Tooth LossNCT02699866
Implant Survival After Insertion of Bone Level Tapered (BLT) Implant Ø 2.9 mm in the Clinical Practice Setting
A study testing BLT Implant Ø 2.9 mm in people with Tooth Loss, run by Institut Straumann AG at 5 sites in Germany.
Trial summary
The Straumann Bone Level Tapered (BLT) implant Ø 2.9 mm implant was developed to allow treatment of patients with single tooth gaps of small dimensions in the lateral and central incisor positions in the mandible and in the lateral incisor positions in the maxilla. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Tooth Loss
- What is being tested?
- BLT Implant Ø 2.9 mm
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 46 participants
- Where
- 5 sitesGermany
- Study dates
- Feb 2016to 30 Nov 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients must have voluntarily signed the Informed Consent Form before any study related procedures are performed, are willing and able to attend scheduled follow-up visits and agree that the pseudonymized data are collected and analyzed.
- Patients must be males or females who are a minimum of 18 years of age.
- Patients with a minimum of 4 weeks history of edentulism in the study area, minimal interdental space and in need of a single tooth replacement with a dental implant central and lateral incisors in the mandible and lateral incisors in the maxilla (Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) positions 12, 22, 31, 32, 41 or 42).
- Presence of natural tooth or implants adjacent to the study implant position (single tooth gap).
- Patients with complete soft tissue coverage of the socket at implant placement.
Who cannot join
- Patients with inadequate bone volume and / or quality or metabolic bone disorder.
- Patients with local root remnants.
- Patients with inadequate wound healing capacity.
- Patients with not completed maxillary and mandibular growth.
- Patients with serious internal medical problems, uncontrolled bleeding disorders, psychoses, prolonged therapy-resistant functional disorders, xerostomia, weakened immune system, illnesses requiring periodic use of steroids or uncontrollable endocrine disorders.
- Patients with poor general state of health.
Show all 10Show fewer
- Patients with drug or alcohol abuse.
- Patients with allergies or hypersensitivity to chemical ingredients of titanium-zirconium alloy.
- Patients with conditions or circumstances, in the opinion of the Investigator, which would prevent completion of study participation or interfere with analysis of study results, such as history of non-compliance or unreliability.
- A woman who is pregnant or planning to become pregnant at any point during the study duration.
Trial locations and contacts
5 sites in 1 country.
5 sites in 1 country
Germany5 sites
Kieferchirurgische Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr. Dr. Stroink & Kollegen
Düsseldorf, 40210
Medi+
Mainz, 55128
Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Klinik für Mund-Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgie, Plastische Operationen
Mainz, 55131
Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie
Münster, 48149
Kieferchirurgische Praxen Hentschel & Herrmann
Zwickau, 08056
About this study
Official title: A Multi-Center, Prospective, Single Cohort, Post-Market Clinical Follow-Up (PMCF) Study to Assess Implant Survival After Insertion of Straumann® Bone Level Tapered (BLT) Implant Ø 2.9 mm in the Clinical Practice Setting
The Straumann Bone Level Tapered (BLT) implant Ø 2.9 mm implant was developed to allow treatment of patients with single tooth gaps of small dimensions in the lateral and central incisor positions in the mandible and in the lateral incisor positions in the maxilla. These positions are reduced-load-bearing compared to more posterior positions.
During this study performance and safety of the Straumann BLT implants Ø 2.9 mm in the clinical practice setting will be investigated.
Read the detailed description
This is a multi-center, prospective, single cohort, post-market clinical follow-up (PMCF) study. The total study duration for each patient should be 12 ± 1 months.
Straumann BLT implants Ø 2.9 mm will be placed in central and lateral incisors in the mandible and lateral incisors in the maxilla for single tooth replacement, followed by provisional prosthetic loading after 6 ± 2 weeks and by final prosthetic loading 4 ± 1 months after implant placements.
In total 7 visits per patient are scheduled in this study. Implant survival, PES, implant success, bone level changes and adverse events (AEs) will be assessed.
The investigational device is a CE-(Conformité Européenne, meaning European Conformity) marked product. Straumann BLT implants Ø 2.9 mm Roxolid SLActive (sand blasted, large grit, acid etched surface) are available in lengths of 10, 12 and 14 mm.
Four centers in Germany will participate. The study and any amendments will be performed as far as possible according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14155 and conform to the Declaration of Helsinki (last revision Fortaleza 2013) and local legal and regulatory requirements.
- Conditions
- Tooth Loss
- Being tested
- BLT Implant Ø 2.9 mm
- Keywords
- Small diameter implant
- Medical subject headings
- Tooth Loss
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
BLT Implant Ø 2.9 mmDevice
Also called Short Diameter Implant (SDI)
Placement of Straumann BLT implants Ø 2.9 mm in central and lateral incisors in the mandible and lateral incisors in the maxilla for single tooth replacement followed by prosthetic loading.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| BLT Implant Ø 2.9 mm | Experimental | The Straumann BLT Implants Ø 2.9 mm are available with a length of 10, 12 and 14 mm. Receives: Device: BLT Implant Ø 2.9 mm |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Implant Survival Rate at 12 Months After Implant Placement
A "surviving implant" is an implant stably inserted in the subject's jaw bone at the time of assessment.
Measured: 12 months after implant placement
Secondary outcomes (1)
Pink Esthetic Score (PES) at 6 Months After Implant Placement
The Pink esthetic score allows an objective evaluation of peri-implant soft tissue of single tooth implants based on 7 variables and is highly reproducible. Each variable will be assessed using a 0-1-2 scoring system; 0 being the lowest, and 2 being the highest value. The minimum achievable PES is 0 and the maximum score is 14. The higher the value, the better the outcome.
Measured: 6 months after implant placement
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Mar 2016 (estimated)
- Study startFeb 2016
- Primary completion30 Jun 2019
- Study completion30 Nov 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Tooth LossStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 46 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Institut Straumann AG
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Keyvan Sagheb, Dr., Principal investigator, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Klinik für Mund-Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgie, Plastische Operationen
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02699866
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CR02/15
- Status last verified
- Aug 2021
- First submitted
- 1 Mar 2016
- Last updated
- 31 Aug 2021
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Steinemann SG. Titanium--the material of choice? Periodontol 2000. 1998 Jun;17:7-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1998.tb00119.x. No abstract available.
PubMed 10337309Gottlow J, Dard M, Kjellson F, Obrecht M, Sennerby L. Evaluation of a new titanium-zirconium dental implant: a biomechanical and histological comparative study in the mini pig. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012 Aug;14(4):538-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2010.00289.x. Epub 2010 Jun 25.
PubMed 20586785Kobayashi E, Matsumoto S, Doi H, Yoneyama T, Hamanaka H. Mechanical properties of the binary titanium-zirconium alloys and their potential for biomedical materials. J Biomed Mater Res. 1995 Aug;29(8):943-50. doi: 10.1002/jbm.820290805.
PubMed 7593037Al-Nawas B, Bragger U, Meijer HJ, Naert I, Persson R, Perucchi A, Quirynen M, Raghoebar GM, Reichert TE, Romeo E, Santing HJ, Schimmel M, Storelli S, ten Bruggenkate C, Vandekerckhove B, Wagner W, Wismeijer D, Muller F. A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Titanium-13Zirconium versus Titanium Grade IV small-diameter bone level implants in edentulous mandibles--results from a 1-year observation period. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012 Dec;14(6):896-904. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2010.00324.x. Epub 2011 Mar 17.
PubMed 21414131Benic GI, Gallucci GO, Mokti M, Hammerle CH, Weber HP, Jung RE. Titanium-zirconium narrow-diameter versus titanium regular-diameter implants for anterior and premolar single crowns: 1-year results of a randomized controlled clinical study. J Clin Periodontol. 2013 Nov;40(11):1052-61. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12156. Epub 2013 Sep 8.
PubMed 24015975Al-Nawas B, Domagala P, Fragola G, Freiberger P, Ortiz-Vigon A, Rousseau P, Tondela J. A Prospective Noninterventional Study to Evaluate Survival and Success of Reduced Diameter Implants Made From Titanium-Zirconium Alloy. J Oral Implantol. 2015 Aug;41(4):e118-25. doi: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-13-00149. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
PubMed 24666383Quirynen M, Al-Nawas B, Meijer HJ, Razavi A, Reichert TE, Schimmel M, Storelli S, Romeo E; Roxolid Study Group. Small-diameter titanium Grade IV and titanium-zirconium implants in edentulous mandibles: three-year results from a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015 Jul;26(7):831-40. doi: 10.1111/clr.12367. Epub 2014 Apr 9.
PubMed 24713048Klein MO, Schiegnitz E, Al-Nawas B. Systematic review on success of narrow-diameter dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2014;29 Suppl:43-54. doi: 10.11607/jomi.2014suppl.g1.3.
PubMed 24660189Hammerle CH, Chen ST, Wilson TG Jr. Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding the placement of implants in extraction sockets. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19 Suppl:26-8. No abstract available.
PubMed 15635943Mombelli A, van Oosten MA, Schurch E Jr, Land NP. The microbiota associated with successful or failing osseointegrated titanium implants. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1987 Dec;2(4):145-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1987.tb00298.x. No abstract available.
PubMed 3507627Buser D, Martin W, Belser UC. Optimizing esthetics for implant restorations in the anterior maxilla: anatomic and surgical considerations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19 Suppl:43-61.
PubMed 15635945Furhauser R, Florescu D, Benesch T, Haas R, Mailath G, Watzek G. Evaluation of soft tissue around single-tooth implant crowns: the pink esthetic score. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005 Dec;16(6):639-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01193.x.
PubMed 16307569Laurell L, Lundgren D. Marginal bone level changes at dental implants after 5 years in function: a meta-analysis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2011 Mar;13(1):19-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2009.00182.x.
PubMed 19681932Walter C, Sagheb K, Blatt S, Klein MO, Herrmann J, Kleinheinz J, Al-Nawas B. Evaluation of the clinical safety and performance of a narrow diameter (2.9 mm) bone-level implant: a 1-year prospective single-arm multicenter study. Int J Implant Dent. 2023 Sep 19;9(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s40729-023-00495-x.
PubMed 37725234
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Aug 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Multi-Center, Prospective, Single Cohort, Post-Market Clinical Follow-Up (PMCF) Study to Assess Implant Survival After Insertion of Straumann® Bone Level Tapered (BLT) Implant Ø 2.9 mm in the Clinical Practice Setting
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02699866
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CR02/15
- Conditions
- Tooth Loss
- Keywords
- Small diameter implant
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 46 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Institut Straumann AGIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Study start
- Feb 2016
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Nov 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Mar 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 17 Sep 2020
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The Straumann Bone Level Tapered (BLT) implant Ø 2.9 mm implant was developed to allow treatment of patients with single tooth gaps of small dimensions in the lateral and central incisor positions in the mandible and in the lateral incisor positions in the maxilla. These positions are reduced-load-bearing compared to more posterior positions.
During this study performance and safety of the Straumann BLT implants Ø 2.9 mm in the clinical practice setting will be investigated.
Detailed description
This is a multi-center, prospective, single cohort, post-market clinical follow-up (PMCF) study. The total study duration for each patient should be 12 ± 1 months.
Straumann BLT implants Ø 2.9 mm will be placed in central and lateral incisors in the mandible and lateral incisors in the maxilla for single tooth replacement, followed by provisional prosthetic loading after 6 ± 2 weeks and by final prosthetic loading 4 ± 1 months after implant placements.
In total 7 visits per patient are scheduled in this study. Implant survival, PES, implant success, bone level changes and adverse events (AEs) will be assessed.
The investigational device is a CE-(Conformité Européenne, meaning European Conformity) marked product. Straumann BLT implants Ø 2.9 mm Roxolid SLActive (sand blasted, large grit, acid etched surface) are available in lengths of 10, 12 and 14 mm.
Four centers in Germany will participate. The study and any amendments will be performed as far as possible according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14155 and conform to the Declaration of Helsinki (last revision Fortaleza 2013) and local legal and regulatory requirements.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| BLT Implant Ø 2.9 mm | Experimental | Device: BLT Implant Ø 2.9 mmThe Straumann BLT Implants Ø 2.9 mm are available with a length of 10, 12 and 14 mm. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patients must have voluntarily signed the Informed Consent Form before any study related procedures are performed, are willing and able to attend scheduled follow-up visits and agree that the pseudonymized data are collected and analyzed.
- Patients must be males or females who are a minimum of 18 years of age.
- Patients with a minimum of 4 weeks history of edentulism in the study area, minimal interdental space and in need of a single tooth replacement with a dental implant central and lateral incisors in the mandible and lateral incisors in the maxilla (Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) positions 12, 22, 31, 32, 41 or 42).
- Presence of natural tooth or implants adjacent to the study implant position (single tooth gap).
- Patients with complete soft tissue coverage of the socket at implant placement.
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Patients with inadequate bone volume and / or quality or metabolic bone disorder.
- Patients with local root remnants.
- Patients with inadequate wound healing capacity.
- Patients with not completed maxillary and mandibular growth.
- Patients with serious internal medical problems, uncontrolled bleeding disorders, psychoses, prolonged therapy-resistant functional disorders, xerostomia, weakened immune system, illnesses requiring periodic use of steroids or uncontrollable endocrine disorders.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| BLT Implant Ø 2.9 mmAlso: Short Diameter Implant (SDI)Placement of Straumann BLT implants Ø 2.9 mm in central and lateral incisors in the mandible and lateral incisors in the maxilla for single tooth replacement followed by prosthetic loading. | Device | BLT Implant Ø 2.9 mm |
Primary outcome
Implant Survival Rate at 12 Months After Implant Placement
Time frame: 12 months after implant placement
A "surviving implant" is an implant stably inserted in the subject's jaw bone at the time of assessment.
1 secondary outcome
Pink Esthetic Score (PES) at 6 Months After Implant Placement
Time frame: 6 months after implant placement
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Aug 2021.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 10337309Steinemann SG. Titanium--the material of choice? Periodontol 2000. 1998 Jun;17:7-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1998.tb00119.x. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 20586785Gottlow J, Dard M, Kjellson F, Obrecht M, Sennerby L. Evaluation of a new titanium-zirconium dental implant: a biomechanical and histological comparative study in the mini pig. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012 Aug;14(4):538-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2010.00289.x. Epub 2010 Jun 25.
- Background: PubMed 7593037Kobayashi E, Matsumoto S, Doi H, Yoneyama T, Hamanaka H. Mechanical properties of the binary titanium-zirconium alloys and their potential for biomedical materials. J Biomed Mater Res. 1995 Aug;29(8):943-50. doi: 10.1002/jbm.820290805.
- Background: PubMed 21414131Al-Nawas B, Bragger U, Meijer HJ, Naert I, Persson R, Perucchi A, Quirynen M, Raghoebar GM, Reichert TE, Romeo E, Santing HJ, Schimmel M, Storelli S, ten Bruggenkate C, Vandekerckhove B, Wagner W, Wismeijer D, Muller F. A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Titanium-13Zirconium versus Titanium Grade IV small-diameter bone level implants in edentulous mandibles--results from a 1-year observation period. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012 Dec;14(6):896-904. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2010.00324.x. Epub 2011 Mar 17.
- Background: PubMed 24015975Benic GI, Gallucci GO, Mokti M, Hammerle CH, Weber HP, Jung RE. Titanium-zirconium narrow-diameter versus titanium regular-diameter implants for anterior and premolar single crowns: 1-year results of a randomized controlled clinical study. J Clin Periodontol. 2013 Nov;40(11):1052-61. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12156. Epub 2013 Sep 8.
- Background: PubMed 24666383Al-Nawas B, Domagala P, Fragola G, Freiberger P, Ortiz-Vigon A, Rousseau P, Tondela J. A Prospective Noninterventional Study to Evaluate Survival and Success of Reduced Diameter Implants Made From Titanium-Zirconium Alloy. J Oral Implantol. 2015 Aug;41(4):e118-25. doi: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-13-00149. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
- Background: PubMed 24713048Quirynen M, Al-Nawas B, Meijer HJ, Razavi A, Reichert TE, Schimmel M, Storelli S, Romeo E; Roxolid Study Group. Small-diameter titanium Grade IV and titanium-zirconium implants in edentulous mandibles: three-year results from a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015 Jul;26(7):831-40. doi: 10.1111/clr.12367. Epub 2014 Apr 9.
- Background: PubMed 24660189Klein MO, Schiegnitz E, Al-Nawas B. Systematic review on success of narrow-diameter dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2014;29 Suppl:43-54. doi: 10.11607/jomi.2014suppl.g1.3.
- Background: PubMed 15635943Hammerle CH, Chen ST, Wilson TG Jr. Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding the placement of implants in extraction sockets. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19 Suppl:26-8. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 3507627Mombelli A, van Oosten MA, Schurch E Jr, Land NP. The microbiota associated with successful or failing osseointegrated titanium implants. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1987 Dec;2(4):145-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1987.tb00298.x. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 15635945Buser D, Martin W, Belser UC. Optimizing esthetics for implant restorations in the anterior maxilla: anatomic and surgical considerations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19 Suppl:43-61.
- Background: PubMed 16307569Furhauser R, Florescu D, Benesch T, Haas R, Mailath G, Watzek G. Evaluation of soft tissue around single-tooth implant crowns: the pink esthetic score. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005 Dec;16(6):639-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01193.x.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Keyvan Sagheb, Dr. principal investigator
Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Klinik für Mund-Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgie, Plastische Operationen
5 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing BLT Implant Ø 2.9 mm in people with Tooth Loss, run by Institut Straumann AG at 5 sites in Germany.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Aug 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 5 sites in Germany. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 17 Sep 2020). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Implant Survival Rate at 12 Months After Implant Placement (time frame: 12 months after implant placement). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02699866, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Aug 2021.