AzTrials
AzTrials

OsteoporosisNCT03371433

Soft Drinks and Osteoporosis in WHI Participants

An observational study of Osteoporosis and Diet Habit, run by University of California, San Diego.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

Osteoporotic fractures, as a consequence of a reduced mineral bone density (BMD) represents a major public health problem. The lifetime risk of fractures exceeds 40% for women and 13% for men. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 50 to 79 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Osteoporosis, Diet Habit
What is being tested?
Soft drinks
How many people
79,885 participants
Where
No sites listed yet
Study dates
1 Jul 2016to 1 May 2017
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 50 to 79 years
  • Women only
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Study population: The WHI is an ongoing national study that enrolled 161,808 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 at baseline, enrolled during 1993-1998. Data collection at screening and enrollment included questionnaires completed by self-report or interview, physical examination, and blood specimen collection. Information on soda intake (total, caffeinated and caffeine-free) was collected at the sixth follow-up year in the OS among 79,885 women who form the baseline study population for this analysis. After exclusion of participants who had incomplete exposure information (n=5,413), had previous history of hip fracture (n=471), or less than one day of follow up after Year 6 (n=1659), a cohort of 72,342 participants contributing 700,388 person/years of follow-up was used for the prospective analysis. All participants provided informed consent at baseline and subsequently for extended follow-up.

Who may be able to join

  • Postmenopausal women
  • More than one day of follow up
  • Dietary information on soft drinks

Who cannot join

  • Previous hip fracture

About this study

Official title: Association Between Soft Drink Consumption and Osteoporotic Fractures Among Postmenopausal Women: The Women´s Health Initiative

Osteoporotic fractures, as a consequence of a reduced mineral bone density (BMD) represents a major public health problem. The lifetime risk of fractures exceeds 40% for women and 13% for men. At least ten different individual characteristics have already been proposed, evaluated, and some of them accepted as risk factors. Some of those risk factors were compiled in a tool developed by the World Health Organization in order to predict the ten-risk for a new fracture, even without considering BMD in that prediction . Increased consumption of carbonated soft drinks has been reported to have associations to a lower bone mineral density and an increment in bone fractures among young and also elder subjects.

However, some prospective studies have not found any significant associations and others suggested that risk is only increased for some kinds of beverages, like cola beverages, but not to the entire universe of soft drinks. In this sense, a large prospective analysis performed on 1413 women and 1125 men from the Framingham Offspring Cohort, analyzed- the relation between soft drinks consumption and BMD at the spine and 3 hip sites. Cola intake was associated with significantly lower BMD at each hip site, but not the spine, in women but not in men. Similar results were observed for diet cola and, although weaker, for decaffeinated cola. No significant relations between non-cola carbonated beverage consumption and BMD were observed.

Read more

In spite of the fact that reduced bone mineral density and osteoporotic fractures represent an increasing burden of disease and disability in postmenopausal women, most of the studies performed in this population used BMD as primary outcome, and not common osteoporotic fractures (e.g. hip, spine or wrist). Therefore, there is no conclusive evidence of a potential causal association between soft drinks (cola and non-cola) and fractures in a population in which osteoporotic fractures hold the highest incidence.

This research proposal is based on using the Women Health Initiative data to analyze the relation between cola and non-cola soft drinks consumption on common osteoporotic fractures. BMD will be considered a secondary outcome.

Being tested
Soft drinks
Keywords
Osteoporosis, Hip Fractures, Soft Drinks
Medical subject headings
Osteoporosis, Feeding Behavior, Hip Fractures

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Soft drinksOther

    Caffeine and Caffeine free soft drinks

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Lumbar spine osteoporosis

    Bone mineral density lumbar spine measured in grams/square centimeters

    Measured: median 16 years

  2. Total hip osteoporosis

    Bone mineral density at the total hip measured in grams/square centimeters

    Measured: median 16 years

  3. Hip fractures

    Number of participants that suffered a hip fracture

    Measured: median 16 years

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted13 Dec 2017
  2. Study start1 Jul 2016
  3. Primary completion1 May 2017
  4. Study completion1 May 2017

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Retrospective
Enrolment
79,885 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03371433
Sponsor's protocol ID
170149XX
Status last verified
Dec 2017
First submitted
7 Dec 2017
Last updated
13 Dec 2017
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Johnell O, Kanis JA. An estimate of the worldwide prevalence, mortality and disability associated with hip fracture. Osteoporos Int. 2004 Nov;15(11):897-902. doi: 10.1007/s00198-004-1627-0. Epub 2004 May 4.

    PubMed 15490120

  • Park S, Xu F, Town M, Blanck HM. Prevalence of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among Adults--23 States and the District of Columbia, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Feb 26;65(7):169-74. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6507a1.

    PubMed 26914018

  • Kim SH, Morton DJ, Barrett-Connor EL. Carbonated beverage consumption and bone mineral density among older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Public Health. 1997 Feb;87(2):276-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.87.2.276.

    PubMed 9103110

  • Ogur R, Uysal B, Ogur T, Yaman H, Oztas E, Ozdemir A, Hasde M. Evaluation of the effect of cola drinks on bone mineral density and associated factors. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 May;100(5):334-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00053.x.

    PubMed 17448120

  • Tucker KL, Morita K, Qiao N, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, Kiel DP. Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Oct;84(4):936-42. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.936.

    PubMed 17023723

  • Fung TT, Arasaratnam MH, Grodstein F, Katz JN, Rosner B, Willett WC, Feskanich D. Soda consumption and risk of hip fractures in postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Sep;100(3):953-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.083352. Epub 2014 Aug 6.

    PubMed 25099544

  • Chen Z, Kooperberg C, Pettinger MB, Bassford T, Cauley JA, LaCroix AZ, Lewis CE, Kipersztok S, Borne C, Jackson RD. Validity of self-report for fractures among a multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative observational study and clinical trials. Menopause. 2004 May-Jun;11(3):264-74. doi: 10.1097/01.gme.0000094210.15096.fd.

    PubMed 15167305

  • Fitzpatrick L, Heaney RP. Got soda? J Bone Miner Res. 2003 Sep;18(9):1570-2. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.9.1570. No abstract available.

    PubMed 12968665

  • Cuomo R, Sarnelli G, Savarese MF, Buyckx M. Carbonated beverages and gastrointestinal system: between myth and reality. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Dec;19(10):683-9. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.03.020. Epub 2009 Jun 6.

    PubMed 19502016

  • Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group. Control Clin Trials. 1998 Feb;19(1):61-109. doi: 10.1016/s0197-2456(97)00078-0.

    PubMed 9492970

  • Wyshak G, Frisch RE. Carbonated beverages, dietary calcium, the dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio, and bone fractures in girls and boys. J Adolesc Health. 1994 May;15(3):210-5. doi: 10.1016/1054-139x(94)90506-1.

    PubMed 8075091

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Osteoporosis and Diet Habit, run by University of California, San Diego.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Dec 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Lumbar spine osteoporosis (time frame: median 16 years). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03371433, which also lists 11 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Dec 2017.

AzTrials uses cookies for analytics and advertising. You can accept or reject them; the site works either way. Privacy Policy.

Free account

Log in to keep searching

You’ve used your 3 free searches. AzTrials is free: log in or create a free account to keep searching clinical trials and save the ones you want to follow.

Create a free accountLog in