Injuries, Spinal CordNCT02556125
Diaphragm Pacing After Spinal Cord Injury
An observational study of Injuries, Spinal Cord, run by University of Florida at 2 sites in United States.
Trial summary
Respiratory dysfunction is the leading cause of death in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Nearly one quarter of all SCI cases involve injury to the upper spinal cord segments which impairs neural activation of the diaphragm muscle and compromises breathing. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Injuries, Spinal Cord
- What is being tested?
- Diaphragm pacing
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion, Medical device
- How many people
- 16 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Dec 2015to 11 Aug 2020
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Forty adults will be recruited from an acute care hospital setting
Who may be able to join
- Acute, traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries (C-SCIs), classified according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) as A-C (complete SCI (A); motor complete SCI (B); motor incomplete with minimal motor function (C)), affecting C1-C6 spinal cord segments
- Scheduled to undergo implantation of a diaphragm pacer, or who have recently received (in past 5-days) implantation of intramuscular diaphragm pacing electrodes due to severe respiratory impairments and dependence on mechanical ventilation.
Who cannot join
- Progressive neuromuscular diseases such as multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis
- History of neurologic injuries such as stroke or prior SCI
- Chest wall injuries or deformities likely to influence breathing
- Pulmonary infection
- Pregnancy
- Cognitive impairments limiting study participation
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
United States2 sites
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida, 32610
Brooks Rehabilitation
Jacksonville, Florida, 32216
About this study
Official title: Intramuscular Pacing to Enhance Voluntary Diaphragm Activation
Respiratory dysfunction is the leading cause of death in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Nearly one quarter of all SCI cases involve injury to the upper spinal cord segments which impairs neural activation of the diaphragm muscle and compromises breathing. Although mechanical ventilation can be life-saving after cervical SCI (C-SCI), it also triggers rapid and profound diaphragm muscle atrophy, thereby complicating (or even preventing) ventilator weaning. Intramuscular diaphragm stimulation, or diaphragm pacing, was developed to replace long-term ventilator support, and is now used acutely post C-SCI (<4 months following injury) to promote ventilator weaning. The impact of diaphragm pacing on respiratory function and diaphragm muscle activation has not been formally evaluated. This is an essential step in determining the efficacy of intramuscular diaphragm stimulation and its effects on respiratory function after SCI. Accordingly, this research study will evaluate the effects of intramuscular diaphragm stimulation and test the hypothesis that diaphragm pacing enhances neuromuscular diaphragm activation and respiratory function in adults with cervical SCIs. The investigators will test the hypothesis by evaluating the effects of diaphragm pacing on neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm by directly recording electromyogram (EMG) activity from the intramuscular pacing electrodes. Recording from these surgically-implanted electrodes allows direct comparisons of EMG activity across time, minimizing methodological limitations inherent with surface or percutaneous EMG recordings. This approach, in association with respiratory assessments, will be used to investigate the impact of diaphragm pacing in adults with intramuscular diaphragm pacing electrodes following acute, traumatic C-SCIs.
Read the detailed description
Subject recruitment. Patients with acute, traumatic C-SCIs, scheduled to receive intramuscular diaphragm pacing OR who have recently received a diaphragm pacer (within past 5-days) will be recruited from two Level-1 trauma hospitals serving North Florida - UF Health Shands Hospitals in Gainesville and Jacksonville, Florida.
Enrollment. Patients with acute, traumatic C-SCIs (AIS A-C, affecting C1-C6 segments) who are scheduled to undergo or who have recently received implantation of diaphragm pacing electrodes (within recent 5-days) will be identified by the investigators.
After obtaining informed consent for participation in the study, members of the study team will review the participant's medical records to obtain study-related data and verify that the participant meets the study criteria. Clinical tests of sensory and motor function also may be conducted to verify the participant's SCI classification and extent of SCI. The tests of sensory and motor function are part of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale and the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. These clinical assessments are part of standard clinical care and include tests of sensation (dermatomes) and muscle strength via manual muscle testing (myotomes). These tests are done to clinically determine which segmental levels of the spinal cord demonstrate normal or impaired function. These tests also aid in determining if the SCI is clinically complete or incomplete. Determination of complete versus incomplete is based on the sensory and motor function in the lowest sacral segments which control sensation and motor function at the anal sphincter. Respiratory function will be assessed by measurement of maximal expiratory pressures and standard spirometry (tidal breathing, maximal voluntary ventilation and flow-volume curves).
Following enrollment and implantation of diaphragm pacing electrodes, individuals will be assessed at regular intervals. Assessments will include: a.) clinical ASIA neurologic examination of sensory and motor function (as described above) b.) recording of intramuscular diaphragm EMGs c.) measurement of diaphragm muscle strength via standard clinical assessment of maximal inspiratory pressures and d.) standard clinical measures of respiratory function.
Up to 5 assessments will be conducted in the acute hospital setting; up to 5 assessments during inpatient rehabilitation (Brooks Rehabilitation); up to 4 assessments will be conducted after discharge to the home setting.
ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW: The examination will allow investigators to characterize longitudinal changes in segmental sensory and motor function. Diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) will be recorded from the intramuscular diaphragm pacing electrodes and respiratory function will be assessed during non-stimulated respiration (diaphragm pacing unit turned off). Diaphragm EMGs will be recorded from the intramuscular pacing electrodes with a custom connector that attaches to the external pacing electrode wires and interfaces with an EMG acquisition system. Concurrent with EMG recordings, each assessment will include tests of maximal inspiratory pressures to assess diaphragm muscle strength.
Assessment of the neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm will be performed. Neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm will be assessed by recording diaphragm EMGs from the surgically-implanted intramuscular stimulating electrodes. This approach will allow for comparisons of EMG recordings across time and reduces the methodological limitations associated with surface or percutaneous EMG approaches. EMGs will be recorded during non-stimulated respiration (diaphragm pacer turned off) and simultaneously with assessments of respiratory function. These assessments may include maximal inspiratory pressures; sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, assessments of resting tidal breathing, inspiration to total lung capacity, maximal voluntary ventilation and measurement of flow volumes using standard spirometry.
During the assessments, photographs and/or video recordings may be obtained. These recordings will be done with the participant's knowledge and consent for the type of recording being obtained. Photographs and video recordings will be used to communicate study procedures with the study team and to monitor the assessment process. Video and photographic data will be used to assess how individuals with SCIs perform and respond to the testing and to communicate the study procedures. Video and photographic information will be used in a manner based on the level of consent obtained from each participant.
Primary outcomes to characterize neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm and assess changes in diaphragm activation associated with intramuscular diaphragm stimulation will include: amplitude and timing characteristics (raw, filtered EMGs and normalized); neural respiratory drive to evaluate diaphragm muscle activation during tidal breathing relative to activation capacity during maximal inspiratory maneuvers; and time-frequency characteristics of the diaphragm EMGs (wavelet analysis).
- Conditions
- Injuries, Spinal Cord
- Being tested
- Diaphragm pacing
- Keywords
- SCI, Respiratory impairment, Diaphragm pacing, Diaphragm stimulation
- Medical subject headings
- Spinal Cord Injuries, Respiratory Insufficiency
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Diaphragm pacingDevice
Intramuscular diaphragm implantation is achieved by a laparoscopic approach whereby phrenic motor points on the diaphragm are mapped to optimize electrode placement. The electrodes are threaded into the diaphragm muscle and wire leads are externalized and attached to a stimulation controller.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Cervical SCI | Participants with acute, traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries (C-SCIs), classified according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) as A-C (complete SCI (A); motor complete SCI (B); motor incomplete with minimal motor function (C)), affecting C1-C6 spinal cord segments, and who have been scheduled to undergo implantation of a diaphragm pacer, or who have recently received (in past 5-days) implantation of intramuscular diaphragm pacing electrodes due to severe respiratory impairments and dependence on mechanical ventilation. Receives: Device: Diaphragm pacing |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Electromyogram (EMG) will be used to assess the neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm
Neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm will be assessed by recording diaphragm EMGs from the surgically-implanted intramuscular stimulating electrodes. This approach will allow for comparisons of EMG recordings across time. EMGs will be recorded during non-stimulated respiration (diaphragm pacer turned off) and simultaneously with assessments of respiratory function. A Friedman's ANOVA will be used to test for differences in the EMG outcomes across the multiple (4 or more) time points. Post-hoc comparisons will be conducted using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Measured: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Maximal inspiratory pressure will be used to assess diaphragm strength
Respiratory function will be assessed using standard clinical approaches to measure inspiratory and expiratory pressures and volumes as well as standard spirometry. A Friedman's ANOVA will be used to test for differences in the respiratory outcomes across the multiple (4 or more) time points. Post-hoc comparisons will be conducted using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Measured: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure may be used to assess diaphragm strength
Respiratory function will be assessed using standard clinical approaches to measure inspiratory and expiratory pressures and volumes as well as standard spirometry. A Friedman's ANOVA will be used to test for differences in the respiratory outcomes across the multiple (4 or more) time points. Post-hoc comparisons will be conducted using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Measured: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Maximal expiratory pressure will be used to assess respiratory function
Respiratory function will be assessed using standard clinical approaches to measure inspiratory and expiratory pressures and volumes as well as standard spirometry. A Friedman's ANOVA will be used to test for differences in the respiratory outcomes across the multiple (4 or more) time points. Post-hoc comparisons will be conducted using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Measured: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Spirometry and flow volume curves/loops will be used to assess respiratory function at rest
Respiratory function will be assessed using standard clinical approaches to measure inspiratory and expiratory pressures and volumes as well as standard spirometry. A Friedman's ANOVA will be used to test for differences in the respiratory outcomes across the multiple (4 or more) time points. Post-hoc comparisons will be conducted using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Measured: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Spirometry and forced flow volume curves/loops will be used to assess respiratory function at maximal effort
Respiratory function will be assessed using standard clinical approaches to measure inspiratory and expiratory pressures and volumes as well as standard spirometry. A Friedman's ANOVA will be used to test for differences in the respiratory outcomes across the multiple (4 or more) time points. Post-hoc comparisons will be conducted using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Measured: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Secondary outcomes (1)
American Spinal Cord Injury (ASIA) Impairment Scale
Standardized clinical assessment of sensation and strength based on levels of the spinal cord to classify the severity of injury. The test is clinician-administered; clinical examination conducted to test whether sensation is 0-absent; 1-impaired or 2-normal. The lower score the worse the paralysis and the higher the score will indicate the lesser of the paralysis.
Measured: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Sep 2015 (estimated)
- Study startDec 2015
- Primary completion11 Aug 2020
- Study completion11 Aug 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Injuries, Spinal CordStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of FloridaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 16 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Florida
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Brooks Rehabilitation, The Craig H. Neilsen Foundation
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Emily J Fox, PT, DPT, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Florida; Brooks Rehabilitation
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02556125
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IRB201500402
- Status last verified
- Aug 2020
- First submitted
- 18 Sep 2015
- Last updated
- 13 Aug 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Posluszny JA Jr, Onders R, Kerwin AJ, Weinstein MS, Stein DM, Knight J, Lottenberg L, Cheatham ML, Khansarinia S, Dayal S, Byers PM, Diebel L. Multicenter review of diaphragm pacing in spinal cord injury: successful not only in weaning from ventilators but also in bridging to independent respiration. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014 Feb;76(2):303-9; discussion 309-10. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000112.
PubMed 24458038Onders RP, Elmo M, Kaplan C, Katirji B, Schilz R. Extended use of diaphragm pacing in patients with unilateral or bilateral diaphragm dysfunction: a new therapeutic option. Surgery. 2014 Oct;156(4):776-84. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.07.021.
PubMed 25239317Romero FJ, Gambarrutta C, Garcia-Forcada A, Marin MA, Diaz de la Lastra E, Paz F, Fernandez-Dorado MT, Mazaira J. Long-term evaluation of phrenic nerve pacing for respiratory failure due to high cervical spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2012 Dec;50(12):895-8. doi: 10.1038/sc.2012.74. Epub 2012 Jul 10.
PubMed 22777487Hirschfeld S, Exner G, Luukkaala T, Baer GA. Mechanical ventilation or phrenic nerve stimulation for treatment of spinal cord injury-induced respiratory insufficiency. Spinal Cord. 2008 Nov;46(11):738-42. doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.43. Epub 2008 May 13.
PubMed 18475279Onders RP, Khansarinia S, Weiser T, Chin C, Hungness E, Soper N, Dehoyos A, Cole T, Ducko C. Multicenter analysis of diaphragm pacing in tetraplegics with cardiac pacemakers: positive implications for ventilator weaning in intensive care units. Surgery. 2010 Oct;148(4):893-7; discussion 897-8. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.07.008. Epub 2010 Aug 24.
PubMed 20797750DiMarco AF, Onders RP, Kowalski KE, Miller ME, Ferek S, Mortimer JT. Phrenic nerve pacing in a tetraplegic patient via intramuscular diaphragm electrodes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Dec 15;166(12 Pt 1):1604-6. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200203-175CR.
PubMed 12471076
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Aug 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Intramuscular Pacing to Enhance Voluntary Diaphragm Activation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02556125
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IRB201500402
- Conditions
- Injuries, Spinal Cord
- Keywords
- SCI, Respiratory impairment, Diaphragm pacing, Diaphragm stimulation
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 16 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of FloridaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Brooks Rehabilitation, The Craig H. Neilsen Foundation
- Study start
- Dec 2015 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 11 Aug 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 11 Aug 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Sep 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Respiratory dysfunction is the leading cause of death in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Nearly one quarter of all SCI cases involve injury to the upper spinal cord segments which impairs neural activation of the diaphragm muscle and compromises breathing. Although mechanical ventilation can be life-saving after cervical SCI (C-SCI), it also triggers rapid and profound diaphragm muscle atrophy, thereby complicating (or even preventing) ventilator weaning. Intramuscular diaphragm stimulation, or diaphragm pacing, was developed to replace long-term ventilator support, and is now used acutely post C-SCI (<4 months following injury) to promote ventilator weaning. The impact of diaphragm pacing on respiratory function and diaphragm muscle activation has not been formally evaluated. This is an essential step in determining the efficacy of intramuscular diaphragm stimulation and its effects on respiratory function after SCI. Accordingly, this research study will evaluate the effects of intramuscular diaphragm stimulation and test the hypothesis that diaphragm pacing enhances neuromuscular diaphragm activation and respiratory function in adults with cervical SCIs. The investigators will test the hypothesis by evaluating the effects of diaphragm pacing on neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm by directly recording electromyogram (EMG) activity from the intramuscular pacing electrodes. Recording from these surgically-implanted electrodes allows direct comparisons of EMG activity across time, minimizing methodological limitations inherent with surface or percutaneous EMG recordings. This approach, in association with respiratory assessments, will be used to investigate the impact of diaphragm pacing in adults with intramuscular diaphragm pacing electrodes following acute, traumatic C-SCIs.
Detailed description
Subject recruitment. Patients with acute, traumatic C-SCIs, scheduled to receive intramuscular diaphragm pacing OR who have recently received a diaphragm pacer (within past 5-days) will be recruited from two Level-1 trauma hospitals serving North Florida - UF Health Shands Hospitals in Gainesville and Jacksonville, Florida.
Enrollment. Patients with acute, traumatic C-SCIs (AIS A-C, affecting C1-C6 segments) who are scheduled to undergo or who have recently received implantation of diaphragm pacing electrodes (within recent 5-days) will be identified by the investigators.
After obtaining informed consent for participation in the study, members of the study team will review the participant's medical records to obtain study-related data and verify that the participant meets the study criteria. Clinical tests of sensory and motor function also may be conducted to verify the participant's SCI classification and extent of SCI. The tests of sensory and motor function are part of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale and the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. These clinical assessments are part of standard clinical care and include tests of sensation (dermatomes) and muscle strength via manual muscle testing (myotomes). These tests are done to clinically determine which segmental levels of the spinal cord demonstrate normal or impaired function. These tests also aid in determining if the SCI is clinically complete or incomplete. Determination of complete versus incomplete is based on the sensory and motor function in the lowest sacral segments which control sensation and motor function at the anal sphincter. Respiratory function will be assessed by measurement of maximal expiratory pressures and standard spirometry (tidal breathing, maximal voluntary ventilation and flow-volume curves).
Following enrollment and implantation of diaphragm pacing electrodes, individuals will be assessed at regular intervals. Assessments will include: a.) clinical ASIA neurologic examination of sensory and motor function (as described above) b.) recording of intramuscular diaphragm EMGs c.) measurement of diaphragm muscle strength via standard clinical assessment of maximal inspiratory pressures and d.) standard clinical measures of respiratory function.
Up to 5 assessments will be conducted in the acute hospital setting; up to 5 assessments during inpatient rehabilitation (Brooks Rehabilitation); up to 4 assessments will be conducted after discharge to the home setting.
ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW: The examination will allow investigators to characterize longitudinal changes in segmental sensory and motor function. Diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) will be recorded from the intramuscular diaphragm pacing electrodes and respiratory function will be assessed during non-stimulated respiration (diaphragm pacing unit turned off). Diaphragm EMGs will be recorded from the intramuscular pacing electrodes with a custom connector that attaches to the external pacing electrode wires and interfaces with an EMG acquisition system. Concurrent with EMG recordings, each assessment will include tests of maximal inspiratory pressures to assess diaphragm muscle strength.
Assessment of the neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm will be performed. Neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm will be assessed by recording diaphragm EMGs from the surgically-implanted intramuscular stimulating electrodes. This approach will allow for comparisons of EMG recordings across time and reduces the methodological limitations associated with surface or percutaneous EMG approaches. EMGs will be recorded during non-stimulated respiration (diaphragm pacer turned off) and simultaneously with assessments of respiratory function. These assessments may include maximal inspiratory pressures; sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, assessments of resting tidal breathing, inspiration to total lung capacity, maximal voluntary ventilation and measurement of flow volumes using standard spirometry.
During the assessments, photographs and/or video recordings may be obtained. These recordings will be done with the participant's knowledge and consent for the type of recording being obtained. Photographs and video recordings will be used to communicate study procedures with the study team and to monitor the assessment process. Video and photographic data will be used to assess how individuals with SCIs perform and respond to the testing and to communicate the study procedures. Video and photographic information will be used in a manner based on the level of consent obtained from each participant.
Primary outcomes to characterize neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm and assess changes in diaphragm activation associated with intramuscular diaphragm stimulation will include: amplitude and timing characteristics (raw, filtered EMGs and normalized); neural respiratory drive to evaluate diaphragm muscle activation during tidal breathing relative to activation capacity during maximal inspiratory maneuvers; and time-frequency characteristics of the diaphragm EMGs (wavelet analysis).
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Cervical SCI | – | Device: Diaphragm pacingParticipants with acute, traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries (C-SCIs), classified according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) as A-C (complete SCI (A); motor complete SCI (B); motor incomplete with minimal motor function (C)), affecting C1-C6 spinal cord segments, and who have been scheduled to undergo implantation of a diaphragm pacer, or who have recently received (in past 5-days) implantation of intramuscular diaphragm pacing electrodes due to severe respiratory impairments and dependence on mechanical ventilation. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Forty adults will be recruited from an acute care hospital setting
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Acute, traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries (C-SCIs), classified according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) as A-C (complete SCI (A); motor complete SCI (B); motor incomplete with minimal motor function (C)), affecting C1-C6 spinal cord segments
- Scheduled to undergo implantation of a diaphragm pacer, or who have recently received (in past 5-days) implantation of intramuscular diaphragm pacing electrodes due to severe respiratory impairments and dependence on mechanical ventilation.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Progressive neuromuscular diseases such as multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis
- History of neurologic injuries such as stroke or prior SCI
- Chest wall injuries or deformities likely to influence breathing
- Pulmonary infection
- Pregnancy
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Diaphragm pacingIntramuscular diaphragm implantation is achieved by a laparoscopic approach whereby phrenic motor points on the diaphragm are mapped to optimize electrode placement. The electrodes are threaded into the diaphragm muscle and wire leads are externalized and attached to a stimulation controller. | Device | Cervical SCI |
Primary outcome
Electromyogram (EMG) will be used to assess the neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm
Time frame: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm will be assessed by recording diaphragm EMGs from the surgically-implanted intramuscular stimulating electrodes. This approach will allow for comparisons of EMG recordings across time. EMGs will be recorded during non-stimulated respiration (diaphragm pacer turned off) and simultaneously with assessments of respiratory function. A Friedman's ANOVA will be used to test for differences in the EMG outcomes across the multiple (4 or more) time points. Post-hoc comparisons will be conducted using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Maximal inspiratory pressure will be used to assess diaphragm strength
Time frame: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Respiratory function will be assessed using standard clinical approaches to measure inspiratory and expiratory pressures and volumes as well as standard spirometry. A Friedman's ANOVA will be used to test for differences in the respiratory outcomes across the multiple (4 or more) time points. Post-hoc comparisons will be conducted using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure may be used to assess diaphragm strength
Time frame: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Respiratory function will be assessed using standard clinical approaches to measure inspiratory and expiratory pressures and volumes as well as standard spirometry. A Friedman's ANOVA will be used to test for differences in the respiratory outcomes across the multiple (4 or more) time points. Post-hoc comparisons will be conducted using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Maximal expiratory pressure will be used to assess respiratory function
Time frame: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Respiratory function will be assessed using standard clinical approaches to measure inspiratory and expiratory pressures and volumes as well as standard spirometry. A Friedman's ANOVA will be used to test for differences in the respiratory outcomes across the multiple (4 or more) time points. Post-hoc comparisons will be conducted using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Spirometry and flow volume curves/loops will be used to assess respiratory function at rest
Time frame: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Respiratory function will be assessed using standard clinical approaches to measure inspiratory and expiratory pressures and volumes as well as standard spirometry. A Friedman's ANOVA will be used to test for differences in the respiratory outcomes across the multiple (4 or more) time points. Post-hoc comparisons will be conducted using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Spirometry and forced flow volume curves/loops will be used to assess respiratory function at maximal effort
Time frame: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Respiratory function will be assessed using standard clinical approaches to measure inspiratory and expiratory pressures and volumes as well as standard spirometry. A Friedman's ANOVA will be used to test for differences in the respiratory outcomes across the multiple (4 or more) time points. Post-hoc comparisons will be conducted using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
1 secondary outcome
American Spinal Cord Injury (ASIA) Impairment Scale
Time frame: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Aug 2020.
- Background: PubMed 24458038Posluszny JA Jr, Onders R, Kerwin AJ, Weinstein MS, Stein DM, Knight J, Lottenberg L, Cheatham ML, Khansarinia S, Dayal S, Byers PM, Diebel L. Multicenter review of diaphragm pacing in spinal cord injury: successful not only in weaning from ventilators but also in bridging to independent respiration. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014 Feb;76(2):303-9; discussion 309-10. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000112.
- Background: PubMed 25239317Onders RP, Elmo M, Kaplan C, Katirji B, Schilz R. Extended use of diaphragm pacing in patients with unilateral or bilateral diaphragm dysfunction: a new therapeutic option. Surgery. 2014 Oct;156(4):776-84. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.07.021.
- Background: PubMed 22777487Romero FJ, Gambarrutta C, Garcia-Forcada A, Marin MA, Diaz de la Lastra E, Paz F, Fernandez-Dorado MT, Mazaira J. Long-term evaluation of phrenic nerve pacing for respiratory failure due to high cervical spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2012 Dec;50(12):895-8. doi: 10.1038/sc.2012.74. Epub 2012 Jul 10.
- Background: PubMed 18475279Hirschfeld S, Exner G, Luukkaala T, Baer GA. Mechanical ventilation or phrenic nerve stimulation for treatment of spinal cord injury-induced respiratory insufficiency. Spinal Cord. 2008 Nov;46(11):738-42. doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.43. Epub 2008 May 13.
- Background: PubMed 20797750Onders RP, Khansarinia S, Weiser T, Chin C, Hungness E, Soper N, Dehoyos A, Cole T, Ducko C. Multicenter analysis of diaphragm pacing in tetraplegics with cardiac pacemakers: positive implications for ventilator weaning in intensive care units. Surgery. 2010 Oct;148(4):893-7; discussion 897-8. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.07.008. Epub 2010 Aug 24.
- Background: PubMed 12471076DiMarco AF, Onders RP, Kowalski KE, Miller ME, Ferek S, Mortimer JT. Phrenic nerve pacing in a tetraplegic patient via intramuscular diaphragm electrodes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Dec 15;166(12 Pt 1):1604-6. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200203-175CR.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Emily J Fox, PT, DPT, PhD principal investigator
University of Florida; Brooks Rehabilitation
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Injuries, Spinal Cord, run by University of Florida at 2 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Aug 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Electromyogram (EMG) will be used to assess the neuromuscular activation of the diaphragm (time frame: Change in baseline to months 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02556125, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Aug 2020.