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LymphomaMILYNCT02389101

Molecular and Whole-body MR Imaging in Lymphomas

A study testing 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT; Diffusion weighted MRI in people with Lymphoma and Hodgkin Disease, run by Turku University Hospital at 1 site in Finland.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Lymphomas are classified as Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, of which especially the latter represent a heterogeneous group with varying patterns of prognosis, biological behaviour and response to treatment. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 75 years
Conditions the study is for
Lymphoma, Hodgkin Disease, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
What is being tested?
68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT; Diffusion weighted MRI
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
21 participants
Where
1 siteFinland
Study dates
Oct 2014to Sep 2016
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 75 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Age: 18-75 years old
  • Language spoken: Finnish or Swedish
  • Patients with diagnosed untreated non-Hodgkin's or Hodgkin's lymphoma with measurable disease (the diagnosis is based on radiological, histological and clinical grounds)
  • Before treatment CT and FDG-PET performed
  • Mental status: Patients must be able to understand the meaning of the study
  • The patient signs the appropriate Ethical Committee (EC) approved informed consent documents in the presence of the designated staff

Who cannot join

  • Any medical or psychiatric condition that compromises the subject's ability to participate in the study
  • Any other significant disease including liver or renal disease
  • Pregnant or lactating women
  • Contraindications for MR imaging

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Finland1 site
  • Turku University Hospital

    Turku, 20521

Other trials in Finland

About this study

Lymphomas are classified as Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, of which especially the latter represent a heterogeneous group with varying patterns of prognosis, biological behaviour and response to treatment. 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful for staging and response monitoring but has the disadvantage of associated radiation exposure which may not be desirable for young patients. Advanced MRI techniques including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) are increasingly used for improved lesion detection and characterisation of lymphomas and in the whole-body mode offer a promising radiation-free alternative to CT. Molecular imaging in turn is important in theranostics medicine where detection of therapeutic target is essential. The concept of theranostics has been successfully adapted to management of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) where peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT) is offered to patients progressing on treatment with long-acting somatostatin analogues.

Recently in the investigator's hospital a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was initially misdiagnosed as NET because of high uptake of 68Ga-DOTANOC in pancreatic tumor at PET/CT. A PubMed search revealed a similar case report in bronchial tumor which turned out to be DLBCL (Jain et al. Clin Nucl Med 2014;39:358-359). Bearing these two cases in mind the investigators now aim to systematically study somatostatin receptor status (ssr) by measuring uptake of 68Ga-DOTANOC with PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The imaging findings will be compared to immunohistochemically determined ssr-subtypes 2,3 and 5 obtained from pre-treatment fresh tumor samples and 18F-FDG PET/CT which is part of standard diagnostic evaluation. Furthermore, whole-body MRI with DWI will be performed before, during and after chemotherapy to define the most sensitive and specific imaging method appropriate for routine diagnosis and follow-up. This study has potential implications for future response monitoring and follow-up imaging techniques in patients with malignant lymphoma and provides additional biologic characterization which may be useful for novel therapeutic approaches such as PRRT.

Read the detailed description

Lymphomas are malignant tumours of the immune system. Lymphomas are classified as Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with several subtypes. In Finland the amount of newly diagnosed Hodgkin's lymphomas is 120-150 new cases per year and it accounts for 12 % of all lymphomas. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the sixth most common cancer in men and the eight most common cancer in women in Finland. There are approximately 1200 new cases per year and the incidence has been increasing during the last decade. (1, 2)

Etiology of lymphomas is mostly unknown but many risk factors have been identified. Diagnostics and classification to different subgroups is based on clinical, pathological, molecular, and radiological studies. Some of lymphoma's subtypes can be cured with current treatment methods, however, many of them remain still incurable. (1) Clearly, more accurate diagnostic tools with subsequent targeted therapies against lymphomas are needed.

Somatostatin receptors (SSTs) are expressed by a wide variety of different tumour cell types, including malignant lymphomas. (8, 9, 10, 11) Somatostatin receptor imaging by octreotide scintigraphy has showed a sensitivity of 95-100 % in Hodgkin's lymphoma and 80 % in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy does not appear to have a significant role in diagnostic process because of the relatively low uptake of the used somatostatin analogue (octreotide) and limited sensitivity of the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) acquisition to detect and localise small involved nodes. (11, 25) Hence, somatostatin receptor imaging has been further developed with the advent of hybrid SPECT and positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) scanners. Several other radioligands have been studied to improve the binding affinity (15). This has also offered a new target for tumor cell-specific therapy using different somatostatin analogs labelled with therapeutic radionuclides such as 90Y-DOTATOC, a somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SST2) -specific ligand. Clinical studies of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) have extensively focused on neuroendocrine tumors as a palliative treatment modality (12, 13, 14). Another new candidate for SST based imaging and treatment is 68Ga-DOTANOC, a high-affinity ligand of somatostatin receptor subtypes 2, 3 and 5 (SST2, SST3, SST5) (16). Neuroendocrine tumors are known to express SST2 and they show high uptake of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs on PET. However, lymphomas may mimick NETs on DOTANOC PET/CT as was shown in a recent case report (17). Therefore, further studies on SST2 status and DOTANOC uptake are in order to establish the role of peptide based imaging in diagnosis and possible PRRT in lymphomas.

The aim of the study is to determine tumor uptake of 68Ga-DOTANOC in patients with non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma to characterize the SST2, SST3 and SST5 receptor status of the tumour in vivo with 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of SST2, SST3 and SST5 subtype status will be made of the tumor specimens obtained in routine diagnostic biopsy resection. Furthermore, PET findings will be correlated with advanced MRI techniques, such as diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in an attempt to find methods which limit radiation exposure especially in young patients. Hence, PET/CT will be performed with 68Ga-DOTANOC and 18F-FDG and compared with whole-body MRI (including DWI) to define the most sensitive and specific imaging method appropriate for routine diagnosis and follow-up of patients with lymphoma.

To the investigators knowledge, no prospective studies comparing octreodite analogue based PET/CT imaging with standard diagnostic procedures have been published until now. PET/CT offers a clear advantage over scintigraphy in terms of sensitivity and resolution which should be helpful in determining the SST status of various histologic forms of lymphomas The investigators hypothesize that a positive 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT scan correlates with the overexpression of all or some SST subtypes in lymphomas, which is possibly linked to a more indolent behavior of the disease. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT imaging provides a valid method to select patients with lymphoma for radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE. Third, differential diagnosis with NETs may also improve after receiving information on SST status in lymphomas. Thus findings in this study may be useful not only for biologic characterization but also for diagnosis and management of these heterogenous diseases originating in the lymphatic system

Being tested
68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT; Diffusion weighted MRI
Keywords
Lymphoma, 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT, Somatostatin receptor, MRI, Diffusion weighted imaging, Early treatment response
Medical subject headings
Lymphoma, Hodgkin Disease, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT; Diffusion weighted MRIOther

    PET/CT: Radionuclide imaging using short-lived isotope Ga-68; MRI imaging w/o gadolinium contrast

Study groups in NCT02389101
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
LymphomaExperimentalNewly diagnosed lymphoma, all subtypes allowed
Receives: Other: 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT; Diffusion weighted MRI

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. 68Ga-DOTANOC Uptake in Lymphomas With PET/CT

    Uptake of 68Ga-DOTANOC in lymphoma expressed as SUVmax

    Measured: Within 30 days prior to start of chemotherapy

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted17 Mar 2015 (estimated)
  2. Study startOct 2014
  3. Primary completionMar 2016
  4. Study completionSep 2016

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Diagnosis
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
21 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02389101
Sponsor's protocol ID
T164/2014
Acronym
MILY
Status last verified
Jun 2019
First submitted
22 Oct 2014
Last updated
5 Aug 2019
Data monitoring committee
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Ferlay J, Steliarova-Foucher E, Lortet-Tieulent J, Rosso S, Coebergh JW, Comber H, Forman D, Bray F. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur J Cancer. 2013 Apr;49(6):1374-403. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.12.027. Epub 2013 Feb 26.

    PubMed 23485231
  • Ferlay J, Autier P, Boniol M, Heanue M, Colombet M, Boyle P. Estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2006. Ann Oncol. 2007 Mar;18(3):581-92. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdl498. Epub 2007 Feb 7.

    PubMed 17287242
  • Gallamini A, Borra A. Role of PET in lymphoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2014 Jun;15(2):248-61. doi: 10.1007/s11864-014-0278-4.

    PubMed 24619427
  • Mayerhoefer ME, Karanikas G, Kletter K, Prosch H, Kiesewetter B, Skrabs C, Porpaczy E, Weber M, Pinker-Domenig K, Berzaczy D, Hoffmann M, Sillaber C, Jaeger U, Mullauer L, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Dolak W, Gaiger A, Ubl P, Lukas J, Raderer M. Evaluation of diffusion-weighted MRI for pretherapeutic assessment and staging of lymphoma: results of a prospective study in 140 patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Jun 1;20(11):2984-93. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-3355. Epub 2014 Apr 2.

    PubMed 24696320
  • Reubi JC, Waser B, van Hagen M, Lamberts SW, Krenning EP, Gebbers JO, Laissue JA. In vitro and in vivo detection of somatostatin receptors in human malignant lymphomas. Int J Cancer. 1992 Apr 1;50(6):895-900. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910500613.

    PubMed 1348240
  • Lugtenburg PJ, Krenning EP, Valkema R, Oei HY, Lamberts SW, Eijkemans MJ, van Putten WL, Lowenberg B. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy useful in stage I-II Hodgkin's disease: more extended disease identified. Br J Haematol. 2001 Mar;112(4):936-44. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02583.x.

    PubMed 11298588
  • Ferone D, Hofland LJ, Colao A, Lamberts SW, van Hagen PM. Neuroendocrine aspects of immunolymphoproliferative diseases. Ann Oncol. 2001;12 Suppl 2:S125-30. doi: 10.1093/annonc/12.suppl_2.s125.

    PubMed 11762338
  • Ferone D, Semino C, Boschetti M, Cascini GL, Minuto F, Lastoria S. Initial staging of lymphoma with octreotide and other receptor imaging agents. Semin Nucl Med. 2005 Jul;35(3):176-85. doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2005.03.001.

    PubMed 16098291
  • Kwekkeboom DJ, Mueller-Brand J, Paganelli G, Anthony LB, Pauwels S, Kvols LK, O'dorisio TM, Valkema R, Bodei L, Chinol M, Maecke HR, Krenning EP. Overview of results of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 3 radiolabeled somatostatin analogs. J Nucl Med. 2005 Jan;46 Suppl 1:62S-6S.

    PubMed 15653653
  • Reubi JC, Schar JC, Waser B, Wenger S, Heppeler A, Schmitt JS, Macke HR. Affinity profiles for human somatostatin receptor subtypes SST1-SST5 of somatostatin radiotracers selected for scintigraphic and radiotherapeutic use. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000 Mar;27(3):273-82. doi: 10.1007/s002590050034.

    PubMed 10774879
  • Wild D, Schmitt JS, Ginj M, Macke HR, Bernard BF, Krenning E, De Jong M, Wenger S, Reubi JC. DOTA-NOC, a high-affinity ligand of somatostatin receptor subtypes 2, 3 and 5 for labelling with various radiometals. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2003 Oct;30(10):1338-47. doi: 10.1007/s00259-003-1255-5. Epub 2003 Aug 21.

    PubMed 12937948
  • Jain S, Sharma P, Dhull VS, Bal C, Kumar R. Lymphoma as a second malignancy in a patient with neuroendocrine tumor: mimicking dedifferentiation on dual-tracer PET/CT with 68Ga-DOTANOC and 18F-FDG. Clin Nucl Med. 2014 Apr;39(4):358-9. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e31828e98c5.

    PubMed 24217543

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT; Diffusion weighted MRI in people with Lymphoma and Hodgkin Disease, run by Turku University Hospital at 1 site in Finland.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Aug 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Finland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 5 Aug 2019). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

68Ga-DOTANOC Uptake in Lymphomas With PET/CT (time frame: Within 30 days prior to start of chemotherapy). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02389101, which also lists 12 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Aug 2019.

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