Acute Myeloid LeukemiaEarly Phase 1ATACC AMLNCT03568994
Atovaquone (Mepron®) Combined With Conventional Chemotherapy for de Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
A Early Phase 1 study testing Atovaquone, Cytarabine and Daunorubicin in people with Acute Myeloid Leukemia, run by Baylor College of Medicine at 2 sites in United States.
Trial summary
This study will test daily dosing of atovaquone at established pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis dosing in combination with standard induction chemotherapy for de novo AML. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 1 month to 20 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- What is being tested?
- Atovaquone, Cytarabine and Daunorubicin
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 26 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 10 Jul 2018to 20 Sep 2025
- Phase
- Early Phase 1
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 1 month to 20 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age: Children ≥1 month and children and young adults < 21 years of age
- Diagnosis: Patients must be newly diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia
- 2.1 Patients with previously untreated primary AML who meet the customary criteria for AML with ≥ 20% bone marrow blasts as set out in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) Myeloid Neoplasm Classification are eligible.
- Attempts to obtain bone marrow either by aspirate or biopsy must be made unless clinically prohibitive. In cases where it is clinically prohibitive, peripheral blood with an excess of 20% blasts and in which adequate flow cytometric and cytogenetics/Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) testing is feasible can be substituted for the marrow exam at diagnosis
- 2.2 Patients with < 20% bone marrow or peripheral blood blasts are eligible if they have:
- A karyotypic abnormality characteristic of de novo AML (t(8;21)(q22;q22), inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13;q22) or 11q23 abnormalities,
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- The unequivocal presence of megakaryoblasts, or
- Biopsy proven isolated myeloid sarcoma (myeloblastoma; chloroma, including leukemia cutis).
- Pre-existing myelodysplastic syndrome:
- Patients with a history of myelodysplastic syndrome that has progressed to AML which meets the criteria above are eligible.
- Therapy-related or secondary AML Patients with AML which is thought to be therapy related but meet the criteria above are eligible.
- Prior Therapy:
- Prior therapy with hydroxyurea, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), corticosteroids (any route), and IT cytarabine given at diagnosis is allowed. Hydroxyurea and ATRA cannot be given concurrently with protocol therapy. There is no specific amount of time mandated between the last dose of hydroxyurea or ATRA and the start of protocol therapy.
- With the exception of infants who had previously received low dose cytarabine to control disease, patients who have previously received any other antileukemic therapy (i.e. chemotherapy or radiation therapy) are not eligible for this protocol.
- Organ Function Requirement:
- Adequate Liver Function Defined as:
- Direct Bilirubin ≤2x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age and institution (unless related to leukemic involvement), and
- serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (ALT) ≤2.5x ULN for age and institution (unless it is related to leukemic involvement)
- Ability to receive enteral medication:
- Eligible patients should have no contraindication to enteral administration of medication (e.g. oral, Nasogastric (NG), G-tube, etc) as determined by the evaluating physician.
Who cannot join
- Excluded Constitutional Conditions
- Patients with a history of any of the following constitutional conditions are not eligible:
- Fanconi anemia
- Shwachman syndrome
- Any other known constitutional bone marrow failure syndrome
- Patients with constitutional trisomy 21 or with constitutional mosaicism of trisomy 21 who are eligible to receive treatment for Down Syndrome (DS) related AML Note: Enrollment and initiation of therapy may occur pending results of clinically indicated studies to exclude these conditions. If a patient is found to have any of these conditions they should be removed from the study once results are received. Patients who are removed due to ineligibility after results are received will be replaced.
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- Other Excluded Conditions
- Patients with any of the following oncologic diagnoses are not eligible:
- Any concurrent malignancy
- Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)
- Philadelphia chromosome positive AML
- Biphenotypic or bilineal acute leukemia
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia Note: Enrollment and initiation of therapy may occur pending results of clinically indicated studies to exclude these conditions. If a patient is found to have any of these conditions they should be removed from the study once results are received. Patients who are removed due to ineligibility after results are received will be replaced.
- Prior receipt of anthracyclines Patients with treatment-related AML who have received more than 250mg/m2 of anthracyclines (in daunorubicin equivalents) are not eligible.
- Known Allergy or Intolerance to Atovaquone Patients with a known allergy or intolerance to atovaquone are not eligible.
- Enrollment on another ongoing treatment study Patients who are enrolled on a treatment study are not eligible
- Pregnancy or Breast-Feeding 6.1 Female patients who are pregnant are ineligible since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs.
- 6.2 Lactating females are not eligible unless they have agreed not to breastfeed their infants.
- 6.3 Female patients of childbearing potential are not eligible unless a negative pregnancy test result has been obtained.
- Informed Consent: All patients and/or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent. Assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
United States2 sites
Johns Hopkins Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
Baylor College of Medicine - Texas Childrens Hospital
Houston, Texas, 77030
About this study
Official title: A Trial of Atovaquone (Mepron®) Combined With Conventional Chemotherapy for de Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults (ATACC AML)
This study will test daily dosing of atovaquone at established pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis dosing in combination with standard induction chemotherapy for de novo AML. The primary objectives are to determine the frequency of omission of atovaquone doses due to standard induction chemotherapy toxicity, to quantify the steady-state plasma levels of atovaquone, and to determine the time to achievement of steady state atovaquone levels in this population.
Read the detailed description
Standard cytotoxic chemotherapy is based on the Medical Research Council (MRC) backbone of cytarabine, and daunorubicin. This combination of chemotherapy is highly myelosuppressive and can lead to oral aversions, dietary intolerance, and gastrointestinal infections necessitating holding of oral drugs. Because of the toxicity of the best currently available therapy, new drugs that are considered for incorporation into existing treatment regimens will ideally have a tolerable side effect profile. This study will evaluate the tolerability of incorporating the orally bioavailable drug atovaquone in combination with standard cytotoxic induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed pediatric AML patients. Therefore, quantifying the frequency with which atovaquone is held due to a side effect of therapy is crucial information to gather in this population.
- Conditions
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Being tested
- Atovaquone, Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, Etoposide, Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin
- Medical subject headings
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
AtovaquoneDrug
Also called Mepron
Patients will receive standard of care MRC based Induction chemotherapy (such as ADE 10+3+5 with daily atovaquone dosing starting on day 6. In order to accommodate potential drug shortages modifications to ADE 10+3+5 that retain the MRC based induction backbone regimen of DA are allowed (see second Arm). These include but are not limited to substitution of etopophos for etoposide, exclusion of etoposide, use of CPX-351 (VYXEOS (daunorubicin and cytarabine) liposome) only, and daunorubicin and cytarabine (DA) + gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO).
Patients will be monitored for adherence to and tolerance of daily dosing of atovaquone. Peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow plasma samples will be obtained to measure atovaquone concentrations.
CytarabineDrug
As part of routine Induction 1 chemotherapy (ADE 10+3+5)
DaunorubicinDrug
As part of routine Induction 1 chemotherapy (ADE 10+3+5)
EtoposideDrug
As part of routine Induction 1 chemotherapy (ADE 10+3+5)
Gemtuzumab OzogamicinDrug
As part of routine Induction 1 chemotherapy(DA 3+10 + GO)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ADE 10+3+5 plus Atovaquone (AQ) | Experimental | Induction I ADE: cytarabine, daunorubicin, etoposide 10+3+5, atovaquone daily |
| DA 3+10 with GO plus AQ | Experimental | Induction I DA: daunorubicin, cytarabine 3+10 with GO: gemtuzumab ozogamicin, atovaquone daily Receives: Drug: Atovaquone; Drug: Cytarabine; Drug: Daunorubicin; Drug: Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Plasma Concentrations
The investigators will determine plasma levels of atovaquone at the following time points: Day 6, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 22, 29 and on the day of the end of induction bone marrow (BM) assessment (generally around Day 36).
Measured: 5 weeks
Dose Omission Frequency
To quantify the frequency of atovaquone doses omitted due to standard MRC related toxicity. Administration of doses of atovaquone will be monitored while the patient is hospitalized in the electronic medical record and abstracted to case report forms. Families will also be given a diary to complete.
Measured: 5 weeks
Time to Achieve Steady State
Time to achieving steady state concentrations of atovaquone when given in combination with standard chemotherapy in children with de novo AML will be determined using stepwise tests of linear trend.
Measured: 5 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Jun 2018
- Study start10 Jul 2018
- Primary completion29 Sep 2020
- Study completion20 Sep 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Acute Myeloid LeukemiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Baylor College of MedicineThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Early Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Choice of Induction I regimen is at the treating physician's discretion (will be influenced based on drug availability)
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Baylor College of Medicine
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- William Marsh Rice University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Alexandra Stevens, Baylor College of Medicine
- Investigators
- Alexandra Stevens, MD, Principal investigator, Baylor College of Medicine
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03568994
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- H-42691
- Acronym
- ATACC AML
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 31 May 2018
- Last updated
- 23 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Conneely SE, Stevens AM. Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children: Emerging Paradigms in Genetics and New Approaches to Therapy. Curr Oncol Rep. 2021 Jan 13;23(2):16. doi: 10.1007/s11912-020-01009-3.
PubMed 33439382
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Trial of Atovaquone (Mepron®) Combined With Conventional Chemotherapy for de Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults (ATACC AML)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03568994
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ATACC AML / H-42691
- Conditions
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Phase
- Early Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Baylor College of MedicineUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- William Marsh Rice University
- Study start
- 10 Jul 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 29 Sep 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Sep 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Jun 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will test daily dosing of atovaquone at established pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis dosing in combination with standard induction chemotherapy for de novo AML. The primary objectives are to determine the frequency of omission of atovaquone doses due to standard induction chemotherapy toxicity, to quantify the steady-state plasma levels of atovaquone, and to determine the time to achievement of steady state atovaquone levels in this population.
Detailed description
Standard cytotoxic chemotherapy is based on the Medical Research Council (MRC) backbone of cytarabine, and daunorubicin. This combination of chemotherapy is highly myelosuppressive and can lead to oral aversions, dietary intolerance, and gastrointestinal infections necessitating holding of oral drugs. Because of the toxicity of the best currently available therapy, new drugs that are considered for incorporation into existing treatment regimens will ideally have a tolerable side effect profile. This study will evaluate the tolerability of incorporating the orally bioavailable drug atovaquone in combination with standard cytotoxic induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed pediatric AML patients. Therefore, quantifying the frequency with which atovaquone is held due to a side effect of therapy is crucial information to gather in this population.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Choice of Induction I regimen is at the treating physician's discretion (will be influenced based on drug availability)
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| ADE 10+3+5 plus Atovaquone (AQ) | Experimental | –Induction I ADE: cytarabine, daunorubicin, etoposide 10+3+5, atovaquone daily |
| DA 3+10 with GO plus AQ | Experimental | Drug: Atovaquone, Drug: Cytarabine, Drug: Daunorubicin, Drug: Gemtuzumab OzogamicinInduction I DA: daunorubicin, cytarabine 3+10 with GO: gemtuzumab ozogamicin, atovaquone daily |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 1 month to 20 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (20 listed)
- Age: Children ≥1 month and children and young adults < 21 years of age
- Diagnosis: Patients must be newly diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia
- 2.1 Patients with previously untreated primary AML who meet the customary criteria for AML with ≥ 20% bone marrow blasts as set out in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) Myeloid Neoplasm Classification are eligible.
- Attempts to obtain bone marrow either by aspirate or biopsy must be made unless clinically prohibitive. In cases where it is clinically prohibitive, peripheral blood with an excess of 20% blasts and in which adequate flow cytometric and cytogenetics/Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) testing is feasible can be substituted for the marrow exam at diagnosis
- Pre-existing myelodysplastic syndrome:
Key exclusion criteria (20 listed)
- Excluded Constitutional Conditions
- Patients with a history of any of the following constitutional conditions are not eligible:
- Other Excluded Conditions
- Prior receipt of anthracyclines Patients with treatment-related AML who have received more than 250mg/m2 of anthracyclines (in daunorubicin equivalents) are not eligible.
- Known Allergy or Intolerance to Atovaquone Patients with a known allergy or intolerance to atovaquone are not eligible.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| AtovaquoneAlso: MepronPatients will receive standard of care MRC based Induction chemotherapy (such as ADE 10+3+5 with daily atovaquone dosing starting on day 6. In order to accommodate potential drug shortages modifications to ADE 10+3+5 that retain the MRC based induction backbone regimen of DA are allowed (see second Arm). These include but are not limited to substitution of etopophos for etoposide, exclusion of etoposide, use of CPX-351 (VYXEOS (daunorubicin and cytarabine) liposome) only, and daunorubicin and cytarabine (DA) + gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO). Patients will be monitored for adherence to and tolerance of daily dosing of atovaquone. Peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow plasma samples will be obtained to measure atovaquone concentrations. | Drug | DA 3+10 with GO plus AQ |
| CytarabineAs part of routine Induction 1 chemotherapy (ADE 10+3+5) | Drug | DA 3+10 with GO plus AQ |
| DaunorubicinAs part of routine Induction 1 chemotherapy (ADE 10+3+5) | Drug | DA 3+10 with GO plus AQ |
| EtoposideAs part of routine Induction 1 chemotherapy (ADE 10+3+5) | Drug | – |
| Gemtuzumab OzogamicinAs part of routine Induction 1 chemotherapy(DA 3+10 + GO) | Drug | DA 3+10 with GO plus AQ |
Primary outcome
Plasma Concentrations
Time frame: 5 weeks
The investigators will determine plasma levels of atovaquone at the following time points: Day 6, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 22, 29 and on the day of the end of induction bone marrow (BM) assessment (generally around Day 36).
Dose Omission Frequency
Time frame: 5 weeks
To quantify the frequency of atovaquone doses omitted due to standard MRC related toxicity. Administration of doses of atovaquone will be monitored while the patient is hospitalized in the electronic medical record and abstracted to case report forms. Families will also be given a diary to complete.
Time to Achieve Steady State
Time frame: 5 weeks
Time to achieving steady state concentrations of atovaquone when given in combination with standard chemotherapy in children with de novo AML will be determined using stepwise tests of linear trend.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Jun 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33439382Conneely SE, Stevens AM. Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children: Emerging Paradigms in Genetics and New Approaches to Therapy. Curr Oncol Rep. 2021 Jan 13;23(2):16. doi: 10.1007/s11912-020-01009-3.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Alexandra Stevens, MD principal investigator
Baylor College of Medicine
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Early Phase 1 study testing Atovaquone, Cytarabine and Daunorubicin in people with Acute Myeloid Leukemia, run by Baylor College of Medicine at 2 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 20 inclusion and 20 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Early Phase 1 (sometimes called Phase 0) studies give a very small amount of a treatment to a few people, mainly to see how the body handles it.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Plasma Concentrations (time frame: 5 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03568994, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Jun 2026.