PainPhase 4NCT02657174
Evaluation of Low-level Laser at Auriculotherapy Points to Reduce Postoperative Pain in Inferior Third Molar Surgery
A Phase 4 study testing low level laser in auricular acupuncture points and low level laser device off in auricular acupuncture points in people with Pain, run by University of Nove de Julho at 1 site in Brazil.
Trial summary
The association between low level laser and auricular acupuncture can be an alternative when conventional drugs are contraindicated or to reduce the quantity of these postoperative medications. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 28 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Pain
- What is being tested?
- low level laser in auricular acupuncture points and low level laser device off in auricular acupuncture points
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteBrazil
- Study dates
- Aug 2015to Aug 2017
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 28 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- healthy patients (negative medical history)
- teeth in position II B according classification of Pell and Gregory
- third molar with extraction indication (recurrent infections, poor position, orthodontic indication) with professional statement in writing.
Who cannot join
- allergic to any drug used in the research (e.g.paracetamol)
- pregnant or breastfeeding women
- smokers
- patients submitted to radiotherapy in the head and neck, systemic or local infection (e.g., pericoronitis or periodontal abscess)
- patients with injuries or radiolucent images associated with the third molar
- patients who have used anti-inflammatory drugs in the last three months
- drug users
- patients who present any complications during surgery (e.g., bleeding, surgical difficulty, surgery longer than 90 minutes).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Anna Carolina RT Horliana, PhD contact
Helio S Filho, Ms contact
Brazil1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE)
São Paulo, 01504-001
Anna Carolina RT Horliana, PhD, +5511 3385-9197, annacrth@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of Low Level Laser at the Auriculotherapy Points, in Reducing Postoperative Pain in Third Molar Surgery
The association between low level laser and auricular acupuncture can be an alternative when conventional drugs are contraindicated or to reduce the quantity of these postoperative medications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of low level laser at auriculotherapy points in reducing postoperative pain in lower third molar surgery. Eighty third molars surgeries will be performed in 40 healthy patients by a split-mouth design. Immediately after surgery, each side of the patient's mouth will be randomly treated with different regimens in a double-blind design: low level laser in auricular acupuncture points or simulation of its use. This treatment will be performed at 24 and 48 hours after surgery. The primary variable is the post-operative pain. The secondary variables are trismus, edema and local temperature. They will be assessed at baseline, 24 hours, 48 hours and seven days after surgery.The blood samples for analysis of systemic inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8) will be assessed at baseline and 24 hours after surgery.
Read the detailed description
Third molar surgery is the most common surgical procedure in dentistry. A comfortable, fast postoperative return to daily activities has increased the need to control inflammation and its signs and symptoms, such as pain and edema. Anti-inflammatories and analgesics have been used for this purpose, but they are not exempt from adverse effects, such as allergies and chronic gastritis, not to mention the medicine costs. The association between low level laser and auricular acupuncture can be an alternative when conventional drugs are contraindicated or to reduce the quantity of these postoperative medications. Among the advantages, we can mention the low risk of side effects, low cost and simplicity of application. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of low level laser at auriculotherapy points in reducing postoperative pain in lower third molar surgery. Eighty bilateral, symmetrical lower third molars surgeries will be performed in 40 healthy patients. Each patient will be his or her own control, through a split-mouth technique. Immediately after surgery, each side of the patient's mouth will be randomly treated with different regimens in a double-blind design: low level laser in auricular acupuncture points or simulation of its use (contralateral side). This regimen will be repeated at 24 and 48 hours after surgery. All patients will receive the same medication (paracetamol) and will be oriented to take it only if they have pain. Neither the surgeon nor the patients know the assigned treatment. The primary variable is the post-operative pain assessed by visual analog scale, and the secondary variables are trismus, edema, local temperature. Dysphagia and presence of infection (systemic temperature, lymphadenopathy) will also be evaluated. These variables will be assessed at baseline, 24 hours, 48 hours and seven days after surgery. All adverse effects will be recorded. The blood samples for analysis of systemic inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8) will be assessed at baseline and 24 hours after surgery.
- Conditions
- Pain
- Being tested
- low level laser in auricular acupuncture points, low level laser device off in auricular acupuncture points
- Keywords
- third molar, auriculotherapy, inflammation, pain
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Inflammation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
low level laser in auricular acupuncture pointsDevice
40 third molars surgeries will be performed in a conventional manner. At the end of surgery, low level laser will be applied at auricular points for prevention of inflammation and pain in the immediate post-operative period (baseline).The operator will mark the points that will be irradiated on the outer atrium of the patient with red gel pen to avoid interference with red laser (λ = 660 nm). The low level laser points will be irradiated in the same operated side.
low level laser device off in auricular acupuncture pointsDevice
40 surgeries will be performed in the conventional manner, identically to the G1. The patient will receive low level laser with a protection of lead in the laser nozzle, in order to block the passage of light, in the same auricular points used in G1.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| G1- experimental active comparator group | Experimental | G1 - (Experimental) 40 third molars surgeries will be performed in a conventional manner. At the end of surgery low level laser in auricular acupuncture points will be applied for prevention of inflammation and pain in a split-mouth design. Receives: Device: low level laser in auricular acupuncture points |
| G2- control group | Placebo comparator | G2 - (Control) 40 third molars surgeries will be performed in the conventional manner, identically to the G1. At the end of surgery low level laser device off in auricular acupuncture points will be applied. The patient will receive low level laser with a protection of lead in the laser nozzle, in order to block the passage of light, in the same auricular points used in G1, with split-mouth design. Receives: Device: low level laser device off in auricular acupuncture points |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in of post-operative pain by applying a visual analog scale
The pain will be assessed by applying a visual analog scale, consisting of a 100-mm line numbered in centimeters, with two closed ends. One end is labeled "0" and the other "100", meaning no pain and terrible pain, respectively. Each patient will be instructed to mark a vertical line with the point that best matches the intensity of pain during the evaluation. Instructions on marking will always be given to the patient by the same operator.
Measured: baseline
Change in of post-operative pain by applying a visual analog scale
The pain will be assessed by applying a visual analog scale, consisting of a 100-mm line numbered in centimeters, with two closed ends. One end is labeled "0" and the other "100", meaning no pain and terrible pain, respectively. Each patient will be instructed to mark a vertical line with the point that best matches the intensity of pain during the evaluation. Instructions on marking will always be given to the patient by the same operator.
Measured: Postoperative period: 24 hours after surgery
Change in of post-operative pain by applying a visual analog scale
The pain will be assessed by applying a visual analog scale, consisting of a 100-mm line numbered in centimeters, with two closed ends. One end is labeled "0" and the other "100", meaning no pain and terrible pain, respectively. Each patient will be instructed to mark a vertical line with the point that best matches the intensity of pain during the evaluation. Instructions on marking will always be given to the patient by the same operator.
Measured: Postoperative period: 48 hours after surgery
Change in of post-operative pain by applying a visual analog scale
The pain will be assessed by applying a visual analog scale, consisting of a 100-mm line numbered in centimeters, with two closed ends. One end is labeled "0" and the other "100", meaning no pain and terrible pain, respectively. Each patient will be instructed to mark a vertical line with the point that best matches the intensity of pain during the evaluation. Instructions on marking will always be given to the patient by the same operator.
Measured: Postoperative period: 7 days after surgery
Secondary outcomes (12)
Changes in edema
The criteria for the determination of edema will follow pre-established measurements: (I) Corner of the eye to angle of the jaw (II) Tragus to the labial commissure and (III) Tragus to pogonion.
Measured: baseline
Changes in mouth opening assessed by the inter-incisor measurement
For evaluation of the presence of trismus the inter-incisor measurement (distance between the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor and lower) will be used with a digital caliper. During clinical examination (one week before the surgery), the patient will be asked to perform his/her maximum mouth opening, which will be measured in millimeters.
Measured: baseline
Changes in local temperature
The local temperature will be measured in the mandibular angle region 2 cm above the lower jaw board (Safety 1st® model "No Touch Forehead", Columbus, USA).
Measured: baseline
Changes in edema
The criteria for the determination of edema will follow pre-established measurements: (I) Corner of the eye to angle of the jaw (II) Tragus to the labial commissure and (III) Tragus to pogonion.
Measured: Postoperative period: 24 hours after surgery
Changes in mouth opening assessed by the inter-incisor measurement
For evaluation of the presence of trismus the inter-incisor measurement (distance between the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor and lower) will be used with a digital caliper. During clinical examination (one week before the surgery), the patient will be asked to perform his/her maximum mouth opening, which will be measured in millimeters.
Measured: Postoperative period: 24 hours after surgery
Changes in local temperature
The local temperature will be measured in the mandibular angle region 2 cm above the lower jaw board (Safety 1st® model "No Touch Forehead", Columbus, USA).
Measured: Postoperative period: 24 hours after surgery
Changes in edema
The criteria for the determination of edema will follow pre-established measurements: (I) Corner of the eye to angle of the jaw (II) Tragus to the labial commissure and (III) Tragus to pogonion.
Measured: Postoperative period: 48 hours after surgery
Changes in mouth opening assessed by the inter-incisor measurement
For evaluation of the presence of trismus the inter-incisor measurement (distance between the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor and lower) will be used with a digital caliper. During clinical examination (one week before the surgery), the patient will be asked to perform his/her maximum mouth opening, which will be measured in millimeters.
Measured: Postoperative period: 48 hours after surgery
Changes in local temperature
The local temperature will be measured in the mandibular angle region 2 cm above the lower jaw board (Safety 1st® model "No Touch Forehead", Columbus, USA).
Measured: Postoperative period: 48 hours after surgery
Changes in edema
The criteria for the determination of edema will follow pre-established measurements: (I) Corner of the eye to angle of the jaw (II) Tragus to the labial commissure and (III) Tragus to pogonion.
Measured: Postoperative period: 7 days after surgery
Changes in mouth opening assessed by the inter-incisor measurement
For evaluation of the presence of trismus the inter-incisor measurement (distance between the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor and lower) will be used with a digital caliper. During clinical examination (one week before the surgery), the patient will be asked to perform his/her maximum mouth opening, which will be measured in millimeters.
Measured: Postoperative period: 7 days after surgery
Changes in local temperature
The local temperature will be measured in the mandibular angle region 2 cm above the lower jaw board (Safety 1st® model "No Touch Forehead", Columbus, USA).
Measured: Postoperative period: 7 days after surgery
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Jan 2016 (estimated)
- Study startAug 2015
- Primary completionNov 2016 (estimated)
- Study completionAug 2017 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Nove de Julho
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, University of Nove de Julho
- Investigators
- Anna Carolina RT Horliana, PhD, Principal investigator, Nove de Julho University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02657174
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1.100.869
- Status last verified
- Jan 2016
- First submitted
- 11 Jan 2016
- Last updated
- 15 Jan 2016
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Sampaio-Filho H, Bussadori SK, Goncalves MLL, da Silva DFT, Borsatto MC, Tortamano IP, Longo PL, Pavani C, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Horliana ACRT. Low-level laser treatment applied at auriculotherapy points to reduce postoperative pain in third molar surgery: A randomized, controlled, single-blinded study. PLoS One. 2018 Jun 19;13(6):e0197989. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197989. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 29920521Sampaio-Filho H, Sotto-Ramos J, Pinto EH, Cabral MR, Longo PL, Tortamano IP, Marcos RL, Silva DF, Pavani C, Horliana AC. Evaluation of low-level laser at auriculotherapy points to reduce postoperative pain in inferior third molar surgery: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016 Sep 2;17(1):432. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1540-9.
PubMed 27590454
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Jan 2016. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Low Level Laser at the Auriculotherapy Points, in Reducing Postoperative Pain in Third Molar Surgery
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02657174
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1.100.869
- Conditions
- Pain
- Keywords
- third molar, auriculotherapy, inflammation, pain
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Nove de JulhoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Aug 2015
- Primary completion
- Nov 2016 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Aug 2017 (estimated)
- First posted
- 15 Jan 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The association between low level laser and auricular acupuncture can be an alternative when conventional drugs are contraindicated or to reduce the quantity of these postoperative medications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of low level laser at auriculotherapy points in reducing postoperative pain in lower third molar surgery. Eighty third molars surgeries will be performed in 40 healthy patients by a split-mouth design. Immediately after surgery, each side of the patient's mouth will be randomly treated with different regimens in a double-blind design: low level laser in auricular acupuncture points or simulation of its use. This treatment will be performed at 24 and 48 hours after surgery. The primary variable is the post-operative pain. The secondary variables are trismus, edema and local temperature. They will be assessed at baseline, 24 hours, 48 hours and seven days after surgery.The blood samples for analysis of systemic inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8) will be assessed at baseline and 24 hours after surgery.
Detailed description
Third molar surgery is the most common surgical procedure in dentistry. A comfortable, fast postoperative return to daily activities has increased the need to control inflammation and its signs and symptoms, such as pain and edema. Anti-inflammatories and analgesics have been used for this purpose, but they are not exempt from adverse effects, such as allergies and chronic gastritis, not to mention the medicine costs. The association between low level laser and auricular acupuncture can be an alternative when conventional drugs are contraindicated or to reduce the quantity of these postoperative medications. Among the advantages, we can mention the low risk of side effects, low cost and simplicity of application. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of low level laser at auriculotherapy points in reducing postoperative pain in lower third molar surgery. Eighty bilateral, symmetrical lower third molars surgeries will be performed in 40 healthy patients. Each patient will be his or her own control, through a split-mouth technique. Immediately after surgery, each side of the patient's mouth will be randomly treated with different regimens in a double-blind design: low level laser in auricular acupuncture points or simulation of its use (contralateral side). This regimen will be repeated at 24 and 48 hours after surgery. All patients will receive the same medication (paracetamol) and will be oriented to take it only if they have pain. Neither the surgeon nor the patients know the assigned treatment. The primary variable is the post-operative pain assessed by visual analog scale, and the secondary variables are trismus, edema, local temperature. Dysphagia and presence of infection (systemic temperature, lymphadenopathy) will also be evaluated. These variables will be assessed at baseline, 24 hours, 48 hours and seven days after surgery. All adverse effects will be recorded. The blood samples for analysis of systemic inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8) will be assessed at baseline and 24 hours after surgery.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| G1- experimental active comparator group | Experimental | Device: low level laser in auricular acupuncture pointsG1 - (Experimental) 40 third molars surgeries will be performed in a conventional manner. At the end of surgery low level laser in auricular acupuncture points will be applied for prevention of inflammation and pain in a split-mouth design. |
| G2- control group | Placebo comparator | Device: low level laser device off in auricular acupuncture pointsG2 - (Control) 40 third molars surgeries will be performed in the conventional manner, identically to the G1. At the end of surgery low level laser device off in auricular acupuncture points will be applied. The patient will receive low level laser with a protection of lead in the laser nozzle, in order to block the passage of light, in the same auricular points used in G1, with split-mouth design. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 28 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- healthy patients (negative medical history)
- teeth in position II B according classification of Pell and Gregory
- third molar with extraction indication (recurrent infections, poor position, orthodontic indication) with professional statement in writing.
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- allergic to any drug used in the research (e.g.paracetamol)
- pregnant or breastfeeding women
- smokers
- patients submitted to radiotherapy in the head and neck, systemic or local infection (e.g., pericoronitis or periodontal abscess)
- patients with injuries or radiolucent images associated with the third molar
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| low level laser in auricular acupuncture points40 third molars surgeries will be performed in a conventional manner. At the end of surgery, low level laser will be applied at auricular points for prevention of inflammation and pain in the immediate post-operative period (baseline).The operator will mark the points that will be irradiated on the outer atrium of the patient with red gel pen to avoid interference with red laser (λ = 660 nm). The low level laser points will be irradiated in the same operated side. | Device | G1- experimental active comparator group |
| low level laser device off in auricular acupuncture points40 surgeries will be performed in the conventional manner, identically to the G1. The patient will receive low level laser with a protection of lead in the laser nozzle, in order to block the passage of light, in the same auricular points used in G1. | Device | G2- control group |
Primary outcome
Change in of post-operative pain by applying a visual analog scale
Time frame: baseline
The pain will be assessed by applying a visual analog scale, consisting of a 100-mm line numbered in centimeters, with two closed ends. One end is labeled "0" and the other "100", meaning no pain and terrible pain, respectively. Each patient will be instructed to mark a vertical line with the point that best matches the intensity of pain during the evaluation. Instructions on marking will always be given to the patient by the same operator.
Change in of post-operative pain by applying a visual analog scale
Time frame: Postoperative period: 24 hours after surgery
The pain will be assessed by applying a visual analog scale, consisting of a 100-mm line numbered in centimeters, with two closed ends. One end is labeled "0" and the other "100", meaning no pain and terrible pain, respectively. Each patient will be instructed to mark a vertical line with the point that best matches the intensity of pain during the evaluation. Instructions on marking will always be given to the patient by the same operator.
Change in of post-operative pain by applying a visual analog scale
Time frame: Postoperative period: 48 hours after surgery
The pain will be assessed by applying a visual analog scale, consisting of a 100-mm line numbered in centimeters, with two closed ends. One end is labeled "0" and the other "100", meaning no pain and terrible pain, respectively. Each patient will be instructed to mark a vertical line with the point that best matches the intensity of pain during the evaluation. Instructions on marking will always be given to the patient by the same operator.
Change in of post-operative pain by applying a visual analog scale
Time frame: Postoperative period: 7 days after surgery
The pain will be assessed by applying a visual analog scale, consisting of a 100-mm line numbered in centimeters, with two closed ends. One end is labeled "0" and the other "100", meaning no pain and terrible pain, respectively. Each patient will be instructed to mark a vertical line with the point that best matches the intensity of pain during the evaluation. Instructions on marking will always be given to the patient by the same operator.
12 secondary outcomes
Changes in edema
Time frame: baseline
Changes in mouth opening assessed by the inter-incisor measurement
Time frame: baseline
Changes in local temperature
Time frame: baseline
Changes in edema
Time frame: Postoperative period: 24 hours after surgery
Changes in mouth opening assessed by the inter-incisor measurement
Time frame: Postoperative period: 24 hours after surgery
Changes in local temperature
Time frame: Postoperative period: 24 hours after surgery
Changes in edema
Time frame: Postoperative period: 48 hours after surgery
Changes in mouth opening assessed by the inter-incisor measurement
Time frame: Postoperative period: 48 hours after surgery
Changes in local temperature
Time frame: Postoperative period: 48 hours after surgery
Changes in edema
Time frame: Postoperative period: 7 days after surgery
Changes in mouth opening assessed by the inter-incisor measurement
Time frame: Postoperative period: 7 days after surgery
Changes in local temperature
Time frame: Postoperative period: 7 days after surgery
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Jan 2016.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 29920521Sampaio-Filho H, Bussadori SK, Goncalves MLL, da Silva DFT, Borsatto MC, Tortamano IP, Longo PL, Pavani C, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Horliana ACRT. Low-level laser treatment applied at auriculotherapy points to reduce postoperative pain in third molar surgery: A randomized, controlled, single-blinded study. PLoS One. 2018 Jun 19;13(6):e0197989. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197989. eCollection 2018.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 27590454Sampaio-Filho H, Sotto-Ramos J, Pinto EH, Cabral MR, Longo PL, Tortamano IP, Marcos RL, Silva DF, Pavani C, Horliana AC. Evaluation of low-level laser at auriculotherapy points to reduce postoperative pain in inferior third molar surgery: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016 Sep 2;17(1):432. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1540-9.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Anna Carolina RT Horliana, PhD contact
Helio S Filho, Ms contact
Anna Carolina RT Horliana, PhD principal investigator
Nove de Julho University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing low level laser in auricular acupuncture points and low level laser device off in auricular acupuncture points in people with Pain, run by University of Nove de Julho at 1 site in Brazil.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Jan 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Brazil. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Anna Carolina RT Horliana, PhD (annacrth@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in of post-operative pain by applying a visual analog scale (time frame: baseline). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02657174, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Jan 2016.