemia (inflammation) and related impairments in glucose metabolism. In addition, the gut microbiota may determine AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels in muscle and liver, thereby affecting fatty acid oxidation (substrate metabolism) and fat storage. However, underlying mechanisms are not completely understood.
Therefore, researchers within the Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN) have designed a multidisciplinary project ('Microbiota, energy balance and metabolism'), to fill the unmet gap between gut microbiota and human energy metabolism. The current protocol is designed to clarify the role of the gut microbiota in host energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity, with the main focus on underlying mechanisms.
- Conditions
- Obesity, Insulin Resistance
- Being tested
- Amoxicillin, Vancomycin, Placebo
- Keywords
- Impaired glucose tolerance, Glucose Metabolism Disorders, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine System Diseases, Hyperinsulinism, Lipid metabolism, Anti Bacterial Agents, Gastro Intestinal Tract
- Medical subject headings
- Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Glucose Intolerance, Glucose Metabolism Disorders, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine System Diseases, Hyperinsulinism
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
AmoxicillinDrug
VancomycinDrug
Also called Vancocin CP 250
PlaceboOther
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | No intervention: Placebo 3x2 capsules per day during 7 consecutive days. Receives: Other: Placebo |
| Treatment Antibiotics: Amoxicillin | Experimental | Experimental: Amoxicillin (broad spectrum antibiotics) 1500 mg/day (3x2 capsules of 250 mg) during 7 consecutive days. Receives: Drug: Amoxicillin |
| Treatment Antibiotics: Vancomycin | Experimental | Experimental: Vancomycin (small spectrum antibiotics) 1500mg/day (3x2 capsules of 250 mg) during 7 consecutive days Receives: Drug: Vancomycin |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Insulin sensitivity
Before and after the intervention, insulin sensitivity will be measured by using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique including a glucose tracer to accurately quantify glucose fluxes at the whole body level. Glucose and Insulin levels will be determined.
Measured: up to two weeks
Secondary outcomes (5)
Fatty Acid Handling in the muscle
Because skeletal muscle is responsible for almost 80% of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and comprises up to 40% of total body mass, it can be considered to be a major tissue in the etiology of insulin resistance. Therefore, it is important to study the role of skeletal muscle substrate metabolism (fatty acid handling)in the context of this study. Fatty acids, glycerol, triacylglycerol and labelled palmitate in the chylomicron fraction will be measured.
Measured: up to two weeks
Markers of inflammation
Low-grade inflammation seems to contribute to insulin resistance in obese insulin resistant subjects. Therefore, muscle and adipose tissue expression/secretion of inflammatory molecules (i.e. TNFα, IL-6) will be measured.
Measured: up to two weeks
Energy expenditure
Indirect calorimetry measurements will be done to determine energy expenditure (O2 and CO2). While the gut microbiota plays an important role in nutrient metabolism and energy extraction from the diet, the determination of energy expenditure and energy content in faeces will provide important insight into the role of the gut microbiota in body weight regulation.
Measured: up to two weeks
Microbiota composition and energy content in faecal samples
The composition of bacteria in the gut will be determined before and after intervention to link the composition to the primary and other secondary parameters. The energy content in the faeces will provide insight in the energy extraction capacity of the bacteria present.
Measured: up to two weeks
Gut wall permeability
A proposed hypothesis is that gut permeability plays an important role in the induction of inflammation in obese insulin resistant subjects. A multi-sugar whole gut permeability assay will be performed.
Measured: up to two weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Sep 2014 (estimated)
- Study startApr 2012
- Primary completionOct 2014
- Study completionNov 2014
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ObesityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Maastricht University Medical CenterThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 57 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Maastricht University Medical Center
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Ellen E Blaak, Prof.Dr., Principal investigator, Maastricht University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02241421
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 11-3-072
- Acronym
- ANTIBIOTICS
- Status last verified
- Sep 2020
- First submitted
- 22 Oct 2012
- Last updated
- 10 Sep 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Reijnders D, Goossens GH, Hermes GDA, Smidt H, Zoetendal EG, Blaak EE. Short-Term Microbiota Manipulation and Forearm Substrate Metabolism in Obese Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Obes Facts. 2018;11(4):318-326. doi: 10.1159/000492114. Epub 2018 Aug 9.
PubMed 30089301Jocken JWE, Reijnders D, Canfora EE, Boekschoten MV, Plat J, Goossens GH, Blaak EE. Effects of gut microbiota manipulation on ex vivo lipolysis in human abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes. Adipocyte. 2018;7(2):106-112. doi: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1464366. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
PubMed 29693476
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Sep 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of the Knock Down of Gut Microbiota by Antibiotics on Parameters of Body Weight Control and Insulin Sensitivity
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02241421
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ANTIBIOTICS / 11-3-072
- Conditions
- Obesity, Insulin Resistance
- Keywords
- Impaired glucose tolerance, Glucose Metabolism Disorders, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine System Diseases, Hyperinsulinism, Lipid metabolism, Anti Bacterial Agents, Gastro Intestinal Tract
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 57 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Maastricht University Medical CenterUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition
- Study start
- Apr 2012
- Primary completion
- Oct 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Nov 2014 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 Sep 2014 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
BACKGROUND: The relation between gut microbiota and obesity originates from animal studies, showing that the change of gut microbiota can induce changes in both insulin resistance and body composition. In addition, these studies have shown changes in gut permeability inducing a pro-inflammatory state, changes in adipose tissue function and inflammation, effects on energy harvesting and metabolism, skeletal muscle fatty acid partitioning and fat oxidation. Human data is lacking, although several studies suggested that the composition of the gut microbiota differs between lean and obese, and between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.
OBJECTIVE: To provide insight in the physiological significance and underlying mechanisms involved in the relation between gut microbiota, energy balance and insulin sensitivity in overweight men with impaired glucose homeostasis.
Detailed description
The view on the putative significance of gut microbiota in metabolism emerged from animal studies. Bäcked et al. showed that germ free mice had 40% less body fat compared to conventionally raised mice. Transplantation of a cecum-derived microbial community of conventional mice into germ free mice, resulted in a significant increase of body weight and insulin resistance within 2 weeks. Application of metagenomic techniques in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice showed a different proportion of bacteria belonging when compared to lean, wild-type or heterozygous mice, with a greater representation of Firmicutes and fewer Bacteroidetes. This obese gut microbiome showed an enrichment in genes involved in energy extraction from food, less energy left over in the faeces and higher contents of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate, acetate and butyrate in the cecum.
Furthermore, microbiota composition may alter gut permeability, and may play a role in the development of metabolic endotoxemia (inflammation) and related impairments in glucose metabolism. In addition, the gut microbiota may determine AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels in muscle and liver, thereby affecting fatty acid oxidation (substrate metabolism) and fat storage. However, underlying mechanisms are not completely understood.
Therefore, researchers within the Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN) have designed a multidisciplinary project ('Microbiota, energy balance and metabolism'), to fill the unmet gap between gut microbiota and human energy metabolism. The current protocol is designed to clarify the role of the gut microbiota in host energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity, with the main focus on underlying mechanisms.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Other: PlaceboNo intervention: Placebo 3x2 capsules per day during 7 consecutive days. |
| Treatment Antibiotics: Amoxicillin | Experimental | Drug: AmoxicillinExperimental: Amoxicillin (broad spectrum antibiotics) 1500 mg/day (3x2 capsules of 250 mg) during 7 consecutive days. |
| Treatment Antibiotics: Vancomycin | Experimental | Drug: VancomycinExperimental: Vancomycin (small spectrum antibiotics) 1500mg/day (3x2 capsules of 250 mg) during 7 consecutive days |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 35 to 70 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- male
- 35-70 years
- caucasian
- overweight/obese (BMI 25-35 kg/m2)
- insulin resistant (Homeostasis Model of Assessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA_IR) > 2.2)
Key exclusion criteria (13 listed)
- known allergic reaction to vancomycin, teicoplanin, amoxicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cefalosporins) or related antibiotics
- diabetes mellitus
- hearing disorders
- cardiovascular disease
- kidney disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Amoxicillin | Drug | Treatment Antibiotics: Amoxicillin |
| VancomycinAlso: Vancocin CP 250 | Drug | Treatment Antibiotics: Vancomycin |
| Placebo | Other | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Insulin sensitivity
Time frame: up to two weeks
Before and after the intervention, insulin sensitivity will be measured by using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique including a glucose tracer to accurately quantify glucose fluxes at the whole body level. Glucose and Insulin levels will be determined.
5 secondary outcomes
Fatty Acid Handling in the muscle
Time frame: up to two weeks
Markers of inflammation
Time frame: up to two weeks
Energy expenditure
Time frame: up to two weeks
Microbiota composition and energy content in faecal samples
Time frame: up to two weeks
Gut wall permeability
Time frame: up to two weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Sep 2020.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 30089301Reijnders D, Goossens GH, Hermes GDA, Smidt H, Zoetendal EG, Blaak EE. Short-Term Microbiota Manipulation and Forearm Substrate Metabolism in Obese Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Obes Facts. 2018;11(4):318-326. doi: 10.1159/000492114. Epub 2018 Aug 9.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 29693476Jocken JWE, Reijnders D, Canfora EE, Boekschoten MV, Plat J, Goossens GH, Blaak EE. Effects of gut microbiota manipulation on ex vivo lipolysis in human abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes. Adipocyte. 2018;7(2):106-112. doi: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1464366. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ellen E Blaak, Prof.Dr. principal investigator
Maastricht University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Amoxicillin and Vancomycin in people with Obesity and Insulin Resistance, run by Maastricht University Medical Center at 1 site in Netherlands.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 13 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Sep 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Netherlands. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Insulin sensitivity (time frame: up to two weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02241421, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Sep 2020.