BlindnessCORTIVISNCT02983370
Development of a Cortical Visual Neuroprosthesis for the Blind
A study testing Minicraniotomy in people with Blindness, run by Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche at 2 sites in Spain.
Trial summary
The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of a cortical visual prosthesis based on intracortical microelectrodes to provide a limited but useful sense of vision to profoundly blind. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Blindness
- What is being tested?
- Minicraniotomy
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 5 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesSpain
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2019to Oct 2028
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participant is capable and willing to provide informed consent for participation in the trial.
- Severe visual impairment with bilateral visual loss.
- Greater than 18 years of age.
- General health: excellent.
- Following a general physical and neurological examination, patient must have normal serum electrolytes, C-reactive protein, complete blood count and PT and PTT.
- No history of stroke, seizure, coagulopathy, cardiac arrhythmias or ischemia, pulmonary, hepatic or renal disease, nor transmissible viruses such as hepatitis or HIV.
Show all 9Show fewer
- Stable dose of current regular medication for at least four weeks prior to trial entry.
- Able to perform the study during the full time period of up to 6 months.
- Special consideration will be given to patients with (1) detailed medical histories, including documentation of the onset, mechanism and evolution of the blindness; (2) lower risks associated with surgery; and (3) no psychiatric disorders or other mental disabilities.
Who cannot join
- Age <18 or >70.
- Period of appropriate visual functions < 12 years /lifetime.
- For medical reasons: Individuals with a history of seizure disorders, coagulopathy, cardiac arrythmias or ischemia, pulmonary, hepatic or renal disease, and any other neurological disorder. Patients who carry a transmissible virus such as hepatitis and individuals with HIV-related neuropathies.
- Vulnerable subject groups (e.g., pregnant women, prisoners, etc.).
- Persons unable to give written informed consent prior to participation in the study.
- Not able to perform the study during the full time period (at least 3 months).
- Any other significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may either put the participants at risk because of participation in the trial, or may influence the result of the trial, or the participant's ability to participate in the trial.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Spain2 sites, 2 recruiting
- Recruiting
Hospital IMED Elche
Elche, Alicante, 03202
Eduardo Fernandez, MD and PhD, +34965222001, e.fernandez@umh.es
- Recruiting
Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche
Elche, Alicante, 03202
Eduardo Fernandez, MD and PhD, +34 965222001, e.fernandez@umh.es
About this study
Official title: Pilot Study for the Development of a Cortical Visual Neuroprosthesis for the Blind Based on Intracortical Microelectrodes
The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of a cortical visual prosthesis based on intracortical microelectrodes to provide a limited but useful sense of vision to profoundly blind. This pilot study will provide important information on safety and efficacy for the development of an useful cortical visual neuroprosthesis for the blind.
Read the detailed description
Visual impairment is one of the ten most prevalent disabilities and poses extraordinary challenges to individuals in our society, which is heavily dependent on sight. Drug development and genetic engineering have had only marginal success as possible treatments but new hope has been generated by recent advances in neuroscience, micro-fabrication technologies, biomaterials, neuromorphic engineering and information and communication technologies leading to the development of highly sophisticated neural prosthetic devices which interact with the nervous system. Such assistive devices have already allowed thousands of deaf patients to hear sounds and acquire language abilities and the same hope exists in the field of visual rehabilitation.
Several research groups worldwide are engaged in attempts to restore vision through retinal prosthesis. However these devices are not viable for all causes of blindness. Thus, if the communication link between eye and brain is destroyed (e.g. for Glaucoma or optic nerve atrophy), as is the case for 148 million people worldwide, then visual cortical prosthesis holds the dominant hope for visual restoration. Consequently, there are many compelling reasons to pursue the development of a cortical prosthesis capable of restoring some useful vision in profoundly blind patients and this approach may be the only treatment available for end-stage retinitis pigmentosa patients and for pathologies such as glaucoma optic atrophy, trauma to the retina and/or optic nerves, and for diseases of the central visual pathways due to brain injuries or stroke.
The investigators will implant the CORTIVIS vision neuroprosthetic system, which utilizes a FDA cleared microelectrode array, into blind human volunteers and obtain descriptive feedback about visualized percepts. The experiments are designed to learn if volunteers can learn to integrate the electrical stimulation of brain visual areas into meaningful percepts. It is expected that a cortical device can create truly meaningful visual percepts that can be translated into functional gains such as the recognition, localization and grasping of objects or skillful navigation in familiar an unfamiliar environments resulting in a substantial improvement in the standard of living of blind and visually impaired persons.
All the experiments will be carried out at the patient's hospital room (Hospital IMED Elche) during the post-surgical period or in a human psychophysical laboratory (University Miguel Hernández).
- Conditions
- Blindness
- Being tested
- Minicraniotomy
- Medical subject headings
- Blindness
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
MinicraniotomyProcedure or surgery
The surgical method for the implantation of the intracortical microelectrodes is straightforward and follows the standard neurosurgical procedures. Briefly, after the scalp is prepped with an antiseptic, a small skin incision is made. Then the skin and muscles are lifted off from the bone and folded back. Next, one small burr hole or a minicraniotomy of approximately 1.5 cm is made in the skull. This is a minimally invasive procedure that allows an easy access to the brain and is a standard procedure widely used in neurosurgery.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Blind volunteer | Experimental | Blind volunteers will be implanted with our existing vision neuroprosthetic system, which utilizes a FDA cleared microelectrode array, using a minicraniotomy. The array will be implanted near the occipital pole or in extra striate areas. The investigators will collect descriptive feedback regarding thresholds, evoked perceptions and stimulation parameters leading to recognizable patterns. Receives: Procedure: Minicraniotomy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Thresholds of visual perceptions elicited by intracortical microstimulation
Charges needed for eliciting visual perceptions through electrical stimulation of the human cortex
Measured: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
Secondary outcomes (5)
Phosphene mapping
Location of induced perceptions within the visual field by pointing with the finger where the phosphene is perceived
Measured: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
Visual Acuity
Spatial resolution measured by computerized visual tests
Measured: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
Motion perception
Correct perception of movement with a coarse pattern moving in one of four directions
Measured: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
Visual function
Effectiveness of intracortical microstimulation to recognize letters, habitual objects and complex stimulation patterrns as measured by a suite of visual function tests. Questionnaire.
Measured: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
Number of participants with significant adverse events.
Complications and adverse events will be assessed through participant description of any possible adverse event, neurological examination, clinical tests and a specific questionnaire.
Measured: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Dec 2016 (estimated)
- Study start1 Oct 2019
- Primary completionDec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionOct 2028 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (24)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for BlindnessStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 5 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Hospital IMED Elche
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Eduardo Fernandez, Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche
- Investigators
- Eduardo Fernandez, MD and PhD, Principal investigator, Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02983370
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CORTIVIS16-HUM1
- Acronym
- CORTIVIS
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 12 Sep 2016
- Last updated
- 5 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Martinez-Alvarez A, Crespo-Cano R, Diaz-Tahoces A, Cuenca-Asensi S, Ferrandez Vicente JM, Fernandez E. Automatic Tuning of a Retina Model for a Cortical Visual Neuroprosthesis Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Genetic Algorithm. Int J Neural Syst. 2016 Nov;26(7):1650021. doi: 10.1142/S0129065716500210. Epub 2016 Mar 29.
PubMed 27354187Alfaro A, Bernabeu A, Agullo C, Parra J, Fernandez E. Hearing colors: an example of brain plasticity. Front Syst Neurosci. 2015 Apr 14;9:56. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00056. eCollection 2015.
PubMed 25926778Fernandez E, Greger B, House PA, Aranda I, Botella C, Albisua J, Soto-Sanchez C, Alfaro A, Normann RA. Acute human brain responses to intracortical microelectrode arrays: challenges and future prospects. Front Neuroeng. 2014 Jul 21;7:24. doi: 10.3389/fneng.2014.00024. eCollection 2014.
PubMed 25100989Normann RA, Greger B, House P, Romero SF, Pelayo F, Fernandez E. Toward the development of a cortically based visual neuroprosthesis. J Neural Eng. 2009 Jun;6(3):035001. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/6/3/035001. Epub 2009 May 20.
PubMed 19458403Warren DJ, Fernandez E, Normann RA. High-resolution two-dimensional spatial mapping of cat striate cortex using a 100-microelectrode array. Neuroscience. 2001;105(1):19-31. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00174-9.
PubMed 11483297Maynard EM, Fernandez E, Normann RA. A technique to prevent dural adhesions to chronically implanted microelectrode arrays. J Neurosci Methods. 2000 Apr 15;97(2):93-101. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00159-x.
PubMed 10788663Morillas CA, Romero SF, Martinez A, Pelayo FJ, Ros E, Fernandez E. A design framework to model retinas. Biosystems. 2007 Feb;87(2-3):156-63. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2006.09.009. Epub 2006 Sep 7.
PubMed 17011701Fernandez E, Pelayo F, Romero S, Bongard M, Marin C, Alfaro A, Merabet L. Development of a cortical visual neuroprosthesis for the blind: the relevance of neuroplasticity. J Neural Eng. 2005 Dec;2(4):R1-12. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/2/4/R01. Epub 2005 Nov 29.
PubMed 16317227Marin C, Fernandez E. Biocompatibility of intracortical microelectrodes: current status and future prospects. Front Neuroeng. 2010 May 28;3:8. doi: 10.3389/fneng.2010.00008. eCollection 2010.
PubMed 20577634Bernabeu A, Alfaro A, Garcia M, Fernandez E. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) reveals the presence of elevated myo-inositol in the occipital cortex of blind subjects. Neuroimage. 2009 Oct 1;47(4):1172-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.080. Epub 2009 May 5.
PubMed 19426816Normann RA, Fernandez E. Clinical applications of penetrating neural interfaces and Utah Electrode Array technologies. J Neural Eng. 2016 Dec;13(6):061003. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/6/061003. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
PubMed 27762237Fernandez E, Alfaro A, Soto-Sanchez C, Gonzalez-Lopez P, Lozano AM, Pena S, Grima MD, Rodil A, Gomez B, Chen X, Roelfsema PR, Rolston JD, Davis TS, Normann RA. Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex. J Clin Invest. 2021 Dec 1;131(23):e151331. doi: 10.1172/JCI151331.
PubMed 34665780Kucukoglu B, Soo L, Leeftink D, Grani F, Soto Sanchez C, Guclu U, van Gerven M, Fernandez E. Bayesian optimization of cortical neuroprosthetic vision using perceptual feedback. J Neural Eng. 2025 Jul 24;22(4). doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/adeae9.
PubMed 40602416Alfaro A, Soo L, Waclawczyk D, Morollon R, Grani F, Fernandez E. The unexpected sight: improvement of visual function following intracortical microstimulation of the human occipital cortex. Brain Commun. 2026 Feb 3;8(1):fcaf504. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaf504. eCollection 2026.
PubMed 41788163Lozano A, Chen X, La Grouw M, Li B, Wang F, van der Grinten M, Soto-Sanchez C, Morales-Gregorio A, Fernandez E, Roelfsema PR. Large-scale mapping of artificial perceptions for neuroprostheses using spontaneous neuronal activity in macaque and human visual cortex. Brain Stimul. 2026 Jan-Feb;19(1):103019. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.103019. Epub 2025 Dec 29.
PubMed 41475513
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Pilot Study for the Development of a Cortical Visual Neuroprosthesis for the Blind Based on Intracortical Microelectrodes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02983370
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CORTIVIS / CORTIVIS16-HUM1
- Conditions
- Blindness
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 5 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Universidad Miguel Hernandez de ElcheUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Hospital IMED Elche
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Oct 2028 (estimated)
- First posted
- 6 Dec 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of a cortical visual prosthesis based on intracortical microelectrodes to provide a limited but useful sense of vision to profoundly blind. This pilot study will provide important information on safety and efficacy for the development of an useful cortical visual neuroprosthesis for the blind.
Detailed description
Visual impairment is one of the ten most prevalent disabilities and poses extraordinary challenges to individuals in our society, which is heavily dependent on sight. Drug development and genetic engineering have had only marginal success as possible treatments but new hope has been generated by recent advances in neuroscience, micro-fabrication technologies, biomaterials, neuromorphic engineering and information and communication technologies leading to the development of highly sophisticated neural prosthetic devices which interact with the nervous system. Such assistive devices have already allowed thousands of deaf patients to hear sounds and acquire language abilities and the same hope exists in the field of visual rehabilitation.
Several research groups worldwide are engaged in attempts to restore vision through retinal prosthesis. However these devices are not viable for all causes of blindness. Thus, if the communication link between eye and brain is destroyed (e.g. for Glaucoma or optic nerve atrophy), as is the case for 148 million people worldwide, then visual cortical prosthesis holds the dominant hope for visual restoration. Consequently, there are many compelling reasons to pursue the development of a cortical prosthesis capable of restoring some useful vision in profoundly blind patients and this approach may be the only treatment available for end-stage retinitis pigmentosa patients and for pathologies such as glaucoma optic atrophy, trauma to the retina and/or optic nerves, and for diseases of the central visual pathways due to brain injuries or stroke.
The investigators will implant the CORTIVIS vision neuroprosthetic system, which utilizes a FDA cleared microelectrode array, into blind human volunteers and obtain descriptive feedback about visualized percepts. The experiments are designed to learn if volunteers can learn to integrate the electrical stimulation of brain visual areas into meaningful percepts. It is expected that a cortical device can create truly meaningful visual percepts that can be translated into functional gains such as the recognition, localization and grasping of objects or skillful navigation in familiar an unfamiliar environments resulting in a substantial improvement in the standard of living of blind and visually impaired persons.
All the experiments will be carried out at the patient's hospital room (Hospital IMED Elche) during the post-surgical period or in a human psychophysical laboratory (University Miguel Hernández).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Blind volunteer | Experimental | Procedure: MinicraniotomyBlind volunteers will be implanted with our existing vision neuroprosthetic system, which utilizes a FDA cleared microelectrode array, using a minicraniotomy. The array will be implanted near the occipital pole or in extra striate areas. The investigators will collect descriptive feedback regarding thresholds, evoked perceptions and stimulation parameters leading to recognizable patterns. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Participant is capable and willing to provide informed consent for participation in the trial.
- Severe visual impairment with bilateral visual loss.
- Greater than 18 years of age.
- General health: excellent.
- Following a general physical and neurological examination, patient must have normal serum electrolytes, C-reactive protein, complete blood count and PT and PTT.
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Age <18 or >70.
- Period of appropriate visual functions < 12 years /lifetime.
- For medical reasons: Individuals with a history of seizure disorders, coagulopathy, cardiac arrythmias or ischemia, pulmonary, hepatic or renal disease, and any other neurological disorder. Patients who carry a transmissible virus such as hepatitis and individuals with HIV-related neuropathies.
- Vulnerable subject groups (e.g., pregnant women, prisoners, etc.).
- Persons unable to give written informed consent prior to participation in the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| MinicraniotomyThe surgical method for the implantation of the intracortical microelectrodes is straightforward and follows the standard neurosurgical procedures. Briefly, after the scalp is prepped with an antiseptic, a small skin incision is made. Then the skin and muscles are lifted off from the bone and folded back. Next, one small burr hole or a minicraniotomy of approximately 1.5 cm is made in the skull. This is a minimally invasive procedure that allows an easy access to the brain and is a standard procedure widely used in neurosurgery. | Procedure or surgery | Blind volunteer |
Primary outcome
Thresholds of visual perceptions elicited by intracortical microstimulation
Time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
Charges needed for eliciting visual perceptions through electrical stimulation of the human cortex
5 secondary outcomes
Phosphene mapping
Time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
Visual Acuity
Time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
Motion perception
Time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
Visual function
Time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
Number of participants with significant adverse events.
Time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 May 2026.
- Background: PubMed 27354187Martinez-Alvarez A, Crespo-Cano R, Diaz-Tahoces A, Cuenca-Asensi S, Ferrandez Vicente JM, Fernandez E. Automatic Tuning of a Retina Model for a Cortical Visual Neuroprosthesis Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Genetic Algorithm. Int J Neural Syst. 2016 Nov;26(7):1650021. doi: 10.1142/S0129065716500210. Epub 2016 Mar 29.
- Background: PubMed 25926778Alfaro A, Bernabeu A, Agullo C, Parra J, Fernandez E. Hearing colors: an example of brain plasticity. Front Syst Neurosci. 2015 Apr 14;9:56. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00056. eCollection 2015.
- Background: PubMed 25100989Fernandez E, Greger B, House PA, Aranda I, Botella C, Albisua J, Soto-Sanchez C, Alfaro A, Normann RA. Acute human brain responses to intracortical microelectrode arrays: challenges and future prospects. Front Neuroeng. 2014 Jul 21;7:24. doi: 10.3389/fneng.2014.00024. eCollection 2014.
- Background: PubMed 19458403Normann RA, Greger B, House P, Romero SF, Pelayo F, Fernandez E. Toward the development of a cortically based visual neuroprosthesis. J Neural Eng. 2009 Jun;6(3):035001. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/6/3/035001. Epub 2009 May 20.
- Background: PubMed 11483297Warren DJ, Fernandez E, Normann RA. High-resolution two-dimensional spatial mapping of cat striate cortex using a 100-microelectrode array. Neuroscience. 2001;105(1):19-31. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00174-9.
- Background: PubMed 10788663Maynard EM, Fernandez E, Normann RA. A technique to prevent dural adhesions to chronically implanted microelectrode arrays. J Neurosci Methods. 2000 Apr 15;97(2):93-101. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00159-x.
- Background: PubMed 17011701Morillas CA, Romero SF, Martinez A, Pelayo FJ, Ros E, Fernandez E. A design framework to model retinas. Biosystems. 2007 Feb;87(2-3):156-63. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2006.09.009. Epub 2006 Sep 7.
- Background: PubMed 16317227Fernandez E, Pelayo F, Romero S, Bongard M, Marin C, Alfaro A, Merabet L. Development of a cortical visual neuroprosthesis for the blind: the relevance of neuroplasticity. J Neural Eng. 2005 Dec;2(4):R1-12. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/2/4/R01. Epub 2005 Nov 29.
- Background: PubMed 20577634Marin C, Fernandez E. Biocompatibility of intracortical microelectrodes: current status and future prospects. Front Neuroeng. 2010 May 28;3:8. doi: 10.3389/fneng.2010.00008. eCollection 2010.
- Background: PubMed 19426816Bernabeu A, Alfaro A, Garcia M, Fernandez E. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) reveals the presence of elevated myo-inositol in the occipital cortex of blind subjects. Neuroimage. 2009 Oct 1;47(4):1172-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.080. Epub 2009 May 5.
- Background: PubMed 27762237Normann RA, Fernandez E. Clinical applications of penetrating neural interfaces and Utah Electrode Array technologies. J Neural Eng. 2016 Dec;13(6):061003. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/6/061003. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
- Background: PubMed 34665780Fernandez E, Alfaro A, Soto-Sanchez C, Gonzalez-Lopez P, Lozano AM, Pena S, Grima MD, Rodil A, Gomez B, Chen X, Roelfsema PR, Rolston JD, Davis TS, Normann RA. Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex. J Clin Invest. 2021 Dec 1;131(23):e151331. doi: 10.1172/JCI151331.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Eduardo Fernandez, MD and PhD principal investigator
Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Minicraniotomy in people with Blindness, run by Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche at 2 sites in Spain.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Eduardo Fernandez, MD and PhD (+34 965222001, e.fernandez@umh.es), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Thresholds of visual perceptions elicited by intracortical microstimulation (time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02983370, which also lists 24 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 May 2026.