TuberculosisNCT02911740
Additive Benefit of the Urine LAM Test to Current TB Diagnostics in HIV Positive Adults in Panama City, Panama
A study testing Urine LAM Ag test in people with Tuberculosis and HIV, run by University of Florida.
Trial summary
Tuberculosis (TB) is one opportunistic infection often seen in HIV individuals. In 2013, there were an estimated 31,800 HIV-TB co-infection cases and 6,100 HIV-related deaths due to TB in the Americas. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Tuberculosis, HIV, Histoplasmosis
- What is being tested?
- Urine LAM Ag test
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 0 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Nov 2017to Aug 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- HIV positive adult, and
- Admitted to Hospital Santo Tomas, and
- history of fevers, and
- Two or more of the following symptoms:
- cough
- shortness of breath
Show all 10Show fewer
- night sweats
- weight loss
- fatigue
- loss of appetite
Who cannot join
- Under 18 yrs of age, or
- Already on TB therapy, or
- Anuric
About this study
Official title: Investigating the Additive Benefit of the Urine Lipoarabinomannan Test to Current TB Diagnostics Among HIV+ Adults in Panama City, Panama
Tuberculosis (TB) is one opportunistic infection often seen in HIV individuals. In 2013, there were an estimated 31,800 HIV-TB co-infection cases and 6,100 HIV-related deaths due to TB in the Americas. Due to the non-specific nature of its clinical symptoms, TB can be confused with various diseases such as histoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and pneumonia. In Panama, where Histoplasma capsulatum is endemic, diagnosing TB versus histoplasmosis based on clinical symptoms can be difficult. In Panama, approximately 7.65% of HIV patients are co-infected with histoplasmosis, and there is a 30% mortality rate in HIV-histoplasmosis patients in Latin America. Due to similar clinical features, misdiagnosis of active TB and disseminated histoplasmosis in endemic regions may lead to incorrect antibiotic management, which in turn results in unnecessary toxicity, antibiotic resistance, and monetary expenditures. The investigators interests lie in increasing TB diagnostic accuracy using a simple urine dipstick test and evaluating physician response to new diagnostic testing, in order to reduce misdiagnosis and improve health outcomes in the HIV population.
Read the detailed description
The gold standard for TB diagnosis, mycobacterial culture, is limited by a slow turnaround time, the need for skilled technicians and biosafety level 3 facilities. Another diagnostic test, Xpert MTB/RIF, produces same-day results, boasts a specificity of 98%, but is limited in the HIV population by its sensitivity of 67% (with a single sputum sample). High costs associated with this test have presented a major obstacle to its routine use (US$65,500 for a 16-module instrument, and US$9.98 to US$18.00 per cartridge). The urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) Ag test has a specificity of 98.6% and a sensitivity of 66.7% in patients with a CD4 count below 50. LAM is a 17.5kD glycolipid and virulence factor of mycobacteria. The test's sensitivity improves in advanced HIV cases because of the higher bacillary burden, more frequent disseminated TB, and greater concentration of urine antigen due to less antigen-antibody formation, and HIV nephropathy. The test strip contains its own positive and negative controls for quality assurance, and can utilize fresh urine samples stored at room temperature for up to 8 hours after collection. In the right clinical setting, the urine LAM Ag test could have an important additive benefit in TB diagnosis in HIV individuals when combined with the current standards of care.
This study is investigating how physician management and patient outcomes change when the urine LAM test is added to the current TB diagnostic tests (mycobacterial cultures and occasional use of Xpert MTB/RIF). The national referral hospital in Panama, Hospital Santo Tomás, is an ideal study site given its dedicated HIV inpatient service and high TB and histoplasmosis burden. Histoplasmosis diagnosis is often based on clinical symptoms alone, and less frequently confirmed by skin or bone marrow biopsy. Due to diagnostic uncertainty, 40% of HIV patients with fever and cough receive dual TB and histoplasmosis therapy. Their current standard of TB care includes sputum AFB microscopy and culture. However, rapid results are only available for the sputum AFB, which has a sensitivity of approximately 30%. The urine LAM Ag test is not presently used there. When combined with the urine LAM Ag test, sputum AFB has a sensitivity of 25% (if CD4>200) to 72% (if CD4<50). Over the next year, investigators plan to study changes in physician diagnostic classification and management decisions before and after the introduction of the urine LAM Ag test. This information would not only aid in TB diagnosis, but also in the investigators understanding of how physicians integrate new information.
The main objective is to determine the effect of urine LAM Ag test results in reducing dual TB/histoplasmosis therapy, by comparing the rate and duration of dual therapy in the urine LAM group to a retrospective control group. The investigators second objective is to investigate barriers to incorporating the urine LAM Ag test and how the results impact physicians' approaches to treatment using a physician questionnaire.
A clinical trial study will be conducted using HIV positive patients from June 2016 to June 2017 who present with pertinent clinical criteria at Hospital Santo Tomás. Following urine LAM Ag test administration, results will immediately be provided to the treating physicians. The control group will consist of retrospectively selected patients from the Hospital Santo Tomás database who fit the same inclusion and exclusion, matched for age, sex, and clinical severity. Patient outcome data will be collected from the day of hospital admittance to their time of discharge. Following the conclusion of data collection, consenting physicians will be interviewed on benefits and barriers to incorporating the urine LAM Ag test within their practice.
- Conditions
- Tuberculosis, HIV, Histoplasmosis
- Being tested
- Urine LAM Ag test
- Medical subject headings
- Tuberculosis, Histoplasmosis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Urine LAM Ag testOther
TB diagnostic assay
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Urine LAM Ag test | Experimental | Patients will be enrolled prospectively and tested for TB using the urine LAM Ag test Receives: Other: Urine LAM Ag test |
| Retrospective arm | No intervention | Charts of retrospectively selected patients from the Hospital Santo Tomas database who presented within the last five years meeting inclusion criteria will be used as controls |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Dual therapy duration
The number of days that anti-histoplasmosis and anti-tubercular medications are co-administered
Measured: 1 Week
Physician questionnaire
The questionnaire will be measured by Physician responses of Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, or Strongly Disagree.
Measured: 1 year
Secondary outcomes (3)
Creatinine change during hospitalization
The change in baseline and peak creatinine levels during hospitalization
Measured: 1 week
Number of diagnostic tests performed during hospitalization
Number of diagnostic tests performed during hospitalization
Measured: 1 week
Mortality during hospital stay
Mortality during hospital stay
Measured: 1 week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Sep 2016 (estimated)
- Study startNov 2017 (estimated)
- Primary completionAug 2018 (estimated)
- Study completionAug 2018 (estimated)
Why it stopped: Not IRB approved
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for TuberculosisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of FloridaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Florida
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Hospital Santo Tomas
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Amy Y Vittor, MD PHD, Principal investigator, University of Florida
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02911740
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IRB201600869
- Status last verified
- Dec 2017
- First submitted
- 21 Jul 2016
- Last updated
- 26 Dec 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Gutierrez ME, Canton A, Sosa N, Puga E, Talavera L. Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS in Panama: a review of 104 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Apr 15;40(8):1199-202. doi: 10.1086/428842. Epub 2005 Mar 2.
PubMed 15791523Colombo AL, Tobon A, Restrepo A, Queiroz-Telles F, Nucci M. Epidemiology of endemic systemic fungal infections in Latin America. Med Mycol. 2011 Nov;49(8):785-98. doi: 10.3109/13693786.2011.577821. Epub 2011 May 4.
PubMed 21539506Vittor AY, Garland JM, Schlossberg D. Improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis: From QuantiFERON to new techniques to diagnose tuberculosis infections. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2011 Sep;8(3):153-63. doi: 10.1007/s11904-011-0083-7.
PubMed 21660459Van Rie A, Page-Shipp L, Hanrahan CF, Schnippel K, Dansey H, Bassett J, Clouse K, Scott L, Stevens W, Sanne I. Point-of-care Xpert(R) MTB/RIF for smear-negative tuberculosis suspects at a primary care clinic in South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013 Mar;17(3):368-72. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0392.
PubMed 23407225Lawn SD. Point-of-care detection of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine for diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis: a state of the art review. BMC Infect Dis. 2012 Apr 26;12:103. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-103.
PubMed 22536883Wheat LJ, Connolly-Stringfield PA, Baker RL, Curfman MF, Eads ME, Israel KS, Norris SA, Webb DH, Zeckel ML. Disseminated histoplasmosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment, and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1990 Nov;69(6):361-74. doi: 10.1097/00005792-199011000-00004.
PubMed 2233233Laurence YV, Griffiths UK, Vassall A. Costs to Health Services and the Patient of Treating Tuberculosis: A Systematic Literature Review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015 Sep;33(9):939-55. doi: 10.1007/s40273-015-0279-6.
PubMed 25939501Rudolf F, Joaquim LC, Vieira C, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Andersen A, Erlandsen M, Sodemann M, Andersen PL, Wejse C. The Bandim tuberculosis score: reliability and comparison with the Karnofsky performance score. Scand J Infect Dis. 2013 Apr;45(4):256-64. doi: 10.3109/00365548.2012.731077. Epub 2012 Oct 31.
PubMed 23113626
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Dec 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Investigating the Additive Benefit of the Urine Lipoarabinomannan Test to Current TB Diagnostics Among HIV+ Adults in Panama City, Panama
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02911740
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IRB201600869
- Conditions
- Tuberculosis, HIV, Histoplasmosis
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- WithdrawnReason stopped: Not IRB approved
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of FloridaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Hospital Santo Tomas
- Study start
- Nov 2017 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Aug 2018 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Aug 2018 (estimated)
- First posted
- 22 Sep 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Tuberculosis (TB) is one opportunistic infection often seen in HIV individuals. In 2013, there were an estimated 31,800 HIV-TB co-infection cases and 6,100 HIV-related deaths due to TB in the Americas. Due to the non-specific nature of its clinical symptoms, TB can be confused with various diseases such as histoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and pneumonia. In Panama, where Histoplasma capsulatum is endemic, diagnosing TB versus histoplasmosis based on clinical symptoms can be difficult. In Panama, approximately 7.65% of HIV patients are co-infected with histoplasmosis, and there is a 30% mortality rate in HIV-histoplasmosis patients in Latin America. Due to similar clinical features, misdiagnosis of active TB and disseminated histoplasmosis in endemic regions may lead to incorrect antibiotic management, which in turn results in unnecessary toxicity, antibiotic resistance, and monetary expenditures. The investigators interests lie in increasing TB diagnostic accuracy using a simple urine dipstick test and evaluating physician response to new diagnostic testing, in order to reduce misdiagnosis and improve health outcomes in the HIV population.
Detailed description
The gold standard for TB diagnosis, mycobacterial culture, is limited by a slow turnaround time, the need for skilled technicians and biosafety level 3 facilities. Another diagnostic test, Xpert MTB/RIF, produces same-day results, boasts a specificity of 98%, but is limited in the HIV population by its sensitivity of 67% (with a single sputum sample). High costs associated with this test have presented a major obstacle to its routine use (US$65,500 for a 16-module instrument, and US$9.98 to US$18.00 per cartridge). The urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) Ag test has a specificity of 98.6% and a sensitivity of 66.7% in patients with a CD4 count below 50. LAM is a 17.5kD glycolipid and virulence factor of mycobacteria. The test's sensitivity improves in advanced HIV cases because of the higher bacillary burden, more frequent disseminated TB, and greater concentration of urine antigen due to less antigen-antibody formation, and HIV nephropathy. The test strip contains its own positive and negative controls for quality assurance, and can utilize fresh urine samples stored at room temperature for up to 8 hours after collection. In the right clinical setting, the urine LAM Ag test could have an important additive benefit in TB diagnosis in HIV individuals when combined with the current standards of care.
This study is investigating how physician management and patient outcomes change when the urine LAM test is added to the current TB diagnostic tests (mycobacterial cultures and occasional use of Xpert MTB/RIF). The national referral hospital in Panama, Hospital Santo Tomás, is an ideal study site given its dedicated HIV inpatient service and high TB and histoplasmosis burden. Histoplasmosis diagnosis is often based on clinical symptoms alone, and less frequently confirmed by skin or bone marrow biopsy. Due to diagnostic uncertainty, 40% of HIV patients with fever and cough receive dual TB and histoplasmosis therapy. Their current standard of TB care includes sputum AFB microscopy and culture. However, rapid results are only available for the sputum AFB, which has a sensitivity of approximately 30%. The urine LAM Ag test is not presently used there. When combined with the urine LAM Ag test, sputum AFB has a sensitivity of 25% (if CD4>200) to 72% (if CD4<50). Over the next year, investigators plan to study changes in physician diagnostic classification and management decisions before and after the introduction of the urine LAM Ag test. This information would not only aid in TB diagnosis, but also in the investigators understanding of how physicians integrate new information.
The main objective is to determine the effect of urine LAM Ag test results in reducing dual TB/histoplasmosis therapy, by comparing the rate and duration of dual therapy in the urine LAM group to a retrospective control group. The investigators second objective is to investigate barriers to incorporating the urine LAM Ag test and how the results impact physicians' approaches to treatment using a physician questionnaire.
A clinical trial study will be conducted using HIV positive patients from June 2016 to June 2017 who present with pertinent clinical criteria at Hospital Santo Tomás. Following urine LAM Ag test administration, results will immediately be provided to the treating physicians. The control group will consist of retrospectively selected patients from the Hospital Santo Tomás database who fit the same inclusion and exclusion, matched for age, sex, and clinical severity. Patient outcome data will be collected from the day of hospital admittance to their time of discharge. Following the conclusion of data collection, consenting physicians will be interviewed on benefits and barriers to incorporating the urine LAM Ag test within their practice.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Urine LAM Ag test | Experimental | Other: Urine LAM Ag testPatients will be enrolled prospectively and tested for TB using the urine LAM Ag test |
| Retrospective arm | No intervention | –Charts of retrospectively selected patients from the Hospital Santo Tomas database who presented within the last five years meeting inclusion criteria will be used as controls |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (10 listed)
- HIV positive adult, and
- Admitted to Hospital Santo Tomas, and
- history of fevers, and
- Two or more of the following symptoms:
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Under 18 yrs of age, or
- Already on TB therapy, or
- Anuric
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Urine LAM Ag testTB diagnostic assay | Other | Urine LAM Ag test |
Primary outcome
Dual therapy duration
Time frame: 1 Week
The number of days that anti-histoplasmosis and anti-tubercular medications are co-administered
Physician questionnaire
Time frame: 1 year
The questionnaire will be measured by Physician responses of Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, or Strongly Disagree.
3 secondary outcomes
Creatinine change during hospitalization
Time frame: 1 week
Number of diagnostic tests performed during hospitalization
Time frame: 1 week
Mortality during hospital stay
Time frame: 1 week
Results and safety
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Dec 2017.
- Background: PubMed 15791523Gutierrez ME, Canton A, Sosa N, Puga E, Talavera L. Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS in Panama: a review of 104 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Apr 15;40(8):1199-202. doi: 10.1086/428842. Epub 2005 Mar 2.
- Background: PubMed 21539506Colombo AL, Tobon A, Restrepo A, Queiroz-Telles F, Nucci M. Epidemiology of endemic systemic fungal infections in Latin America. Med Mycol. 2011 Nov;49(8):785-98. doi: 10.3109/13693786.2011.577821. Epub 2011 May 4.
- Background: PubMed 21660459Vittor AY, Garland JM, Schlossberg D. Improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis: From QuantiFERON to new techniques to diagnose tuberculosis infections. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2011 Sep;8(3):153-63. doi: 10.1007/s11904-011-0083-7.
- Background: PubMed 23407225Van Rie A, Page-Shipp L, Hanrahan CF, Schnippel K, Dansey H, Bassett J, Clouse K, Scott L, Stevens W, Sanne I. Point-of-care Xpert(R) MTB/RIF for smear-negative tuberculosis suspects at a primary care clinic in South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013 Mar;17(3):368-72. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0392.
- Background: PubMed 22536883Lawn SD. Point-of-care detection of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine for diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis: a state of the art review. BMC Infect Dis. 2012 Apr 26;12:103. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-103.
- Background: PubMed 2233233Wheat LJ, Connolly-Stringfield PA, Baker RL, Curfman MF, Eads ME, Israel KS, Norris SA, Webb DH, Zeckel ML. Disseminated histoplasmosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment, and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1990 Nov;69(6):361-74. doi: 10.1097/00005792-199011000-00004.
- Background: PubMed 25939501Laurence YV, Griffiths UK, Vassall A. Costs to Health Services and the Patient of Treating Tuberculosis: A Systematic Literature Review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015 Sep;33(9):939-55. doi: 10.1007/s40273-015-0279-6.
- Background: PubMed 23113626Rudolf F, Joaquim LC, Vieira C, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Andersen A, Erlandsen M, Sodemann M, Andersen PL, Wejse C. The Bandim tuberculosis score: reliability and comparison with the Karnofsky performance score. Scand J Infect Dis. 2013 Apr;45(4):256-64. doi: 10.3109/00365548.2012.731077. Epub 2012 Oct 31.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Amy Y Vittor, MD PHD principal investigator
University of Florida
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Urine LAM Ag test in people with Tuberculosis and HIV, run by University of Florida.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 10 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: withdrawn, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Dec 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Dual therapy duration (time frame: 1 Week). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02911740, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Dec 2017.