Caudal BlockPhase 4NCT03101137
Effects Of Adjuvants to Caudal Anesthesia on Hemodynamics Measured By Electrical Cardiometry In Children
A Phase 4 study testing Caudal block with dexmedetomedine and Caudal dexamethasone in people with Caudal Block, run by Kasr El Aini Hospital.
Trial summary
Caudal epidural anesthesia is one of the most common regional techniques used for post-operative pain management in pediatric patients. In this study we are going to compare the effects of caudal bupivacaine , caudal Dexamethasone with bubivacaine and Dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine on the systemic vascular… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 1 year to 7 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Caudal Block
- What is being tested?
- Caudal block with dexmedetomedine and Caudal dexamethasone
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 48 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Feb 2016to 15 Jan 2018
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 1 year to 7 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Pediatric patients 1 - 7 years.
- Both genders (male \& female).
- ASA I \& ASA II patients.
- Children scheduled for lower abdominal elective surgeries including genitourinary and perineal regions surgeries.
Who cannot join
- Parents' refusal of regional block.
- Patients requiring emergency procedures.
- Bleeding disorders.
- Skin lesions or wounds at site of proposed needle insertion.
- Cutaneous anomalies (angioma, hair tuft, nevus or a dimple) near the puncture point requiring radiological examination (ultrasound, CT or MRI).
- Progressive neurological disorders.
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- Patients with congenital heart disease.
- Patients with Allergies to used drugs
- Surgeries with large fluid shift or massive blood loss.
About this study
Official title: Effects Of Adjuvants (Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine) to Caudal Anesthesia on Cardiac Output and Hemodynamics Measured By Electrical Cardiometry In Children: A Randomized Double Blind Study
Caudal epidural anesthesia is one of the most common regional techniques used for post-operative pain management in pediatric patients. In this study we are going to compare the effects of caudal bupivacaine , caudal Dexamethasone with bubivacaine and Dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine on the systemic vascular resistance and the cardiac output, in pediatric patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries, by using the electrical cardiometry (EC).
Read the detailed description
Participants will be randomly allocated by a computer-generated table into one of the 3 study groups; the randomization sequence was concealed in sealed envelopes. The three study groups were as follows:
Group A: Caudal Dexmedetomidine block group (DEXM) (n= 16) will receive caudal block using the bupivacaine 0.25% and Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg with the conventional general anesthesia,
Group B: caudal Dexamethasone Block group (DEXA) (n =16) will receive caudal block using the bupivacaine 0.25% and Dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg with the conventional general anesthesia,
Group C: caudal with bubivacaine (CONTROL) group (n = 16) will receive caudal block using the bupivacaine 0.25% and general anesthesia.
After induction of general anesthesia, the electrodes of the electrical cardiometry will be applied on the child neck and chest in the supine position and a measurement for the baseline cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume will be taken using the electrical cardiometry. Baseline blood pressure and heart rate will be also recorded.Then, another measurement for the systemic cardiac output, vascular resistance, stroke volume heart rate and blood pressure will be taken at 5minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes after caudal block. The measurements will be stored and analyzed off-line.
The Electrical Cardiometry device that will be used is the ICON™ monitor; (the Portable Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitor manufactured by Osypka Medical Company). The measurements will be stored and analyzed off-line. The average values during three consecutive measures will be considered for the analysis.
- Conditions
- Caudal Block
- Being tested
- Caudal block with dexmedetomedine, Caudal dexamethasone, Control (bupivacaine)
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Caudal block with dexmedetomedineDrug
Also called Precedex
After induction, the electrical cardiometry is applied in supine position and a measurement for the baseline cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume is taken. In left lateral position, the back is sterilized. The block is done by introducing a 23-gauge needle perpendicular to the sacrococcygeal membrane. The needle is inserted until there is release of resistance as it pierces the sacro-coccygeal membrane. Then, it is directed upwards to make an angle of 20-30° with the skin about 2 mm. 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% along with dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (diluted with normal saline to 1ml) is injected over about 60s. Then, another measurement for the hemodynamics is taken at 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after caudal block.
Caudal dexamethasoneDrug
Also called Decadrone
After induction, the electrical cardiometry is applied in supine position and a measurement for the baseline cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume is taken. In left lateral position, the back is sterilized. The block is done by introducing a 23-gauge needle perpendicular to the sacrococcygeal membrane. The needle is inserted until there is release of resistance as it pierces the sacro-coccygeal membrane. Then, it is directed upwards to make an angle of 20-30° with the skin about 2 mm. 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% along with dexamethasone 0.1mg/kg (diluted with normal saline to 1ml) is injected over about 60s. Then, another measurement for the hemodynamics is taken at 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after caudal block.
Control (bupivacaine)Drug
Also called Marcaine
After induction, the electrical cardiometry is applied in supine position and a measurement for the baseline cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume is taken. In left lateral position, the back is sterilized. The block is done by introducing a 23-gauge hypodermic needle perpendicular to the sacrococcygeal membrane. The needle is inserted until there is release of resistance as it pierces the sacro-coccygeal membrane. Then, it is directed upwards to make an angle of 20-30° with the skin about 2 mm. 1 ml/kg the control (bupivacaine) 0.25% is injected over about 60s. Then, another measurement for the hemodynamics is taken at 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after caudal block.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Caudal block with dexmedetomedine | Active comparator | Caudal Dexmedetomidine block group (DEXM) (n= 16) will receive caudal block using the bupivacaine 0.25% and Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg with the conventional general anesthesia, Receives: Drug: Caudal block with dexmedetomedine |
| Caudal block with dexamethasone | Active comparator | caudal Dexamethasone Block group (DEXA) (n =16) will receive caudal block using the bupivacaine 0.25% and Dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg with the conventional general anesthesia, Receives: Drug: Caudal dexamethasone |
| Control (caudal block with bupivacaine) | Placebo comparator | caudal with bubivacaine (CONTROL) group (n = 16) will receive caudal block using the bupivacaine 0.25% and general anesthesia. Receives: Drug: Control (bupivacaine) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Cardiac output
Cardiac output at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes after caudal block,the cardiac output is measured with L/minute
Measured: up to 30 minutes
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Apr 2017
- Study startFeb 2016
- Primary completionDec 2017
- Study completion15 Jan 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (15)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Caudal BlockStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kasr El Aini Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Doaa Fawzy Abd El Fattah Hassan, Kasr El Aini Hospital
- Investigators
- Nevine M Gouda, professor, Study chair, Kasr El Aini Hospitals-Cairo university-Egypt
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03101137
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- N6-2016/MD
- Status last verified
- Feb 2018
- First submitted
- 14 Nov 2016
- Last updated
- 22 Feb 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
1) Shah N., Patel J., Chhaya A. and Upadhyaya R. Comparison of general anesthesia v/s caudal epidural in pediatric infra umbilical surgeries. International J of Biomed Res. 2015; 6(01): 35- 9.
2) Almajali Z., Batarseh E., Daameh S., Qabha A. and Haddadin M. Comparison of Postoperative Pain Relief Impact between Caudal Bupivacaine Alone and Caudal Bupivacaine-Dexamethasone Mixture Administration for Pediatric Local Tube Urethroplasty. J of The R Med Serv. 2014; 21(4): 19-24.
3) Butterworth J., Mackey,D. & Wasnick,J. Morgan & Mikhail's Clinical Anesthesiology. 5th ed. the United States: McGraw-Hill Education, LLC. 2013; 877-905.
Farrag WS, Ibrahim AS, Mostafa MG, Kurkar A, Elderwy AA. Ketamine versus magnesium sulfate with caudal bupivacaine block in pediatric inguinoscrotal surgery: A prospective randomized observer-blinded study. Urol Ann. 2015 Jul-Sep;7(3):325-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-7796.152039.
PubMed 262293195) Bhaskar D. , Kumar P. , Mridul S. , Vipin D. , Vivek T. and Mohamed A. Comparison Of Caudal Dexmedetomidine And Fentanyl For Postoperative Analgesia. J of Adv Res in Bio Scien. 2014; 6 (1) 51-7.
6) El Gendy H.A. & Elsharnouby N.M. Ultrasound Guided Single Injection Caudal Epidural Anesthesia Of Isobaric Bupivacaine With/Without Dexamethasone For Geriatric Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement Surgery. Egyptian Journal of Anesthesia. 2014; 30: 293- 8.
Deng M, Wang X, Wang L, Zheng S. The hemodynamic effects of newborn caudal anesthesia assessed by transthoracic echocardiography: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Nov;18(11):1075-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02786.x.
PubMed 18950332Galante D, Pellico G, Meola S, Caso A, De Capraris A, Milillo R, Mirabile C, Olivieri M, Cinnella G, Dambrosio M. Hemodynamic effects of levobupivacaine after pediatric caudal anesthesia evaluated by transesophageal doppler. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Nov;18(11):1066-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02774.x.
PubMed 18950331Larousse E, Asehnoune K, Dartayet B, Albaladejo P, Dubousset AM, Gauthier F, Benhamou D. The hemodynamic effects of pediatric caudal anesthesia assessed by esophageal Doppler. Anesth Analg. 2002 May;94(5):1165-8, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200205000-00020.
PubMed 1197318110) Rajput RS, Das S., Chauhan S., Bisoi AK. & Vasdev S. Comparison of Cardiac Output Measurement by Noninvasive Method with Electrical Cardiometry and Invasive Method with Thermodilution Technique in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Wor J Cardiovas S. 2014 ;(4): 123-130.
Xiang Q, Huang DY, Zhao YL, Wang GH, Liu YX, Zhong L, Luo T. Caudal dexmedetomidine combined with bupivacaine inhibit the response to hernial sac traction in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Mar;110(3):420-4. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes385. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
PubMed 23161357Mason KP, Lerman J. Review article: Dexmedetomidine in children: current knowledge and future applications. Anesth Analg. 2011 Nov;113(5):1129-42. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31822b8629. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
PubMed 2182150713) Almajali Z., Batarseh E., Daameh S., Qabha A., Haddadin M. Comparison Of Postoperative Pain Relief Impact Between Caudal Bupivacaine Alone And Caudal Bupivacaine-Dexamethasone Mixture Administration For Pediatric Local Tube Urethroplasty. J Roy Med Serv. 2014; 21(4): 19-24.
14) Dalal S., Paul A. and Tirpude NG. Clinical Evaluation of Caudal Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Sub Umbilical Surgeries. Research Chronicle in health sciences. 2015; 1(2): 110-121.
15) Alsadek W., Al-Gohari M., Elsonbaty M., Nassar N.& Alkonaiesy R. Ultrasound Guided TAP Block Versus Ultrasound Guided Caudal Block For Pain Relief In Children Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries. Egyp J of Anaesth. 2015; (31): 155-160.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Feb 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects Of Adjuvants (Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine) to Caudal Anesthesia on Cardiac Output and Hemodynamics Measured By Electrical Cardiometry In Children: A Randomized Double Blind Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03101137
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- N6-2016/MD
- Conditions
- Caudal Block
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Kasr El Aini HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Feb 2016
- Primary completion
- Dec 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Jan 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Apr 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Caudal epidural anesthesia is one of the most common regional techniques used for post-operative pain management in pediatric patients. In this study we are going to compare the effects of caudal bupivacaine , caudal Dexamethasone with bubivacaine and Dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine on the systemic vascular resistance and the cardiac output, in pediatric patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries, by using the electrical cardiometry (EC).
Detailed description
Participants will be randomly allocated by a computer-generated table into one of the 3 study groups; the randomization sequence was concealed in sealed envelopes. The three study groups were as follows:
Group A: Caudal Dexmedetomidine block group (DEXM) (n= 16) will receive caudal block using the bupivacaine 0.25% and Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg with the conventional general anesthesia,
Group B: caudal Dexamethasone Block group (DEXA) (n =16) will receive caudal block using the bupivacaine 0.25% and Dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg with the conventional general anesthesia,
Group C: caudal with bubivacaine (CONTROL) group (n = 16) will receive caudal block using the bupivacaine 0.25% and general anesthesia.
After induction of general anesthesia, the electrodes of the electrical cardiometry will be applied on the child neck and chest in the supine position and a measurement for the baseline cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume will be taken using the electrical cardiometry. Baseline blood pressure and heart rate will be also recorded.Then, another measurement for the systemic cardiac output, vascular resistance, stroke volume heart rate and blood pressure will be taken at 5minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes after caudal block. The measurements will be stored and analyzed off-line.
The Electrical Cardiometry device that will be used is the ICON™ monitor; (the Portable Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitor manufactured by Osypka Medical Company). The measurements will be stored and analyzed off-line. The average values during three consecutive measures will be considered for the analysis.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Caudal block with dexmedetomedine | Active comparator | Drug: Caudal block with dexmedetomedineCaudal Dexmedetomidine block group (DEXM) (n= 16) will receive caudal block using the bupivacaine 0.25% and Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg with the conventional general anesthesia, |
| Caudal block with dexamethasone | Active comparator | Drug: Caudal dexamethasonecaudal Dexamethasone Block group (DEXA) (n =16) will receive caudal block using the bupivacaine 0.25% and Dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg with the conventional general anesthesia, |
| Control (caudal block with bupivacaine) | Placebo comparator | Drug: Control (bupivacaine)caudal with bubivacaine (CONTROL) group (n = 16) will receive caudal block using the bupivacaine 0.25% and general anesthesia. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 1 year to 7 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Pediatric patients 1 - 7 years.
- Both genders (male \& female).
- ASA I \& ASA II patients.
- Children scheduled for lower abdominal elective surgeries including genitourinary and perineal regions surgeries.
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Parents' refusal of regional block.
- Patients requiring emergency procedures.
- Bleeding disorders.
- Skin lesions or wounds at site of proposed needle insertion.
- Cutaneous anomalies (angioma, hair tuft, nevus or a dimple) near the puncture point requiring radiological examination (ultrasound, CT or MRI).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Caudal block with dexmedetomedineAlso: PrecedexAfter induction, the electrical cardiometry is applied in supine position and a measurement for the baseline cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume is taken. In left lateral position, the back is sterilized. The block is done by introducing a 23-gauge needle perpendicular to the sacrococcygeal membrane. The needle is inserted until there is release of resistance as it pierces the sacro-coccygeal membrane. Then, it is directed upwards to make an angle of 20-30° with the skin about 2 mm. 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% along with dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (diluted with normal saline to 1ml) is injected over about 60s. Then, another measurement for the hemodynamics is taken at 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after caudal block. | Drug | Caudal block with dexmedetomedine |
| Caudal dexamethasoneAlso: DecadroneAfter induction, the electrical cardiometry is applied in supine position and a measurement for the baseline cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume is taken. In left lateral position, the back is sterilized. The block is done by introducing a 23-gauge needle perpendicular to the sacrococcygeal membrane. The needle is inserted until there is release of resistance as it pierces the sacro-coccygeal membrane. Then, it is directed upwards to make an angle of 20-30° with the skin about 2 mm. 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% along with dexamethasone 0.1mg/kg (diluted with normal saline to 1ml) is injected over about 60s. Then, another measurement for the hemodynamics is taken at 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after caudal block. | Drug | Caudal block with dexamethasone |
| Control (bupivacaine)Also: MarcaineAfter induction, the electrical cardiometry is applied in supine position and a measurement for the baseline cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume is taken. In left lateral position, the back is sterilized. The block is done by introducing a 23-gauge hypodermic needle perpendicular to the sacrococcygeal membrane. The needle is inserted until there is release of resistance as it pierces the sacro-coccygeal membrane. Then, it is directed upwards to make an angle of 20-30° with the skin about 2 mm. 1 ml/kg the control (bupivacaine) 0.25% is injected over about 60s. Then, another measurement for the hemodynamics is taken at 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after caudal block. | Drug | Control (caudal block with bupivacaine) |
Primary outcome
Change in Cardiac output
Time frame: up to 30 minutes
Cardiac output at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes after caudal block,the cardiac output is measured with L/minute
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Feb 2018.
- Background1) Shah N., Patel J., Chhaya A. and Upadhyaya R. Comparison of general anesthesia v/s caudal epidural in pediatric infra umbilical surgeries. International J of Biomed Res. 2015; 6(01): 35- 9.
- Background2) Almajali Z., Batarseh E., Daameh S., Qabha A. and Haddadin M. Comparison of Postoperative Pain Relief Impact between Caudal Bupivacaine Alone and Caudal Bupivacaine-Dexamethasone Mixture Administration for Pediatric Local Tube Urethroplasty. J of The R Med Serv. 2014; 21(4): 19-24.
- Background3) Butterworth J., Mackey,D. & Wasnick,J. Morgan & Mikhail's Clinical Anesthesiology. 5th ed. the United States: McGraw-Hill Education, LLC. 2013; 877-905.
- Background: PubMed 26229319Farrag WS, Ibrahim AS, Mostafa MG, Kurkar A, Elderwy AA. Ketamine versus magnesium sulfate with caudal bupivacaine block in pediatric inguinoscrotal surgery: A prospective randomized observer-blinded study. Urol Ann. 2015 Jul-Sep;7(3):325-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-7796.152039.
- Background5) Bhaskar D. , Kumar P. , Mridul S. , Vipin D. , Vivek T. and Mohamed A. Comparison Of Caudal Dexmedetomidine And Fentanyl For Postoperative Analgesia. J of Adv Res in Bio Scien. 2014; 6 (1) 51-7.
- Background6) El Gendy H.A. & Elsharnouby N.M. Ultrasound Guided Single Injection Caudal Epidural Anesthesia Of Isobaric Bupivacaine With/Without Dexamethasone For Geriatric Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement Surgery. Egyptian Journal of Anesthesia. 2014; 30: 293- 8.
- Background: PubMed 18950332Deng M, Wang X, Wang L, Zheng S. The hemodynamic effects of newborn caudal anesthesia assessed by transthoracic echocardiography: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Nov;18(11):1075-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02786.x.
- Background: PubMed 18950331Galante D, Pellico G, Meola S, Caso A, De Capraris A, Milillo R, Mirabile C, Olivieri M, Cinnella G, Dambrosio M. Hemodynamic effects of levobupivacaine after pediatric caudal anesthesia evaluated by transesophageal doppler. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Nov;18(11):1066-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02774.x.
- Background: PubMed 11973181Larousse E, Asehnoune K, Dartayet B, Albaladejo P, Dubousset AM, Gauthier F, Benhamou D. The hemodynamic effects of pediatric caudal anesthesia assessed by esophageal Doppler. Anesth Analg. 2002 May;94(5):1165-8, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200205000-00020.
- Background10) Rajput RS, Das S., Chauhan S., Bisoi AK. & Vasdev S. Comparison of Cardiac Output Measurement by Noninvasive Method with Electrical Cardiometry and Invasive Method with Thermodilution Technique in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Wor J Cardiovas S. 2014 ;(4): 123-130.
- Background: PubMed 23161357Xiang Q, Huang DY, Zhao YL, Wang GH, Liu YX, Zhong L, Luo T. Caudal dexmedetomidine combined with bupivacaine inhibit the response to hernial sac traction in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Mar;110(3):420-4. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes385. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
- Background: PubMed 21821507Mason KP, Lerman J. Review article: Dexmedetomidine in children: current knowledge and future applications. Anesth Analg. 2011 Nov;113(5):1129-42. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31822b8629. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Nevine M Gouda, professor study chair
Kasr El Aini Hospitals-Cairo university-Egypt
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Caudal block with dexmedetomedine and Caudal dexamethasone in people with Caudal Block, run by Kasr El Aini Hospital.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Feb 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Cardiac output (time frame: up to 30 minutes). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03101137, which also lists 15 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Feb 2018.