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Dietary ModificationHIPNCT02651064

USDA Healthy Incentives Pilot

A study testing HIP in people with Dietary Modification, run by Abt Associates.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The USDA Healthy Incentives Pilot (HIP) evaluated the impact of a 30% financial incentive on fruit and vegetable intake among adult participants in the USDA Supplemental Nutrition and Assistance Program (SNAP). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 16 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Dietary Modification
What is being tested?
HIP
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
55,095 participants
Where
No sites listed yet
Study dates
Jun 2010to Dec 2012
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 16 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Households with residential or mailing address in Hampden County, Massachusetts
  • Receiving SNAP benefits in July 2011

Who cannot join

  • Child-only cases (households not including at least one member aged 16 or older eligible to serve as SNAP head of household)
  • Cases with benefits signed over to residential or treatment facilities

About this study

Official title: USDA Healthy Incentives Pilot (HIP)

The USDA Healthy Incentives Pilot (HIP) evaluated the impact of a 30% financial incentive on fruit and vegetable intake among adult participants in the USDA Supplemental Nutrition and Assistance Program (SNAP).

Read the detailed description

U.S. fruit and vegetable intake remains below recommendations, particularly for low-income populations. Evidence on effectiveness of financial incentives for addressing this shortfall is limited.

This study examined effects of USDA's Healthy Incentives Pilot (HIP), which offered financial incentives to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants for purchasing targeted fruits and vegetables (TFV).

A randomized controlled trial of HIP was conducted in Hampden County, Massachusetts. 7,500 randomly selected SNAP households received a 30% rebate on TFV purchased using SNAP benefits. The remaining 47,595 SNAP households in the county received benefits as usual. Adults in 5,076 households were randomly sampled to complete telephone surveys, including 24-h dietary recall interviews. Surveys were conducted at baseline-1-3 mo pre-implementation-and in two follow-up rounds, 4-6 mo and 9-11 mo post-implementation. 2,784 adults (1,388 HIP, 1,396 non-HIP) completed baseline interviews; data were analyzed for 2,009 adults (72%) also completing at least one follow-up interview.

Being tested
HIP
Keywords
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), fruits and vegetables, price incentive

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • HIPOther

    Also called Healthy Incentives Pilot, Financial incentives, Rebate, Price intervention

Study groups in NCT02651064
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
HIPExperimentalReceived a 30% rebate on targeted fruits and vegetables (TFV) purchased using SNAP benefits in participating retailers. TFV earning the rebate included fresh, canned, frozen, and dried fruits and vegetables without added sugars, fats, oils, or salt, excluding white potatoes, mature legumes (dried beans and peas), and 100% juice.
Receives: Other: HIP
Non-HIPNo interventionReceived SNAP benefits as usual.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Targeted fruit and vegetable (TFV) intake

    Daily adult intake of fresh, canned, frozen, and dried fruits and vegetables without added sugars, fats, oils, or salt, excluding white potatoes, mature legumes (dried beans and peas), and 100% juice.

    In total and by USDA food pattern group (all targeted fruits; citrus, melon, and berries; other fruits; all targeted vegetables; dark green vegetables; red \& orange vegetables (including tomatoes and other red \& orange vegetables); starchy vegetables (excluding white potatoes); and other vegetables.)

    Assessed via computer-assisted telephone interview 24-hour dietary recall (Automated Multiple Pass Method).

    Measured in cup-equivalents based on USDA Food Pattern Equivalents Database (FPED).

    Secondary analyses assessed changes between follow-up rounds.

    Measured: Intake in prior 24 hours; assessed in two follow-up rounds (4-6 mo and 9-11 mo post-implementation) with 10% replicate subsample in each round; data pooled across two follow-up rounds and replicate samples for primary analysis

Secondary outcomes (3)

  1. All fruit and vegetable intake

    Daily adult intake of all fruits and vegetables (fresh, canned, frozen, or dried).

    In total and by USDA food pattern group (all fruits; citrus, melon, and berries; other fruits; all vegetables; dark green vegetables; red \& orange vegetables (including tomatoes and other red \& orange vegetables); starchy vegetables (including white potatoes and other starchy vegetables); legumes; and other vegetables.)

    Assessed via computer-assisted telephone interview 24-hour dietary recall (Automated Multiple Pass Method).

    Measured in cup-equivalents based on USDA Food Pattern Equivalents Database (FPED).

    Secondary analyses assessed changes between follow-up rounds.

    Measured: Intake in prior 24 hours; assessed in two follow-up rounds (4-6 mo and 9-11 mo post-implementation) with 10% replicate subsample in each round; data pooled across two follow-up rounds and replicate samples for main analysis

  2. Intake of other foods

    Daily adult intake of other foods.

    By USDA food pattern group (total grains (including whole and refined grains) (ounce-equivalents); total dairy (cup-equivalents); total protein foods (ounce-equivalents); total oils (gram-equivalents); solid fats (gram-equivalents); added sugars (teaspoons); and alcoholic drinks (drinks)).

    Assessed via computer-assisted telephone interview 24-hour dietary recall (Automated Multiple Pass Method).

    Measured in servings based on units as specified in the USDA Food Pattern Equivalents Database (FPED).

    Secondary analyses assessed changes between follow-up rounds.

    Measured: Intake in prior 24 hours; assessed in two follow-up rounds (4-6 mo and 9-11 mo post-implementation) with 10% replicate subsample in each round; data pooled across two follow-up rounds and replicate samples for main analysis

  3. HEI-2010

    Healthy Eating Index-2010 (Guenther et al. 2014).

    Total and component scores (total fruit; whole fruit; total vegetables; beans and greens; whole grains; dairy; total protein foods; seafood and plant proteins; fatty acids; refined grains; sodium; empty calories).

    Assessed via computer-assisted telephone interview 24-hour dietary recall (Automated Multiple Pass Method).

    Servings calculated based on units as specified in the USDA Food Pattern Equivalents Database (FPED).

    Estimated via population ratio method (see Freedman et al. 2010).

    Secondary analyses assessed changes between follow-up rounds.

    Measured: Calculated based on intake in prior 24 hours; assessed in two follow-up rounds (4-6 mo and 9-11 mo post-implementation) with 10% replicate subsample in each round; data pooled across two follow-up rounds and replicate samples for main analysis

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted8 Jan 2016 (estimated)
  2. Study startJun 2010
  3. Primary completionNov 2012
  4. Study completionDec 2012

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
55,095 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02651064
Sponsor's protocol ID
HIP
Acronym
HIP
Status last verified
Jan 2016
First submitted
4 Jan 2016
Last updated
8 Jan 2016
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: Public use dataset available by request from USDA Food \& Nutrition Service.

Publications

  • Abt Associates Inc. Healthy Incentives Pilot: Updated Study Plan. USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, 2011. http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/study_plan.pdf.

  • Bartlett S, Beauregard M, Logan C, Komarovsky M, Wommack T, Wilde P, Owens C, Melham M, McLaughlin T. Healthy Incentives Pilot (HIP): Early Implementation Report. USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, 2013. http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/HIP_Early_Implementation.pdf.

  • Chu, A. Evaluation of the Healthy Incentives Pilot (HIP): Participant survey weighting methodology. Alexandria, VA: USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Policy Support, 2014.

  • Bartlett S, Klerman J, Olsho L, Logan C, Blocklin M, Beauregard M, Enver A, Wilde P, Owens C, Melhem M. Evaluation of the Healthy Incentives Pilot (HIP): Final Report. USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, 2014. http://www.fns.usda.gov/healthy-incentives-pilot-final-evaluation-report.

  • Wilde P, Klerman JA, Olsho LEW, Bartlett S. Explaining the impact of USDA's Healthy Incentives Pilot on different spending outcomes. Appl Econ Perspect Policy 2015 (Epub ahead of print; DOI: Epub ahead of print; DOI: doi:10.1093/aepp/ppv028).

  • Klerman JAK, Bartlett S, Wilde P, Olsho L. The short-run impact of the Healthy Incentives Pilot Program on fruit and vegetable intake. Am J Agr Econ 2015;96:1372-82.

  • Olsho LE, Klerman JA, Wilde PE, Bartlett S. Financial incentives increase fruit and vegetable intake among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participants: a randomized controlled trial of the USDA Healthy Incentives Pilot. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Aug;104(2):423-35. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.129320. Epub 2016 Jun 22.

    PubMed 27334234

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing HIP in people with Dietary Modification, run by Abt Associates.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Jan 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Targeted fruit and vegetable (TFV) intake (time frame: Intake in prior 24 hours; assessed in two follow-up rounds (4-6 mo and 9-11 mo post-implementation) with 10% replicate subsample in each round; data pooled across two follow-up rounds and replicate samples for primary analysis). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02651064, which also lists 7 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Jan 2016.

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