Tobacco UseNCT03196102
Evaluation of a Brief Tobacco Intervention in the US Military
A study testing BTI, Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet and Standard smoking cessation intervention in people with Tobacco Use and Tobacco Smoking, run by University of Virginia at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
While the military has taken steps to reduce tobacco use over the past two decades, over a quarter of new military recruits report regular tobacco use prior to enlistment. This rate is higher than the national prevalence of 21.3% of US adults. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Tobacco Use, Tobacco Smoking, Smoking, Cigar
- What is being tested?
- BTI, Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet and Standard smoking cessation intervention
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 2,999 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 5 Apr 2017to 31 Jan 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participants will be Active duty Air Force Technical Training students from the 37th Training Group (JBSA Lackland), who are at least 18 years old.
Who cannot join
- Individuals unable to understand the consent procedures would be excluded.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
37th Training Group
Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, 78236
About this study
While the military has taken steps to reduce tobacco use over the past two decades, over a quarter of new military recruits report regular tobacco use prior to enlistment. This rate is higher than the national prevalence of 21.3% of US adults. Brief health prevention programs may be particularly effective for Airmen in Technical Training, given that all Airmen have been tobacco free for 11 ½ weeks and nearly 2/3rds are confident that they won't return to tobacco. We have developed and validated a Brief Tobacco Intervention (BTI) that is currently being implemented as part of Technical Training. We found that a motivational interviewing based, 40 minute BTI was efficacious in increasing perceived harm and decreasing intentions to use tobacco in a sample of 1055 Air Force trainees. Although we obtained significant positive changes in latent cognitive constructs for tobacco behavior that are highly predictive of future tobacco use in youth and young adults, the Little et al study did not obtain measures of actual tobacco resumption following the ban on tobacco in Air Force training. Given that 69.8% of all tobacco resumption/initiation occurs in Technical Training, a study that evaluates the short-term impact of our BTI on actual tobacco use is necessary prior to conducting the full scale R01 that would evaluate the long term efficacy of the BTI intervention. Thus, we propose the following Specific Aims: (1) To recruit approximately 2,000 Air Force trainees at the beginning of Technical Training at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland Air Force in San Antonio, Texas during the 11 ½ week involuntary cessation ban; (2) To randomize participants to either (a) receive our cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet (HL095758), The Airmen's Guide to Remaining Tobacco Free (Airmen's Guide; which has been disseminated and is now the standard of care in the Air Force) or (b) the Airmen's Guide + Brief Tobacco Intervention (BTI); (3) To determine the short-term (3 month, end of Technical Training) efficacy of the intervention on tobacco abstinence. Our primary outcome is tobacco abstinence at the end of Technical Training to determine an estimated effect size as well as establish the requisite preliminary work for a subsequent R01. Given that over 220,000 new recruits enter the military annually in one of the service branches, the public health implications of an effective brief tobacco intervention targeting the most commonly used tobacco for military personnel in Technical Training is considerable. If the BTI is proven efficacious it can be easily disseminated to other service branches that have similar tobacco bans during Technical Training.
Read the detailed description
This study builds on preliminary data from this population based on over 1,000 Airmen. We have developed and validated a Brief Tobacco Intervention (BTI) that is currently being implemented as part of Technical Training. We found that a motivational interviewing based, 40 minute BTI was efficacious in increasing perceived harm and decreasing intentions to use tobacco in a sample of 1055 Air Force trainees. Although we obtained significant positive changes that are predictive of future tobacco use in self-reported intent to use (decreased) and self-reported perceived harm (increased), we did not obtain measures of actual tobacco resumption following the tobacco use ban in Air Force training. This study will obtain and analyze data on these measures.
Airmen will be consented in the presence of an Ombudsman and randomly assigned to either (1) BTI + The Airman's Guide to Remaining Tobacco Free at the beginning of Technical Training, (2) The Airman's Guide to Remaining Tobacco Free (no BTI), or (3) the standard smoking cessation pamphlet (no BTI). All interventions in this study are command-directed interventions provided to all Technical Training students in the 37th Training Group. Airmen who are willing to participate in the study will be consented before the administration of the brief assessment of the BTI. Immediately following the intervention, consented Airmen will receive another assessment to evaluate any immediate changes in several important cognitive constructs (e.g., perceived harm, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, attitudes, intentions). At the end of Technical Training (3 months), consented Airmen will complete a final assessment to determine tobacco abstinence.
- Conditions
- Tobacco Use, Tobacco Smoking, Smoking, Cigar, Smoking, Pipe, Smoking, Hookah, Nicotine Dependence
- Being tested
- BTI, Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet, Standard smoking cessation intervention
- Keywords
- tobacco prevention; tobacco intervention; military; brief intervention
- Medical subject headings
- Tobacco Use, Tobacco Smoking, Cigar Smoking, Pipe Smoking, Water Pipe Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
BTIBehavioural
Brief Tobacco Intervention (BTI). The group intervention was designed to include the components of effective tobacco control programs for military personnel, and specifically tailored to the Technical Training environment. The intervention is approximately 40 minutes and delivered in a group format (e.g., groups of 50 Airmen). The format of the BTI is meant to be interactive, utilizing the Socratic teaching style and eliciting participation through the principles of motivational interviewing. A series of open-ended questions, reflections, and decisional balance, were used to increases motivation to remain tobacco free.
Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphletBehavioural
Also called The Airman's Guide to Remaining Tobacco Free
The Airmen's Guide is 5×7 inches, 46 pages, with text and color illustration. The text covers the advantages of remaining tobacco-free after Basic Military Training, and the opportunity the ban provides to begin a lifetime without tobacco, focusing on cigarettes and smokeless tobacco. Information is included about challenges and coping suggestions for the times that Airmen are at particular risk of smoking. The text is supplemented by images created specifically for Airmen and designed to reinforce the messages that smoking: 1) is responsible for more fatalities than combat; 2) conveys a negative image to civilians; and 3) impedes military readiness and promotion through the ranks.
Standard smoking cessation interventionBehavioural
Also called National Cancer Institute's Clearing the Air
This booklet is a 36-page, comprehensive guide for quitting smoking with 7 pages dedicated to relapse-prevention.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| BTI + Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet | Experimental | BTI + Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet Receives: Behavioral: BTI; Behavioral: Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet |
| Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet | Active comparator | Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet Receives: Behavioral: Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet |
| Standard smoking cessation pamphlet | Active comparator | Standard smoking cessation pamphlet Receives: Behavioral: Standard smoking cessation intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
tobacco continuous abstinence
No tobacco use at 3 month follow-up since pre-assessment
Measured: 3 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Jun 2017
- Study start5 Apr 2017
- Primary completion31 Jan 2018
- Study completion31 Jan 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Tobacco UseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of VirginiaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 2,999 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Virginia
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Melissa Little, PhD, MPH, University of Virginia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03196102
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 16-04697-XP DoD
- Status last verified
- Sep 2021
- First submitted
- 20 Jun 2017
- Last updated
- 7 Oct 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Fahey MC, Talcott GW, McMurry TL, Klesges RC, Tubman D, Krukowski RA, Little MA. When, How, & Where Tobacco Initiation and Relapse Occur During U.S. Air Force Technical Training. Mil Med. 2020 Jun 8;185(5-6):e609-e615. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usaa016.
PubMed 32060547Little MA, Talcott GW, Bursac Z, Linde BD, Pagano LA, Messler EC, Ebbert JO, Klesges RC. Efficacy of a Brief Tobacco Intervention for Tobacco and Nicotine Containing Product Use in the US Air Force. Nicotine Tob Res. 2016 May;18(5):1142-9. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv242. Epub 2015 Oct 27.
PubMed 26508394Little MA, Fahey MC, Klesges RC, McMurry T, Talcott GW. Evaluating the Effects of a Brief Tobacco Intervention in the US Air Force. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Aug 24;22(9):1569-1577. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa001.
PubMed 31903494
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Oct 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of a Brief Tobacco Intervention in the US Military
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03196102
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 16-04697-XP DoD
- Conditions
- Tobacco Use, Tobacco Smoking, Smoking, Cigar, Smoking, Pipe, Smoking, Hookah, Nicotine Dependence
- Keywords
- tobacco prevention; tobacco intervention; military; brief intervention
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 2,999 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of VirginiaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Study start
- 5 Apr 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Jan 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Jan 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Jun 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
While the military has taken steps to reduce tobacco use over the past two decades, over a quarter of new military recruits report regular tobacco use prior to enlistment. This rate is higher than the national prevalence of 21.3% of US adults. Brief health prevention programs may be particularly effective for Airmen in Technical Training, given that all Airmen have been tobacco free for 11 ½ weeks and nearly 2/3rds are confident that they won't return to tobacco. We have developed and validated a Brief Tobacco Intervention (BTI) that is currently being implemented as part of Technical Training. We found that a motivational interviewing based, 40 minute BTI was efficacious in increasing perceived harm and decreasing intentions to use tobacco in a sample of 1055 Air Force trainees. Although we obtained significant positive changes in latent cognitive constructs for tobacco behavior that are highly predictive of future tobacco use in youth and young adults, the Little et al study did not obtain measures of actual tobacco resumption following the ban on tobacco in Air Force training. Given that 69.8% of all tobacco resumption/initiation occurs in Technical Training, a study that evaluates the short-term impact of our BTI on actual tobacco use is necessary prior to conducting the full scale R01 that would evaluate the long term efficacy of the BTI intervention. Thus, we propose the following Specific Aims: (1) To recruit approximately 2,000 Air Force trainees at the beginning of Technical Training at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland Air Force in San Antonio, Texas during the 11 ½ week involuntary cessation ban; (2) To randomize participants to either (a) receive our cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet (HL095758), The Airmen's Guide to Remaining Tobacco Free (Airmen's Guide; which has been disseminated and is now the standard of care in the Air Force) or (b) the Airmen's Guide + Brief Tobacco Intervention (BTI); (3) To determine the short-term (3 month, end of Technical Training) efficacy of the intervention on tobacco abstinence. Our primary outcome is tobacco abstinence at the end of Technical Training to determine an estimated effect size as well as establish the requisite preliminary work for a subsequent R01. Given that over 220,000 new recruits enter the military annually in one of the service branches, the public health implications of an effective brief tobacco intervention targeting the most commonly used tobacco for military personnel in Technical Training is considerable. If the BTI is proven efficacious it can be easily disseminated to other service branches that have similar tobacco bans during Technical Training.
Detailed description
This study builds on preliminary data from this population based on over 1,000 Airmen. We have developed and validated a Brief Tobacco Intervention (BTI) that is currently being implemented as part of Technical Training. We found that a motivational interviewing based, 40 minute BTI was efficacious in increasing perceived harm and decreasing intentions to use tobacco in a sample of 1055 Air Force trainees. Although we obtained significant positive changes that are predictive of future tobacco use in self-reported intent to use (decreased) and self-reported perceived harm (increased), we did not obtain measures of actual tobacco resumption following the tobacco use ban in Air Force training. This study will obtain and analyze data on these measures.
Airmen will be consented in the presence of an Ombudsman and randomly assigned to either (1) BTI + The Airman's Guide to Remaining Tobacco Free at the beginning of Technical Training, (2) The Airman's Guide to Remaining Tobacco Free (no BTI), or (3) the standard smoking cessation pamphlet (no BTI). All interventions in this study are command-directed interventions provided to all Technical Training students in the 37th Training Group. Airmen who are willing to participate in the study will be consented before the administration of the brief assessment of the BTI. Immediately following the intervention, consented Airmen will receive another assessment to evaluate any immediate changes in several important cognitive constructs (e.g., perceived harm, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, attitudes, intentions). At the end of Technical Training (3 months), consented Airmen will complete a final assessment to determine tobacco abstinence.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| BTI + Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet | Experimental | Behavioral: BTI, Behavioral: Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphletBTI + Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet |
| Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet | Active comparator | Behavioral: Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphletCigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet |
| Standard smoking cessation pamphlet | Active comparator | Behavioral: Standard smoking cessation interventionStandard smoking cessation pamphlet |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Participants will be Active duty Air Force Technical Training students from the 37th Training Group (JBSA Lackland), who are at least 18 years old.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Individuals unable to understand the consent procedures would be excluded.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| BTIBrief Tobacco Intervention (BTI). The group intervention was designed to include the components of effective tobacco control programs for military personnel, and specifically tailored to the Technical Training environment. The intervention is approximately 40 minutes and delivered in a group format (e.g., groups of 50 Airmen). The format of the BTI is meant to be interactive, utilizing the Socratic teaching style and eliciting participation through the principles of motivational interviewing. A series of open-ended questions, reflections, and decisional balance, were used to increases motivation to remain tobacco free. | Behavioural | BTI + Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet |
| Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphletAlso: The Airman's Guide to Remaining Tobacco FreeThe Airmen's Guide is 5×7 inches, 46 pages, with text and color illustration. The text covers the advantages of remaining tobacco-free after Basic Military Training, and the opportunity the ban provides to begin a lifetime without tobacco, focusing on cigarettes and smokeless tobacco. Information is included about challenges and coping suggestions for the times that Airmen are at particular risk of smoking. The text is supplemented by images created specifically for Airmen and designed to reinforce the messages that smoking: 1) is responsible for more fatalities than combat; 2) conveys a negative image to civilians; and 3) impedes military readiness and promotion through the ranks. | Behavioural | BTI + Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet, Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet |
| Standard smoking cessation interventionAlso: National Cancer Institute's Clearing the AirThis booklet is a 36-page, comprehensive guide for quitting smoking with 7 pages dedicated to relapse-prevention. | Behavioural | Standard smoking cessation pamphlet |
Primary outcome
tobacco continuous abstinence
Time frame: 3 months
No tobacco use at 3 month follow-up since pre-assessment
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Oct 2021.
- Background: PubMed 32060547Fahey MC, Talcott GW, McMurry TL, Klesges RC, Tubman D, Krukowski RA, Little MA. When, How, & Where Tobacco Initiation and Relapse Occur During U.S. Air Force Technical Training. Mil Med. 2020 Jun 8;185(5-6):e609-e615. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usaa016.
- Background: PubMed 26508394Little MA, Talcott GW, Bursac Z, Linde BD, Pagano LA, Messler EC, Ebbert JO, Klesges RC. Efficacy of a Brief Tobacco Intervention for Tobacco and Nicotine Containing Product Use in the US Air Force. Nicotine Tob Res. 2016 May;18(5):1142-9. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv242. Epub 2015 Oct 27.
- Results publication: PubMed 31903494Little MA, Fahey MC, Klesges RC, McMurry T, Talcott GW. Evaluating the Effects of a Brief Tobacco Intervention in the US Air Force. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Aug 24;22(9):1569-1577. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa001.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing BTI, Cigarette smoking military tailored pamphlet and Standard smoking cessation intervention in people with Tobacco Use and Tobacco Smoking, run by University of Virginia at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Oct 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
tobacco continuous abstinence (time frame: 3 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03196102, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Oct 2021.