Effects of a Single Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) on Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Reduction

Subject inclusion criteria:

1. Subjects will be of either sex, age 18 years or older, and of any race or eye color.
2. Subjects with confirmed ocular hypertension (OHT), glaucoma suspects or diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma whose IOP was ≥ 20 mmHg at two measurements separated by at least 3 months. If subject already on IOP lowering medication and goes through the 4 week washout, they must still have initial IOP ≥ 20 mmHg at the Baseline I screening visit.
3. Subjects who do not have visual field defect(s), as determined by Visual Field Analysis within the last year such as "blind spots" and other visual image distortions from normal vision.
4. Subjects who do not have abnormal cupping of the optic nerve head.
5. Subjects who do not have narrow angles as determined by gonioscopy (must be at least angle grade 2 to 3; Shaffer Classification Scale) recorded in the subject's patient record or as determined by biomicroscopy.
6. Subjects who have not been treated with ocular hypotensive agents (or, if they have been treated, not for at least the preceding 4 weeks before Baseline I Screening).
7. Subjects must satisfy all informed consent requirements.
8. Subjects whose mean IOP measurements in at least one (1) eye, the same eye(s), must be:

• Greater than or equal to 20 mmHg at the 8:00 AM time-point on the Screening and Enrollment Visits (1 and 2) and
• Greater than or equal to 19 mmHg at the 5 PM time-points on the Screening and Enrollment Visits (1 and 2).

Subject exclusion criteria:

1. Subjects who have had any traumatic brain injury or head trauma, which resulted in upper-spinal fusion which requires metal or plastic screws or plates and/or cranial bone surgery, which involves penetration of the cranial bones and/or implantation of a metal plate.
2. Subjects who have a concurrent diagnosis of cancer or metastatic disease affecting the head and neck.
3. Subjects who are less than 18 years old.
4. Subjects who are lactating, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant in the time planned for the study, to be confirmed by a urine pregnancy if the woman is still menstruating.
5. Subjects who have a history of chronic or recurrent severe inflammatory eye disease (e.g., scleritis - inflammation of the white part of the eye or uveitis - eye redness, pain and blurred vision) in either eye as determined by patient history and/or examination.
6. Subjects who have a history of clinically significant or progressive retinal disease in either eye such as retinal degeneration (which is the breakdown of the light-sensitive cells in retina), diabetic retinopathy (involves changes to retinal blood vessels that can cause them to bleed or leak fluid), or retinal detachment which is separation of the retina from the layer of cells behind it with permanent field loss as determined by patient history and/or examination.
7. Subjects who have a history of serious ocular trauma in either eye within the past six (6) months as determined by patient history and/or examination.
8. Subjects who have had intraocular surgery in either eye within the past six (6) months as determined by patient history and/or examination.
9. Subjects who have had ocular laser surgery, which is the use of a laser beam to make a very small hole in the eye tissue (also known as Lasik) in either eye within the past three (3) months as determined by patient history and/or examination.
10. Subjects who have a history of ocular infection or ocular inflammation in either eye within the past three (3) months as determined by patient history and/or examination.
11. Subjects who have any abnormality preventing reliable applanation tonometry of either eye (e.g., keratoconus (a thinning of the cornea), cornea (eyes outer most layer) or conjunctiva (the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids) scarring.
12. Subjects who have less than a thirty (30) days stable dosing regimen before the Screening and Enrollment Visits (Visits 1 and 2) of any non-ocular medications that may affect IOP, administered by any route and used on a chronic basis. These may include, but are not limited to, alpha agonists, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antimuscarinic agents, and phenothiazines.
13. Subjects who have other treatments and/or surgeries unrelated to the eye condition scheduled in the time planned for the study.
14. Subjects who are allergic to Latex, PABA, Proparacaine, or Fluorescein.
15. Subjects who have had prior surgical or laser treatment for the purpose of lowering their IOP.
16. Subjects who currently have systemic infections resulting in fever or immunosuppression.
17. Subjects who have had previous manual medicine or manual therapy with manually guided gentle forces to realign musculoskeletal imbalances or relax strained muscles such as osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), chiropractic manipulation, massage within the last 2 months.
18. Subjects who are unable to give appropriate informed consent due to mental or other limitations.
19. Additionally, the Principal Investigator may declare any subject ineligible for a valid medical reason.