ObesityNCT03101943
Preventing Early Childhood Obesity, Part 1: Family Spirit Nurture, 3-9 Months
A study testing Family Spirit Nurture (FSN) and Water Delivery in people with Obesity and Water; Lack of, run by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study aims to assess the impact of a brief home-visiting module, called "Family Spirit Nurture" (FSN), on American Indian (AI) parent feeding practices associated with increased risk for early childhood obesity, with a primary focus on delaying introduction of infants' Sugar Sweetened Beverage (SSB) (including… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Obesity, Water; Lack of, Breast Feeding
- What is being tested?
- Family Spirit Nurture (FSN) and Water Delivery
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 136 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 29 Mar 2017to 18 Oct 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 years and older
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- American Indian ethnicity
- Female
- 13 years of age or older
- Mother to a baby between the ages of 0 and 2.5 months
- Living within 50 miles of the Northern Navajo Medical Center
Who cannot join
- Inability to participate in full intervention or evaluation (e.g., planned move, residential treatment, etc.)
- Unwilling to be randomized
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health
Shiprock, New Mexico, 87420
About this study
This study aims to assess the impact of a brief home-visiting module, called "Family Spirit Nurture" (FSN), on American Indian (AI) parent feeding practices associated with increased risk for early childhood obesity, with a primary focus on delaying introduction of infants' Sugar Sweetened Beverage (SSB) (including soda, energy drinks, juice with added sugar and other drinks with added sugar) intake while teaching mothers complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices. The investigators will also assess how water insecurity may moderate parents' feeding of SSBs to young children. Finally, the investigators will explore whether maternal knowledge of oral health practices and/or reduction of infants' SSB intake influences early indicators of infant's oral health (i.e., infants' oral microbiome and plaque formation). Our evaluation will employ a randomized controlled design, in which the control condition receives a beneficial home-safety educational model and assistance in safety proofing their homes for small children. Assessments in both groups will occur at baseline (between 6 and 10 weeks postpartum) and 4 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months postpartum.
Primary Aims:
Read more
Aim 1: To determine the effectiveness of the brief (6 lessons) FSN home-visiting parent feeding practice module on reducing SSB initiation and frequency among infants between 3 and 12 months of age. Hypothesis 1: Infants whose mothers receive FSN vs. controls will be less likely to introduce SSBs between 3 and 12 months of age.
Aim 2: To determine the effectiveness of FSN to promote optimal complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices. Hypothesis 2: Mothers who receive FSN vs. controls will be more likely to practice recommended complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices between 3 and 12 months of age.
Aim 3: To determine the impact of water insecurity on SSB consumption among infants between 3 and 6 months of age. Hypothesis 2: Parents who report water insecurity vs. those who do not will be more likely to give infants SSBs between 3 and 6 months of age.
Secondary Aims:
Secondary Aim 1: To explore if provision of water to families reduces SSB intake among mothers and infants ages 6 to 9 months of age.
Secondary Aim 2: To explore if infants in the FSN intervention have better oral health outcomes than control infants up to 12 months postpartum.
Read the detailed description
The investigators will conduct a pilot randomized 1:1 controlled trial with 136 mother-infant dyads. Participants will be pre-screened for water insecurity and distributed equally across the two study arms using stratified block randomization. The intervention group (n=68) will receive the FSN home-visiting module, consisting of six 45-minute lessons delivered biweekly by trained local AI Family Health Coaches (FHCs), from 3 to 6 months postpartum. The lessons focus on elimination or reduction of Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) among infants while teaching mothers complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices. The control group (n=68) will receive three home-based lessons with home safety information (injury prevention is a priority identified by Navajo leadership that does not interfere with study questions). All families will receive delivery of drinking water from 6 to 9 months postpartum. Through this staggered design, the investigators will evaluate the impact of the FSN on infant feeding practices associated with increased risk for early childhood obesity, with a primary focus on delaying introduction of infant's SSB intake. The investigators will also be able to evaluate the impact of the availability of potable water on SSB intake, with or without family education. In addition, participants will have the opportunity to provide additional consent for a nested oral health study to evaluate the impact of the FSN curriculum and water provision on infant oral health indicators.
Methods:
Study implementation will include four phases:
Phase 1 (Referral, Recruitment, Consent, Baseline Assessment and Randomization): Potentially eligible mothers will be referred to our study staff, who will screen for eligibility, consent/assent mothers, conduct baseline assessment, and assign randomization status. Randomization will be assigned after the completion of the baseline assessment, including scoring of the participant's water insecurity status. Two randomization lists (one for water secure mothers and one for water insecure mothers) will be created prior to study initiation using STATA 14 statistical software37.
Part 2 (Home-Based Education Intervention): Local FHCs, trained and employed by Johns Hopkins, will deliver either the intervention (6-session FSN) or the control condition (3- Home-Safety Lessons) between 3 to 6 months postpartum.
Part 3 (Water Delivery): All participants will have drinking water delivered to their home from 6 to 9 months postpartum. FHCs will deliver water either weekly or less often, depending on needs of family. The amount of water delivered will be based on number of adults and children residing in home during this period of the study.
Part 4 (Assessment): Our assessment post-baseline consists of a mixed-methods assessment, including maternal self-reports and maternal FHC-administered interviews collected using REDCap at 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 12 months postpartum and maternal and infant medical chart reviews. If consent is given for the nested oral health study, the additional assessments will include a maternal self-report measure, collection and microbiologic testing of infant plaque and saliva, an infant oral examination, tooth eruption evaluations and infant medical and dental chart reviews.
- Conditions
- Obesity, Water; Lack of, Breast Feeding, Tooth Erosion, Dental Plaque, Infant Obesity
- Being tested
- Family Spirit Nurture (FSN), Control Program, Water Delivery
- Keywords
- Sugar, Sweetened, Beverages
- Medical subject headings
- Obesity, Breast Feeding, Tooth Erosion, Dental Plaque, Pediatric Obesity, Feeding Behavior, Dental Caries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Family Spirit Nurture (FSN)Behavioural
The FSN intervention will be conducted over a 6-month period. Participants in the intervention group will receive 6- 45 minute lessons in their home or a private place of their choosing. The lessons focus on elimination or reduction of Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) among infants while teaching mothers complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices
Control ProgramOther
The control group will receive three home-based lessons with home safety information.Lessons will be delivered monthly (at 3, 4 and 5 months postpartum) in the same format as the FSN lessons, by trained FHCs in the home of the participant or in a private place of their choosing.
Water DeliveryOther
Drinking water will be delivered to the household of each participant (both in the FSN intervention and control groups) from 6 to 9 months postpartum. The amount of water will be determined by the number of children and adults living in the household at the time of water delivery. The first delivery of water will occur at the time of the 6-month evaluation and the last delivery will occur at the time of the 9-month evaluation. Water will be delivered as often as weekly. Those families who do not need weekly water delivery (based on their preference and their usage of the first delivery of water) will receive water less frequently.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Family Spirit Nurture (FSN) | Experimental | The intervention group (n=68) will receive the Family Spirit Nurture (FSN) home-visiting module, consisting of six 45-minute lessons delivered biweekly by trained local American Indian Family Health Coaches (FHCs), from 3 to 6 months postpartum. The lessons focus on elimination or reduction of Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) among infants while teaching mothers complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices. Lessons are highly visual and interactive, and will incorporate cultural teachings related to infant feeding and nutrition that support aims. All families will receive water delivery of drinking water from 6 to 9 months postpartum. Receives: Behavioral: Family Spirit Nurture (FSN); Other: Water Delivery |
| Control Program | Other | The control group (n=68) will receive three home-based lessons with home safety information (injury prevention is a priority identified by Navajo leadership that does not interfere with study questions). Mothers randomized to the control group will receive 3 educational lessons on home safety and child safety proofing. These meaningful topics were selected so as not to dilute measurement on key FSN outcomes and to provide benefit to all study participants. Lessons will be delivered monthly (at 3, 4 and 5 months postpartum) in the same format as the FSN lessons, by trained FHCs in the home of the participant or in a private place of their choosing. All families will receive water delivery of drinking water from 6 to 9 months postpartum. Receives: Other: Control Program; Other: Water Delivery |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Reduction in SSB initiation and frequency among infants up to 12-months of age
To determine the effectiveness of the brief (6 lessons) FSN home-visiting parent feeding practice module on reducing SSB initiation and frequency among infants between 3 months and 12 months of age
Measured: 12-months of age
Change in optimal complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices in mothers who receive FSN vs controls
To determine the effectiveness of FSN to promote optimal complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices.
Measured: 3-months and 12-months of age
Change in SSB consumption among infants due to water insecurity
To determine the impact of water insecurity on SSB consumption among infants between 3 months and 6 months of age.
Measured: 6-months of age
Secondary outcomes (2)
Reduction in SSB intake among mothers and infants due to provision of water
Explore if provision of water to families reduces SSB intake among mothers and infants
Measured: 6-months to 9-months of age
Change in oral health outcomes in infants in the FSN intervention vs control infants
Explore if infants in the FSN intervention have better oral health outcomes than control infants
Measured: Up to 12-months postpartum
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Apr 2017
- Study start29 Mar 2017
- Primary completion1 Aug 2019
- Study completion18 Oct 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ObesityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 136 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Allison Barlow, PhD, Principal investigator, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03101943
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 7476
- Status last verified
- Aug 2020
- First submitted
- 20 Feb 2017
- Last updated
- 11 Aug 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Rosenstock S, Ingalls A, Foy Cuddy R, Neault N, Littlepage S, Cohoe L, Nelson L, Shephard-Yazzie K, Yazzie S, Alikhani A, Reid R, Kenney A, Barlow A. Effect of a Home-Visiting Intervention to Reduce Early Childhood Obesity Among Native American Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2021 Feb 1;175(2):133-142. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3557.
PubMed 33165594
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Aug 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Preventing Early Childhood Obesity, Part 1: Family Spirit Nurture, 3-9 Months
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03101943
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 7476
- Conditions
- Obesity, Water; Lack of, Breast Feeding, Tooth Erosion, Dental Plaque, Infant Obesity
- Keywords
- Sugar, Sweetened, Beverages
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 136 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 29 Mar 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Aug 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 18 Oct 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Apr 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to assess the impact of a brief home-visiting module, called "Family Spirit Nurture" (FSN), on American Indian (AI) parent feeding practices associated with increased risk for early childhood obesity, with a primary focus on delaying introduction of infants' Sugar Sweetened Beverage (SSB) (including soda, energy drinks, juice with added sugar and other drinks with added sugar) intake while teaching mothers complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices. The investigators will also assess how water insecurity may moderate parents' feeding of SSBs to young children. Finally, the investigators will explore whether maternal knowledge of oral health practices and/or reduction of infants' SSB intake influences early indicators of infant's oral health (i.e., infants' oral microbiome and plaque formation). Our evaluation will employ a randomized controlled design, in which the control condition receives a beneficial home-safety educational model and assistance in safety proofing their homes for small children. Assessments in both groups will occur at baseline (between 6 and 10 weeks postpartum) and 4 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months postpartum.
Primary Aims:
Aim 1: To determine the effectiveness of the brief (6 lessons) FSN home-visiting parent feeding practice module on reducing SSB initiation and frequency among infants between 3 and 12 months of age. Hypothesis 1: Infants whose mothers receive FSN vs. controls will be less likely to introduce SSBs between 3 and 12 months of age.
Aim 2: To determine the effectiveness of FSN to promote optimal complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices. Hypothesis 2: Mothers who receive FSN vs. controls will be more likely to practice recommended complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices between 3 and 12 months of age.
Aim 3: To determine the impact of water insecurity on SSB consumption among infants between 3 and 6 months of age. Hypothesis 2: Parents who report water insecurity vs. those who do not will be more likely to give infants SSBs between 3 and 6 months of age.
Secondary Aims:
Secondary Aim 1: To explore if provision of water to families reduces SSB intake among mothers and infants ages 6 to 9 months of age.
Secondary Aim 2: To explore if infants in the FSN intervention have better oral health outcomes than control infants up to 12 months postpartum.
Detailed description
The investigators will conduct a pilot randomized 1:1 controlled trial with 136 mother-infant dyads. Participants will be pre-screened for water insecurity and distributed equally across the two study arms using stratified block randomization. The intervention group (n=68) will receive the FSN home-visiting module, consisting of six 45-minute lessons delivered biweekly by trained local AI Family Health Coaches (FHCs), from 3 to 6 months postpartum. The lessons focus on elimination or reduction of Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) among infants while teaching mothers complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices. The control group (n=68) will receive three home-based lessons with home safety information (injury prevention is a priority identified by Navajo leadership that does not interfere with study questions). All families will receive delivery of drinking water from 6 to 9 months postpartum. Through this staggered design, the investigators will evaluate the impact of the FSN on infant feeding practices associated with increased risk for early childhood obesity, with a primary focus on delaying introduction of infant's SSB intake. The investigators will also be able to evaluate the impact of the availability of potable water on SSB intake, with or without family education. In addition, participants will have the opportunity to provide additional consent for a nested oral health study to evaluate the impact of the FSN curriculum and water provision on infant oral health indicators.
Methods:
Study implementation will include four phases:
Phase 1 (Referral, Recruitment, Consent, Baseline Assessment and Randomization): Potentially eligible mothers will be referred to our study staff, who will screen for eligibility, consent/assent mothers, conduct baseline assessment, and assign randomization status. Randomization will be assigned after the completion of the baseline assessment, including scoring of the participant's water insecurity status. Two randomization lists (one for water secure mothers and one for water insecure mothers) will be created prior to study initiation using STATA 14 statistical software37.
Part 2 (Home-Based Education Intervention): Local FHCs, trained and employed by Johns Hopkins, will deliver either the intervention (6-session FSN) or the control condition (3- Home-Safety Lessons) between 3 to 6 months postpartum.
Part 3 (Water Delivery): All participants will have drinking water delivered to their home from 6 to 9 months postpartum. FHCs will deliver water either weekly or less often, depending on needs of family. The amount of water delivered will be based on number of adults and children residing in home during this period of the study.
Part 4 (Assessment): Our assessment post-baseline consists of a mixed-methods assessment, including maternal self-reports and maternal FHC-administered interviews collected using REDCap at 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 12 months postpartum and maternal and infant medical chart reviews. If consent is given for the nested oral health study, the additional assessments will include a maternal self-report measure, collection and microbiologic testing of infant plaque and saliva, an infant oral examination, tooth eruption evaluations and infant medical and dental chart reviews.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Family Spirit Nurture (FSN) | Experimental | Behavioral: Family Spirit Nurture (FSN), Other: Water DeliveryThe intervention group (n=68) will receive the Family Spirit Nurture (FSN) home-visiting module, consisting of six 45-minute lessons delivered biweekly by trained local American Indian Family Health Coaches (FHCs), from 3 to 6 months postpartum. The lessons focus on elimination or reduction of Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) among infants while teaching mothers complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices. Lessons are highly visual and interactive, and will incorporate cultural teachings related to infant feeding and nutrition that support aims. All families will receive water delivery of drinking water from 6 to 9 months postpartum. |
| Control Program | Other | Other: Control Program, Other: Water DeliveryThe control group (n=68) will receive three home-based lessons with home safety information (injury prevention is a priority identified by Navajo leadership that does not interfere with study questions). Mothers randomized to the control group will receive 3 educational lessons on home safety and child safety proofing. These meaningful topics were selected so as not to dilute measurement on key FSN outcomes and to provide benefit to all study participants. Lessons will be delivered monthly (at 3, 4 and 5 months postpartum) in the same format as the FSN lessons, by trained FHCs in the home of the participant or in a private place of their choosing. All families will receive water delivery of drinking water from 6 to 9 months postpartum. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- American Indian ethnicity
- Female
- 13 years of age or older
- Mother to a baby between the ages of 0 and 2.5 months
- Living within 50 miles of the Northern Navajo Medical Center
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Inability to participate in full intervention or evaluation (e.g., planned move, residential treatment, etc.)
- Unwilling to be randomized
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Family Spirit Nurture (FSN)The FSN intervention will be conducted over a 6-month period. Participants in the intervention group will receive 6- 45 minute lessons in their home or a private place of their choosing. The lessons focus on elimination or reduction of Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) among infants while teaching mothers complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices | Behavioural | Family Spirit Nurture (FSN) |
| Control ProgramThe control group will receive three home-based lessons with home safety information.Lessons will be delivered monthly (at 3, 4 and 5 months postpartum) in the same format as the FSN lessons, by trained FHCs in the home of the participant or in a private place of their choosing. | Other | Control Program |
| Water DeliveryDrinking water will be delivered to the household of each participant (both in the FSN intervention and control groups) from 6 to 9 months postpartum. The amount of water will be determined by the number of children and adults living in the household at the time of water delivery. The first delivery of water will occur at the time of the 6-month evaluation and the last delivery will occur at the time of the 9-month evaluation. Water will be delivered as often as weekly. Those families who do not need weekly water delivery (based on their preference and their usage of the first delivery of water) will receive water less frequently. | Other | Control Program, Family Spirit Nurture (FSN) |
Primary outcome
Reduction in SSB initiation and frequency among infants up to 12-months of age
Time frame: 12-months of age
To determine the effectiveness of the brief (6 lessons) FSN home-visiting parent feeding practice module on reducing SSB initiation and frequency among infants between 3 months and 12 months of age
Change in optimal complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices in mothers who receive FSN vs controls
Time frame: 3-months and 12-months of age
To determine the effectiveness of FSN to promote optimal complementary feeding and responsive parenting practices.
Change in SSB consumption among infants due to water insecurity
Time frame: 6-months of age
To determine the impact of water insecurity on SSB consumption among infants between 3 months and 6 months of age.
2 secondary outcomes
Reduction in SSB intake among mothers and infants due to provision of water
Time frame: 6-months to 9-months of age
Change in oral health outcomes in infants in the FSN intervention vs control infants
Time frame: Up to 12-months postpartum
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Aug 2020.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33165594Rosenstock S, Ingalls A, Foy Cuddy R, Neault N, Littlepage S, Cohoe L, Nelson L, Shephard-Yazzie K, Yazzie S, Alikhani A, Reid R, Kenney A, Barlow A. Effect of a Home-Visiting Intervention to Reduce Early Childhood Obesity Among Native American Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2021 Feb 1;175(2):133-142. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3557.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Allison Barlow, PhD principal investigator
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Family Spirit Nurture (FSN) and Water Delivery in people with Obesity and Water; Lack of, run by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Aug 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Reduction in SSB initiation and frequency among infants up to 12-months of age (time frame: 12-months of age). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03101943, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Aug 2020.