Psychology, SocialNCT03220412
Viewing Movie Violence & Interest in Guns
A study testing Movies with Guns in people with Psychology, Social and Adolescent Behavior, run by Ohio State University.
Trial summary
More American children die by accidental gun use than children in other developed countries. One factor that can influence children's interest in guns is exposure to media containing guns. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 8 to 12 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Psychology, Social, Adolescent Behavior
- What is being tested?
- Movies with Guns
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 104 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 15 Jul 2015to 1 Jan 2016
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 8 to 12 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Age 8-12yrs, had not participated in study prior, was able to schedule participation with a known peer (8-12yo).
Who cannot join
- Younger than 8yo, older than 12yo, had participated in study prior, could not schedule participation with a known peer (8-12yo)
About this study
Official title: Exposure to Gun Violence in Movies Increases Interest in Real Guns
More American children die by accidental gun use than children in other developed countries. One factor that can influence children's interest in guns is exposure to media containing guns. The objective of this study is to test whether children who see a movie containing guns will handle a real gun longer and will pull the trigger more times than children who see the same movie without guns.
Read the detailed description
A recent analysis of top selling films found that the depiction of guns in violent scenes in PG-13 films that target youth has increased from the level of G and PG files in 1985 when the rating was introduced, to the level of R films by 2005, to exceed the level of R films since 2012. By definition, a PG-13 movie is supposed to have less violence than an R-rated movie. The Motion Picture Association of America says on its website that the violence in a PG-13 movie "does not reach the restricted R category." Our study shows that it does. By including guns in violent scenes, film producers may be inadvertently increasing aggression in youth via a weapons effect. This experiment directly tests this hypothesis.
- Conditions
- Psychology, Social, Adolescent Behavior
- Being tested
- Movies with Guns
- Keywords
- adolescent, gun, violence, media
- Medical subject headings
- Adolescent Behavior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Movies with GunsBehavioural
Participants in this arm viewed movies (National Treasure, The Rocketeer) without guns. The movies, rated PG, were edited to remove guns from the scenes
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Condition | Experimental | Intervention was guns in movies. Participants in this condition viewed a movie with guns, as it was filmed and distributed. The actual scenes in the movie (National Treasure or The Rocketeer) was not edited, but the same scenes were used as the Experimental Condition Intervention is m Receives: Behavioral: Movies with Guns |
| Control Condition | No intervention | Participants in this condition viewed a movie without guns. The movie (National Treasure or The Rocketeer) was edited to remove guns from scenes. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Trigger Pulls
The adjusted median of the number of trigger pulls per child. These data refer to the reduced Generalized Estimating Equation model for the two conditions. This model included participant gender and condition, bu not any of the other control variables.
Measured: 20 minutes after intervention
Seconds Holding Gun
Number of seconds participant held gun
Measured: 20 minutes after intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Jul 2017
- Study start15 Jul 2015
- Primary completion1 Jan 2016
- Study completion1 Jan 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Psychology, SocialStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Ohio State UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants are randomly assigned to watch a movie containing guns, or a movie not containing guns.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 104 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ohio State University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Brad Bushman, Ohio State University
- Investigators
- Brad J Bushman, PhD, Principal investigator, The Ohio State Universit
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03220412
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2013B0542-3
- Status last verified
- May 2019
- First submitted
- 14 Jul 2017
- Last updated
- 3 Jun 2019
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: We are considering making individual participant data available, but need to determine steps and appropriateness according to our institutional IRB board.
Publications
Dillon KP, Bushman BJ. Effects of Exposure to Gun Violence in Movies on Children's Interest in Real Guns. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Nov 1;171(11):1057-1062. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2229.
PubMed 28973535
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Jun 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Exposure to Gun Violence in Movies Increases Interest in Real Guns
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03220412
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2013B0542-3
- Conditions
- Psychology, Social, Adolescent Behavior
- Keywords
- adolescent, gun, violence, media
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 104 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ohio State UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Jul 2015 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jan 2016 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jan 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Jul 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 10 May 2019
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
More American children die by accidental gun use than children in other developed countries. One factor that can influence children's interest in guns is exposure to media containing guns. The objective of this study is to test whether children who see a movie containing guns will handle a real gun longer and will pull the trigger more times than children who see the same movie without guns.
Detailed description
A recent analysis of top selling films found that the depiction of guns in violent scenes in PG-13 films that target youth has increased from the level of G and PG files in 1985 when the rating was introduced, to the level of R films by 2005, to exceed the level of R films since 2012. By definition, a PG-13 movie is supposed to have less violence than an R-rated movie. The Motion Picture Association of America says on its website that the violence in a PG-13 movie "does not reach the restricted R category." Our study shows that it does. By including guns in violent scenes, film producers may be inadvertently increasing aggression in youth via a weapons effect. This experiment directly tests this hypothesis.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants are randomly assigned to watch a movie containing guns, or a movie not containing guns.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Condition | Experimental | Behavioral: Movies with GunsIntervention was guns in movies. Participants in this condition viewed a movie with guns, as it was filmed and distributed. The actual scenes in the movie (National Treasure or The Rocketeer) was not edited, but the same scenes were used as the Experimental Condition Intervention is m |
| Control Condition | No intervention | –Participants in this condition viewed a movie without guns. The movie (National Treasure or The Rocketeer) was edited to remove guns from scenes. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 8 to 12 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Age 8-12yrs, had not participated in study prior, was able to schedule participation with a known peer (8-12yo).
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Younger than 8yo, older than 12yo, had participated in study prior, could not schedule participation with a known peer (8-12yo)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Movies with GunsParticipants in this arm viewed movies (National Treasure, The Rocketeer) without guns. The movies, rated PG, were edited to remove guns from the scenes | Behavioural | Experimental Condition |
Primary outcome
Trigger Pulls
Time frame: 20 minutes after intervention
The adjusted median of the number of trigger pulls per child. These data refer to the reduced Generalized Estimating Equation model for the two conditions. This model included participant gender and condition, bu not any of the other control variables.
Seconds Holding Gun
Time frame: 20 minutes after intervention
Number of seconds participant held gun
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Jun 2019.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28973535Dillon KP, Bushman BJ. Effects of Exposure to Gun Violence in Movies on Children's Interest in Real Guns. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Nov 1;171(11):1057-1062. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2229.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. We are considering making individual participant data available, but need to determine steps and appropriateness according to our institutional IRB board.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Brad J Bushman, PhD principal investigator
The Ohio State Universit
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Movies with Guns in people with Psychology, Social and Adolescent Behavior, run by Ohio State University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Jun 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 10 May 2019). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Trigger Pulls (time frame: 20 minutes after intervention). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03220412, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Jun 2019.