Sleep Disorder; Breathing-RelatedPhase 4NCT03067103
Comparison of Peritonsillar Infiltration of Tramadol Ketamine and Placebo on Pediatric Posttonsillectomy Pain
A Phase 4 study testing Tramadol and Ketamine in people with Sleep Disorder; Breathing-Related and Pain, Postoperative, run by Universidade Federal de Goias at 1 site in Brazil.
Trial summary
Adenotonsillectomy is one of the most common ambulatory surgical procedures performed to children. Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy have a high incidence of postoperative pain. There is still debate about the optimal analgesia for this common surgical procedure. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 3 to 11 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Sleep Disorder; Breathing-Related, Pain, Postoperative, Child, Only
- What is being tested?
- Tramadol and Ketamine
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 108 participants
- Where
- 1 siteBrazil
- Study dates
- 1 Jul 2017to 1 May 2019
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 3 to 11 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Sleep disordered breathing
- ASA I-II
Who cannot join
- ASA III-IV physical status
- Coagulation disturbances
- Presence of relevant drug allergies
- pulmonary and cardiac diseases
- Craniofacial anomalies
- Mental diseases
Show all 9Show fewer
- Genetic disorders
- Peritonsillar abscess formation
- Regular use of analgesics 24 h prior to surgery
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Brazil1 site
Juliana Alves de Sousa Caixeta
Anápolis, Goiás, 75110-520
juliana A caixeta, MD, +5562982706980, jualves39@yahoo.com.br
Melissa A Avelino, PhD
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Effect of Peritonsillar Infiltration of Ketamine and Tramadol on Pediatric Posttonsillectomy Pain: A Double-blinded Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
Adenotonsillectomy is one of the most common ambulatory surgical procedures performed to children. Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy have a high incidence of postoperative pain. There is still debate about the optimal analgesia for this common surgical procedure. Different methods have been described and used to reduce pain including; improved intraoperative anesthetic pain regimens, use of corticosteroids, adjustment of surgical technique, and intraoperative local anesthetic injection. Intraoperative local anesthetic is a preventive or preemptive analgesia which is the analgesia given before painful stimuli to prevent the subsequent pain. The main goal of the preventive analgesia is the pain relief with minimum side effects. The role of local anesthetic infiltration in the reduction of postadenotonsillectomy pain is still controversial. The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the effectiveness of preincisional peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine and tramadol for post-operative pain on children following adenotonsillectomy. This is prospective, double-blinded randomized study.
Read the detailed description
Adenotonsillectomy is one of the most common ambulatory surgical procedures performed to children. Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy have a high incidence of postoperative pain. There is still debate about the optimal analgesia for this common surgical procedure. Different methods have been described and used to reduce pain including. The main goal of the preventive analgesia is the pain relief with minimum side effects. The role of local anesthetic infiltration in the reduction of postadenotonsillectomy pain is still controversial. Blockage of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) activation and interception of nociceptive in put are important factors to achieve the reduction in subsequent pain. Ketamine hydrochloride is an NMDA receptor antagonist. The blockage of the NMDA channel and analgesic properties are both at subanesthetic doses for the ketamine. Ketamine also prevents central sensitization of nociceptors. Previous studies described the analgesic effect of intravenous application or peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine intraoperatively in children after tonsillectomy. Tramadol is another analgesic and a synthetic opioid of the aminocyclohexanol group which is a central opioid agonist with less respiratory depression compared to morphine. We knew that tramadol has both systemic and local anesthetic effect on peripheral nerves from human and animal studies.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University. The consents will be taken from all parents. Patients will be randomized from seald envelope into tramadol, ketamine or control (serum physiologic) to receive the preincisional peritonsillar infiltration before the surgery. There will de 36 patients in each group. The study drug is supplied of a liquid identical in color and volume. All surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, patients and parents will be blinded to study group until the end of the study All children will receive a premedication including midazolam hydrochloride (0.5 mg/kg; maximum dose, 20 mg) followed by a standard general inhalational anesthetic (50% O2-N2O and 8% sevoflurane). Children also received 0.1 mg/kg of fentanyl citrate and 0.2 mg/kg mivacurium intravenously. After the intubation maintenance anesthesia will be keep with nitrous oxide (50%) in oxygen and sevoflurane. All patients will receive the peritonsillar injection of the study drug before the excision of the anesthesia. Tramadol group will receive 2 mg/kg (2 ml), ketamine group 0.5 mg/kg (2cc), control group 2 ml of serum physiologic. All infiltrations will be through the peritonsillar fossa. For each tonsil 1 ml will be applied to upper pole, lower pole and between the upper and lower pole with 25-G needle. After the infiltration surgeons will wait 3 min for tonsillectomy. The same standard blunt dissection will be performed to all children by the same surgeon. During the operation heart rate oxygen saturation, average blood pressure, respiration rates will be recorded in every 5 min. Operation, anesthesia times will also be recorded. Postoperatively pain, nausea, vomiting, sedation scores, the existence of dysphagia, bleeding were recorded at 2, 6, 12, 24 h postoperatively. Children's pain scores will be measured by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).If the pain score is greater than 5, Ibuprofen will be given to children. Pains with the request for analgesic requirements, the time of analgesia requirement, patient satisfaction will be also recorded.
Data analysis will be performed by using SPSS for Windows. The relationship between categorical variables will be test by Chi-square test and Anova test will be performed to compare groups according to continuous variables. Also LSD test will be used to detect subgroup differences. p Values higher than 0.05 will be considered as significant. Mean and standard deviations and percentages will be given as descriptive statistics.
- Being tested
- Tramadol, Ketamine, Placebos
- Keywords
- Adenotonsillectomy, pain, topic analgesia, child
- Medical subject headings
- Sleep Wake Disorders, Pain, Postoperative, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
TramadolDrug
Also called group 1
Patients will receive injections in peritonsillar fossa of tramadol (2 mg/kg-2 ml)
KetamineDrug
Also called Group 2
Patients will receive injections in peritonsillar fossa of ketamine prior to surgery
PlacebosDrug
Also called Group 3
Patients will receive 2mL of saline solution in peritonsillar fossa prior to surgery
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| tramadol | Active comparator | Tramadol group will receive 2 mg/kg (2 ml) through the peritonsillar fossa. For each tonsil 1 ml will be applied to upper pole, lower pole and between the upper and lower pole with 25-G needle. The depth of the infiltration will be as superficial as 3 mm of needle injected and ballooned out the submucosal tissues of the tonsillar pillar, intratonsillar injection as avoided. Receives: Drug: Tramadol |
| ketamine | Active comparator | Ketamine group will receive 0.5 mg/kg (2cc) through the peritonsillar fossa. For each tonsil 1 ml will be applied to upper pole, lower pole and between the upper and lower pole with 25-G needle. The depth of the infiltration will be as superficial as 3 mm of needle injected and ballooned out the submucosal tissues of the tonsillar pillar, intratonsillar injection as avoided. Receives: Drug: Ketamine |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Placebo group will receive 2mL of saline solution through the peritonsillar fossa. For each tonsil 1 ml will be applied to upper pole, lower pole and between the upper and lower pole with 25-G needle. The depth of the infiltration will be as superficial as 3 mm of needle injected and ballooned out the submucosal tissues of the tonsillar pillar, intratonsillar injection as avoided. Receives: Drug: Placebos |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine reduces postoperative pain in children undergone adenotonsillectomy
Children will be evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale of pain and children who had received ketamine should be lower scores when compared to children who had received placebo. These children are expected to ask less times for analgesic medication;
Measured: 24h
Secondary outcomes (1)
Peritonsillar infiltration of tramadol reduces postoperative pain in children undergone
Children will be evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale of pain and children who had received tramadol should be lower scores when compared to children who had received placebo. These children are expected to ask less times for analgesic medication;
Measured: 24h
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Mar 2017
- Study start1 Jul 2017 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Jul 2017 (estimated)
- Study completion1 May 2019 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sleep Disorder; Breathing-RelatedStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Sequential
- Model description
- Patientes will be seleted to receive peritonsillar injection of Tramadol, Ketamine or Placebo before tonsillectomy prospective, double-blind, placebo controlles
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 108 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universidade Federal de Goias
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, juliana alves de sousa caixeta, Universidade Federal de Goias
- Investigators
- juliana a caixeta, MD, Principal investigator, Assistant Doctor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03067103
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- JASC1
- Other IDs
- 48547215.0.0000.5076
- Status last verified
- May 2017
- First submitted
- 12 Feb 2017
- Last updated
- 3 May 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ugur KS, Karabayirli S, Demircioglu RI, Ark N, Kurtaran H, Muslu B, Sert H. The comparison of preincisional peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine and tramadol for postoperative pain relief on children following adenotonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Nov;77(11):1825-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.08.018. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
PubMed 24041860Yenigun A, Et T, Aytac S, Olcay B. Comparison of different administration of ketamine and intravenous tramadol hydrochloride for postoperative pain relief and sedation after pediatric tonsillectomy. J Craniofac Surg. 2015 Jan;26(1):e21-4. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000001250.
PubMed 25569408Ayatollahi V, Behdad S, Hatami M, Moshtaghiun H, Baghianimoghadam B. Comparison of peritonsillar infiltration effects of ketamine and tramadol on post tonsillectomy pain: a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Croat Med J. 2012 Apr;53(2):155-61. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2012.53.155.
PubMed 22522994Heiba MH, Atef A, Mosleh M, Mohamed R, El-Hamamsy M. Comparison of peritonsillar infiltration of tramadol and lidocaine for the relief of post-tonsillectomy pain. J Laryngol Otol. 2012 Nov;126(11):1138-41. doi: 10.1017/S0022215112002058. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
PubMed 22989763Tong Y, Ding XB, Wang X, Ren H, Chen ZX, Li Q. Ketamine peritonsillar infiltration during tonsillectomy in pediatric patients: An updated meta-analysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014 Oct;78(10):1735-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.07.036. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
PubMed 25139134Siddiqui AS, Raees US, Siddiqui SZ, Raza SA. Efficacy of pre-incisional peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine for post-tonsillectomy analgesia in children. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2013 Aug;23(8):533-7.
PubMed 23930866Beigh Z, Ul Islam M, Ahmad S, Ahmad Pampori R. Effects of Peritonsillar Injection of Tramadol and Adrenaline before Tonsillectomy. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Jun;25(72):135-40.
PubMed 24303433
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 May 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Effect of Peritonsillar Infiltration of Ketamine and Tramadol on Pediatric Posttonsillectomy Pain: A Double-blinded Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03067103
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- JASC1
- Keywords
- Adenotonsillectomy, pain, topic analgesia, child
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 108 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Universidade Federal de GoiasUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jul 2017 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jul 2017 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 May 2019 (estimated)
- First posted
- 1 Mar 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Adenotonsillectomy is one of the most common ambulatory surgical procedures performed to children. Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy have a high incidence of postoperative pain. There is still debate about the optimal analgesia for this common surgical procedure. Different methods have been described and used to reduce pain including; improved intraoperative anesthetic pain regimens, use of corticosteroids, adjustment of surgical technique, and intraoperative local anesthetic injection. Intraoperative local anesthetic is a preventive or preemptive analgesia which is the analgesia given before painful stimuli to prevent the subsequent pain. The main goal of the preventive analgesia is the pain relief with minimum side effects. The role of local anesthetic infiltration in the reduction of postadenotonsillectomy pain is still controversial. The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the effectiveness of preincisional peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine and tramadol for post-operative pain on children following adenotonsillectomy. This is prospective, double-blinded randomized study.
Detailed description
Adenotonsillectomy is one of the most common ambulatory surgical procedures performed to children. Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy have a high incidence of postoperative pain. There is still debate about the optimal analgesia for this common surgical procedure. Different methods have been described and used to reduce pain including. The main goal of the preventive analgesia is the pain relief with minimum side effects. The role of local anesthetic infiltration in the reduction of postadenotonsillectomy pain is still controversial. Blockage of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) activation and interception of nociceptive in put are important factors to achieve the reduction in subsequent pain. Ketamine hydrochloride is an NMDA receptor antagonist. The blockage of the NMDA channel and analgesic properties are both at subanesthetic doses for the ketamine. Ketamine also prevents central sensitization of nociceptors. Previous studies described the analgesic effect of intravenous application or peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine intraoperatively in children after tonsillectomy. Tramadol is another analgesic and a synthetic opioid of the aminocyclohexanol group which is a central opioid agonist with less respiratory depression compared to morphine. We knew that tramadol has both systemic and local anesthetic effect on peripheral nerves from human and animal studies.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University. The consents will be taken from all parents. Patients will be randomized from seald envelope into tramadol, ketamine or control (serum physiologic) to receive the preincisional peritonsillar infiltration before the surgery. There will de 36 patients in each group. The study drug is supplied of a liquid identical in color and volume. All surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, patients and parents will be blinded to study group until the end of the study All children will receive a premedication including midazolam hydrochloride (0.5 mg/kg; maximum dose, 20 mg) followed by a standard general inhalational anesthetic (50% O2-N2O and 8% sevoflurane). Children also received 0.1 mg/kg of fentanyl citrate and 0.2 mg/kg mivacurium intravenously. After the intubation maintenance anesthesia will be keep with nitrous oxide (50%) in oxygen and sevoflurane. All patients will receive the peritonsillar injection of the study drug before the excision of the anesthesia. Tramadol group will receive 2 mg/kg (2 ml), ketamine group 0.5 mg/kg (2cc), control group 2 ml of serum physiologic. All infiltrations will be through the peritonsillar fossa. For each tonsil 1 ml will be applied to upper pole, lower pole and between the upper and lower pole with 25-G needle. After the infiltration surgeons will wait 3 min for tonsillectomy. The same standard blunt dissection will be performed to all children by the same surgeon. During the operation heart rate oxygen saturation, average blood pressure, respiration rates will be recorded in every 5 min. Operation, anesthesia times will also be recorded. Postoperatively pain, nausea, vomiting, sedation scores, the existence of dysphagia, bleeding were recorded at 2, 6, 12, 24 h postoperatively. Children's pain scores will be measured by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).If the pain score is greater than 5, Ibuprofen will be given to children. Pains with the request for analgesic requirements, the time of analgesia requirement, patient satisfaction will be also recorded.
Data analysis will be performed by using SPSS for Windows. The relationship between categorical variables will be test by Chi-square test and Anova test will be performed to compare groups according to continuous variables. Also LSD test will be used to detect subgroup differences. p Values higher than 0.05 will be considered as significant. Mean and standard deviations and percentages will be given as descriptive statistics.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Sequential
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Patientes will be seleted to receive peritonsillar injection of Tramadol, Ketamine or Placebo before tonsillectomy prospective, double-blind, placebo controlles
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| tramadol | Active comparator | Drug: TramadolTramadol group will receive 2 mg/kg (2 ml) through the peritonsillar fossa. For each tonsil 1 ml will be applied to upper pole, lower pole and between the upper and lower pole with 25-G needle. The depth of the infiltration will be as superficial as 3 mm of needle injected and ballooned out the submucosal tissues of the tonsillar pillar, intratonsillar injection as avoided. |
| ketamine | Active comparator | Drug: KetamineKetamine group will receive 0.5 mg/kg (2cc) through the peritonsillar fossa. For each tonsil 1 ml will be applied to upper pole, lower pole and between the upper and lower pole with 25-G needle. The depth of the infiltration will be as superficial as 3 mm of needle injected and ballooned out the submucosal tissues of the tonsillar pillar, intratonsillar injection as avoided. |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: PlacebosPlacebo group will receive 2mL of saline solution through the peritonsillar fossa. For each tonsil 1 ml will be applied to upper pole, lower pole and between the upper and lower pole with 25-G needle. The depth of the infiltration will be as superficial as 3 mm of needle injected and ballooned out the submucosal tissues of the tonsillar pillar, intratonsillar injection as avoided. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 3 to 11 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Sleep disordered breathing
- ASA I-II
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- ASA III-IV physical status
- Coagulation disturbances
- Presence of relevant drug allergies
- pulmonary and cardiac diseases
- Craniofacial anomalies
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| TramadolAlso: group 1Patients will receive injections in peritonsillar fossa of tramadol (2 mg/kg-2 ml) | Drug | tramadol |
| KetamineAlso: Group 2Patients will receive injections in peritonsillar fossa of ketamine prior to surgery | Drug | ketamine |
| PlacebosAlso: Group 3Patients will receive 2mL of saline solution in peritonsillar fossa prior to surgery | Drug | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine reduces postoperative pain in children undergone adenotonsillectomy
Time frame: 24h
Children will be evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale of pain and children who had received ketamine should be lower scores when compared to children who had received placebo. These children are expected to ask less times for analgesic medication;
1 secondary outcome
Peritonsillar infiltration of tramadol reduces postoperative pain in children undergone
Time frame: 24h
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 May 2017.
- Background: PubMed 24041860Ugur KS, Karabayirli S, Demircioglu RI, Ark N, Kurtaran H, Muslu B, Sert H. The comparison of preincisional peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine and tramadol for postoperative pain relief on children following adenotonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Nov;77(11):1825-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.08.018. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
- Background: PubMed 25569408Yenigun A, Et T, Aytac S, Olcay B. Comparison of different administration of ketamine and intravenous tramadol hydrochloride for postoperative pain relief and sedation after pediatric tonsillectomy. J Craniofac Surg. 2015 Jan;26(1):e21-4. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000001250.
- Background: PubMed 22522994Ayatollahi V, Behdad S, Hatami M, Moshtaghiun H, Baghianimoghadam B. Comparison of peritonsillar infiltration effects of ketamine and tramadol on post tonsillectomy pain: a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Croat Med J. 2012 Apr;53(2):155-61. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2012.53.155.
- Background: PubMed 22989763Heiba MH, Atef A, Mosleh M, Mohamed R, El-Hamamsy M. Comparison of peritonsillar infiltration of tramadol and lidocaine for the relief of post-tonsillectomy pain. J Laryngol Otol. 2012 Nov;126(11):1138-41. doi: 10.1017/S0022215112002058. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
- Background: PubMed 25139134Tong Y, Ding XB, Wang X, Ren H, Chen ZX, Li Q. Ketamine peritonsillar infiltration during tonsillectomy in pediatric patients: An updated meta-analysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014 Oct;78(10):1735-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.07.036. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
- Background: PubMed 23930866Siddiqui AS, Raees US, Siddiqui SZ, Raza SA. Efficacy of pre-incisional peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine for post-tonsillectomy analgesia in children. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2013 Aug;23(8):533-7.
- Background: PubMed 24303433Beigh Z, Ul Islam M, Ahmad S, Ahmad Pampori R. Effects of Peritonsillar Injection of Tramadol and Adrenaline before Tonsillectomy. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Jun;25(72):135-40.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
juliana a caixeta, MD principal investigator
Assistant Doctor
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Tramadol and Ketamine in people with Sleep Disorder; Breathing-Related and Pain, Postoperative, run by Universidade Federal de Goias at 1 site in Brazil.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 May 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Brazil. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact juliana a caixeta, MD (+5562982706980, jualves39@yahoo.com.br), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine reduces postoperative pain in children undergone adenotonsillectomy (time frame: 24h). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03067103, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 May 2017.