Acute Kidney InjuryInCreASNCT02598271
Influence of Elevated Baseline Serum Creatinine and Body Composition on Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery
An observational study of Acute Kidney Injury, run by Medical University of Vienna at 1 site in Austria.
Trial summary
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an infrequent but major and well - recognized complication of cardiac surgery. Recent studies demonstrated that even minimal increases in serum creatinine are associated with a rising risk of mortality, hospital length of stay, and cost. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Acute Kidney Injury
- How many people
- 200 participants
- Where
- 1 siteAustria
- Study dates
- Oct 2016to 30 Dec 2022
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Patients undergoing an elective cardiac surgical intervention.
Who may be able to join
- Elective cardiac surgical intervention
Who cannot join
- Emergency procedures
- Heart transplantation
- Elective left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation o Pulmonary thrombendarterectomy
- Declined informed consent
- Age < 18 years
- Pregnant woman
- Preoperative renal replacement therapy (RRT)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Austria1 site
Divison of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of Vienna
Vienna, 1090
About this study
Official title: Influence of Elevated Baseline Serum Creatinine and Body Composition on Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery - The InCreAS Trial
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an infrequent but major and well - recognized complication of cardiac surgery. Recent studies demonstrated that even minimal increases in serum creatinine are associated with a rising risk of mortality, hospital length of stay, and cost. Furthermore a cut-off for baseline serum creatinine and its influence on mortality after cardiac surgery has been shown.
In this study the investigators want to test if increased bSCr is influenced by body composition. Further the investigators want to determine if the incidence of AKI is different in patients below or above the estimated cut-off. Therefore the investigators want to perform a prospective cohort analysis and will take several other body composition and nutrition parameters to test their influence on the predictive power of bSCr. Furthermore the investigators want to evaluate several novel biomarkers for AKI on their predictive effect in cardiac surgical patients.
Read the detailed description
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an infrequent but major and well - recognized complication of cardiac surgery (1, 2). Its incidence ranges from 1 to 30% (3). Numerous pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors have been associated with the development of AKI after cardiac surgery (3-19). Most commonly used definitions are the absolute serum creatinine level, its change within one week and/or the need for dialysis in previously undialysed patients (1, 3-5, 9-11, 19-25). In patients who are older, more obese with Type 2 diabetes and hypertension, there is increasing interest in the effects of chronic kidney disease on the cardiovascular system (26). Recent studies demonstrated that even minimal increases in serum creatinine are associated with a rising risk of mortality, hospital length of stay, and cost (27, 28). The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Group standardized with their Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of Kidney Function, End-Stage Kidney Disease criteria and their modifications to the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria the definitions of AKI (19, 29, 30). Both criteria need a baseline serum creatinine value for estimation (31).
In a recent published study (32) a cut-off for baseline serum creatinine and its influence on mortality after cardiac surgery has been shown. Under the steady-state and stable kidney function, SCr is usually produced at a relatively constant rate by the body depending on the absolute amount of muscle mass, and is a reliable and cost-effective surrogate marker for kidney function (33). SCr is strongly correlated with weight, total body water and anthropometrically estimated lean body mass (LBM) (34). Approximately half of LBM is comprised of skeletal muscle mass (35). Recent studies suggest that higher muscle mass is associated with greater longevity in people with CKD and other chronic disease states (36, 37). SCr, however, has several limitations, such as variations in concentration related to age, sex, muscle mass and is influenced by dietary protein intake. (38) Furthermore AKI affects different complex cellular and molecular pathways. Several novel urinary biomarkers such as insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) are involved in the early phase of cell injury and predict both the development and severity of AKI and renal recovery early after cardiac surgery (39-43) In this study the investigators want to test if increased bSCr is influenced by body composition. Further the investigators want to determine if the incidence of AKI is different in patients below or above the estimated cut-off. Therefore the investigators want to perform a prospective cohort analysis and will take several other body composition and nutrition parameters to test their influence on the predictive power of bSCr. Furthermore the investigators want to evaluate several novel biomarkers for AKI on their predictive effect in cardiac surgical patients.
- Conditions
- Acute Kidney Injury
- Keywords
- Acute Kidney Injury, Cardiac Surgery
- Medical subject headings
- Acute Kidney Injury
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Low SCr | Patients with a serum creatinine below or equal to 1.3mg/dL | |
| High SCr | Patients with a serum creatinine above to 1.3mg/dL |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Influence of body composition on increased baseline serum creatinine
Body composition will be measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, body weight, muscle status and nutrition status
Measured: 7 days
Secondary outcomes (8)
Influence of increased baseline serum creatinine on difference in acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery
Acute kidney injury will be defined by current KDIGO-Guidelines for acute kidney inujury
Measured: 7 days
Influence of neutral endopeptidase on levels of acute kidney injury
Neutral endopeptidase will be measured out of the urine with ELISA
Measured: 7 days
Influence of right ventricular function on acute kidney injury
Right ventricular function will be assessed by Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) measurements
Measured: 7 days
Length of ICU stay
Measured: 7 days
30 days mortality
Measured: 30 days
Volume status
Need of crystalloid, colloid and blood products
Measured: 7 days
Influence of podocin on levels of acute kidney injury
Podocin will be measured out of the urine with ELISA
Measured: 7 days
Influence of nephrin on levels of acute kidney injury
Nephrin will be measured out of the urine with ELISA
Measured: 7 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Nov 2015 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2016
- Primary completion12 Aug 2019
- Study completion30 Dec 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (43)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Acute Kidney InjuryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Medical University of ViennaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Medical University of Vienna
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dr. Martin Bernardi, Medical University of Vienna
- Investigators
- Martin H Bernardi, Dr., Principal investigator, Divison of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of Vienna
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02598271
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1223/2015
- Acronym
- InCreAS
- Status last verified
- Mar 2023
- First submitted
- 1 Nov 2015
- Last updated
- 14 Mar 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Ostermann ME, Taube D, Morgan CJ, Evans TW. Acute renal failure following cardiopulmonary bypass: a changing picture. Intensive Care Med. 2000 May;26(5):565-71. doi: 10.1007/s001340051205.
PubMed 10923731Chertow GM, Levy EM, Hammermeister KE, Grover F, Daley J. Independent association between acute renal failure and mortality following cardiac surgery. Am J Med. 1998 Apr;104(4):343-8. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(98)00058-8.
PubMed 9576407Mangano CM, Diamondstone LS, Ramsay JG, Aggarwal A, Herskowitz A, Mangano DT. Renal dysfunction after myocardial revascularization: risk factors, adverse outcomes, and hospital resource utilization. The Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Feb 1;128(3):194-203. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-128-3-199802010-00005.
PubMed 9454527Bahar I, Akgul A, Ozatik MA, Vural KM, Demirbag AE, Boran M, Tasdemir O. Acute renal failure following open heart surgery: risk factors and prognosis. Perfusion. 2005 Oct;20(6):317-22. doi: 10.1191/0267659105pf829oa.
PubMed 16363316Janssen DP, Noyez L, van Druten JA, Skotnicki SH, Lacquet LK. Predictors of nephrological morbidity after coronary artery bypass surgery. Cardiovasc Surg. 2002 Jun;10(3):222-7. doi: 10.1177/096721090201000307.
PubMed 12044429Aronson S, Boisvert D, Lapp W. Isolated systolic hypertension is associated with adverse outcomes from coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Anesth Analg. 2002 May;94(5):1079-84, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200205000-00005.
PubMed 11973166Aronson S, Fontes ML, Miao Y, Mangano DT; Investigators of the Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group; Ischemia Research and Education Foundation. Risk index for perioperative renal dysfunction/failure: critical dependence on pulse pressure hypertension. Circulation. 2007 Feb 13;115(6):733-42. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.623538. Epub 2007 Feb 5.
PubMed 17283267Mangano DT, Tudor IC, Dietzel C; Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group; Ischemia Research and Education Foundation. The risk associated with aprotinin in cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jan 26;354(4):353-65. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa051379.
PubMed 16436767Gaudino M, Luciani N, Giungi S, Caradonna E, Nasso G, Schiavello R, Luciani G, Possati G. Different profiles of patients who require dialysis after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Mar;79(3):825-9; author reply 829-30. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.08.019.
PubMed 15734386Kincaid EH, Ashburn DA, Hoyle JR, Reichert MG, Hammon JW, Kon ND. Does the combination of aprotinin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor cause renal failure after cardiac surgery? Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Oct;80(4):1388-93; discussion 1393. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.03.136.
PubMed 16181876Regner KR, Connolly HM, Schaff HV, Albright RC. Acute renal failure after cardiac surgery for carcinoid heart disease: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 May;45(5):826-32. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.02.009.
PubMed 15861347Mehta RH, Bruckman D, Das S, Tsai T, Russman P, Karavite D, Monaghan H, Sonnad S, Shea MJ, Eagle KA, Deeb GM. Implications of increased left ventricular mass index on in-hospital outcomes in patients undergoing aortic valve surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001 Nov;122(5):919-28. doi: 10.1067/mtc.2001.116558.
PubMed 11689797Fischer UM, Weissenberger WK, Warters RD, Geissler HJ, Allen SJ, Mehlhorn U. Impact of cardiopulmonary bypass management on postcardiac surgery renal function. Perfusion. 2002 Nov;17(6):401-6. doi: 10.1191/0267659102pf610oa.
PubMed 12470028Aronson S, Dyke CM, Stierer KA, Levy JH, Cheung AT, Lumb PD, Kereiakes DJ, Newman MF. The ECLIPSE trials: comparative studies of clevidipine to nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside, and nicardipine for acute hypertension treatment in cardiac surgery patients. Anesth Analg. 2008 Oct;107(4):1110-21. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31818240db.
PubMed 18806012Brown JR, Cochran RP, Leavitt BJ, Dacey LJ, Ross CS, MacKenzie TA, Kunzelman KS, Kramer RS, Hernandez F Jr, Helm RE, Westbrook BM, Dunton RF, Malenka DJ, O'Connor GT; Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group. Multivariable prediction of renal insufficiency developing after cardiac surgery. Circulation. 2007 Sep 11;116(11 Suppl):I139-43. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.677070.
PubMed 17846294
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Mar 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Influence of Elevated Baseline Serum Creatinine and Body Composition on Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery - The InCreAS Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02598271
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- InCreAS / 1223/2015
- Conditions
- Acute Kidney Injury
- Keywords
- Acute Kidney Injury, Cardiac Surgery
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Medical University of ViennaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Oct 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 12 Aug 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Nov 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an infrequent but major and well - recognized complication of cardiac surgery. Recent studies demonstrated that even minimal increases in serum creatinine are associated with a rising risk of mortality, hospital length of stay, and cost. Furthermore a cut-off for baseline serum creatinine and its influence on mortality after cardiac surgery has been shown.
In this study the investigators want to test if increased bSCr is influenced by body composition. Further the investigators want to determine if the incidence of AKI is different in patients below or above the estimated cut-off. Therefore the investigators want to perform a prospective cohort analysis and will take several other body composition and nutrition parameters to test their influence on the predictive power of bSCr. Furthermore the investigators want to evaluate several novel biomarkers for AKI on their predictive effect in cardiac surgical patients.
Detailed description
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an infrequent but major and well - recognized complication of cardiac surgery (1, 2). Its incidence ranges from 1 to 30% (3). Numerous pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors have been associated with the development of AKI after cardiac surgery (3-19). Most commonly used definitions are the absolute serum creatinine level, its change within one week and/or the need for dialysis in previously undialysed patients (1, 3-5, 9-11, 19-25). In patients who are older, more obese with Type 2 diabetes and hypertension, there is increasing interest in the effects of chronic kidney disease on the cardiovascular system (26). Recent studies demonstrated that even minimal increases in serum creatinine are associated with a rising risk of mortality, hospital length of stay, and cost (27, 28). The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Group standardized with their Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of Kidney Function, End-Stage Kidney Disease criteria and their modifications to the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria the definitions of AKI (19, 29, 30). Both criteria need a baseline serum creatinine value for estimation (31).
In a recent published study (32) a cut-off for baseline serum creatinine and its influence on mortality after cardiac surgery has been shown. Under the steady-state and stable kidney function, SCr is usually produced at a relatively constant rate by the body depending on the absolute amount of muscle mass, and is a reliable and cost-effective surrogate marker for kidney function (33). SCr is strongly correlated with weight, total body water and anthropometrically estimated lean body mass (LBM) (34). Approximately half of LBM is comprised of skeletal muscle mass (35). Recent studies suggest that higher muscle mass is associated with greater longevity in people with CKD and other chronic disease states (36, 37). SCr, however, has several limitations, such as variations in concentration related to age, sex, muscle mass and is influenced by dietary protein intake. (38) Furthermore AKI affects different complex cellular and molecular pathways. Several novel urinary biomarkers such as insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) are involved in the early phase of cell injury and predict both the development and severity of AKI and renal recovery early after cardiac surgery (39-43) In this study the investigators want to test if increased bSCr is influenced by body composition. Further the investigators want to determine if the incidence of AKI is different in patients below or above the estimated cut-off. Therefore the investigators want to perform a prospective cohort analysis and will take several other body composition and nutrition parameters to test their influence on the predictive power of bSCr. Furthermore the investigators want to evaluate several novel biomarkers for AKI on their predictive effect in cardiac surgical patients.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Low SCr | – | –Patients with a serum creatinine below or equal to 1.3mg/dL |
| High SCr | – | –Patients with a serum creatinine above to 1.3mg/dL |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Patients undergoing an elective cardiac surgical intervention.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Elective cardiac surgical intervention
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Emergency procedures
- Heart transplantation
- Elective left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation o Pulmonary thrombendarterectomy
- Declined informed consent
- Age < 18 years
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Influence of body composition on increased baseline serum creatinine
Time frame: 7 days
Body composition will be measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, body weight, muscle status and nutrition status
8 secondary outcomes
Influence of increased baseline serum creatinine on difference in acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery
Time frame: 7 days
Influence of neutral endopeptidase on levels of acute kidney injury
Time frame: 7 days
Influence of right ventricular function on acute kidney injury
Time frame: 7 days
Length of ICU stay
Time frame: 7 days
30 days mortality
Time frame: 30 days
Volume status
Time frame: 7 days
Influence of podocin on levels of acute kidney injury
Time frame: 7 days
Influence of nephrin on levels of acute kidney injury
Time frame: 7 days
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Mar 2023.
- Background: PubMed 10923731Ostermann ME, Taube D, Morgan CJ, Evans TW. Acute renal failure following cardiopulmonary bypass: a changing picture. Intensive Care Med. 2000 May;26(5):565-71. doi: 10.1007/s001340051205.
- Background: PubMed 9576407Chertow GM, Levy EM, Hammermeister KE, Grover F, Daley J. Independent association between acute renal failure and mortality following cardiac surgery. Am J Med. 1998 Apr;104(4):343-8. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(98)00058-8.
- Background: PubMed 9454527Mangano CM, Diamondstone LS, Ramsay JG, Aggarwal A, Herskowitz A, Mangano DT. Renal dysfunction after myocardial revascularization: risk factors, adverse outcomes, and hospital resource utilization. The Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Feb 1;128(3):194-203. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-128-3-199802010-00005.
- Background: PubMed 16363316Bahar I, Akgul A, Ozatik MA, Vural KM, Demirbag AE, Boran M, Tasdemir O. Acute renal failure following open heart surgery: risk factors and prognosis. Perfusion. 2005 Oct;20(6):317-22. doi: 10.1191/0267659105pf829oa.
- Background: PubMed 12044429Janssen DP, Noyez L, van Druten JA, Skotnicki SH, Lacquet LK. Predictors of nephrological morbidity after coronary artery bypass surgery. Cardiovasc Surg. 2002 Jun;10(3):222-7. doi: 10.1177/096721090201000307.
- Background: PubMed 11973166Aronson S, Boisvert D, Lapp W. Isolated systolic hypertension is associated with adverse outcomes from coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Anesth Analg. 2002 May;94(5):1079-84, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200205000-00005.
- Background: PubMed 17283267Aronson S, Fontes ML, Miao Y, Mangano DT; Investigators of the Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group; Ischemia Research and Education Foundation. Risk index for perioperative renal dysfunction/failure: critical dependence on pulse pressure hypertension. Circulation. 2007 Feb 13;115(6):733-42. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.623538. Epub 2007 Feb 5.
- Background: PubMed 16436767Mangano DT, Tudor IC, Dietzel C; Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group; Ischemia Research and Education Foundation. The risk associated with aprotinin in cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jan 26;354(4):353-65. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa051379.
- Background: PubMed 15734386Gaudino M, Luciani N, Giungi S, Caradonna E, Nasso G, Schiavello R, Luciani G, Possati G. Different profiles of patients who require dialysis after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Mar;79(3):825-9; author reply 829-30. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.08.019.
- Background: PubMed 16181876Kincaid EH, Ashburn DA, Hoyle JR, Reichert MG, Hammon JW, Kon ND. Does the combination of aprotinin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor cause renal failure after cardiac surgery? Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Oct;80(4):1388-93; discussion 1393. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.03.136.
- Background: PubMed 15861347Regner KR, Connolly HM, Schaff HV, Albright RC. Acute renal failure after cardiac surgery for carcinoid heart disease: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 May;45(5):826-32. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.02.009.
- Background: PubMed 11689797Mehta RH, Bruckman D, Das S, Tsai T, Russman P, Karavite D, Monaghan H, Sonnad S, Shea MJ, Eagle KA, Deeb GM. Implications of increased left ventricular mass index on in-hospital outcomes in patients undergoing aortic valve surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001 Nov;122(5):919-28. doi: 10.1067/mtc.2001.116558.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Martin H Bernardi, Dr. principal investigator
Divison of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of Vienna
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Acute Kidney Injury, run by Medical University of Vienna at 1 site in Austria.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Mar 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Austria. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Influence of body composition on increased baseline serum creatinine (time frame: 7 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02598271, which also lists 43 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Mar 2023.