Feeding and Eating DisordersNCT03759444
Perception of Time by Individuals With Eating Disorders
An observational study of Feeding and Eating Disorders, run by Malgorzata Starzomska.
Trial summary
The objective of the study was to determine how patients with eating disorders perceive time, and in particular whether their experience of time differs from that of healthy individuals. Another goal was to examine the relationship between the mood of the subjects and their time perspective. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Feeding and Eating Disorders
- What is being tested?
- Questionnaires
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 May 2014to 30 Jul 2017
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- Women only
- Adult
Study population: The clinical and control groups did not differ significantly in terms of age (t = 1.64, p = 0.100) or height (t = -0.54, p = 0.590). Obviously, significant differences were found in terms of weight and BMI (t = -2.93 and t = -3.03, p < 0.01, respectively): women with eating disorders were much lighter (M = 50.78, SD = 13.05) and had a much lower BMI (M = 18.3, SD = 4.49) than healthy controls (M = 60.43, SD = 12.48, and M = 21.62, SD = 3.98, respectively). The mean duration of eating disorder was 8.9 years (SD = 5.23).
Who may be able to join
- Clinical diagnosis of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa)
- Age between 18 and 40 years
Who cannot join
- diagnosis of other (except eating disorders) mental disorder
- Age below 18 years and above 40 years
About this study
Official title: Stuck in Painful Time: Perception of Time by Individuals With Eating Disorders
The objective of the study was to determine how patients with eating disorders perceive time, and in particular whether their experience of time differs from that of healthy individuals. Another goal was to examine the relationship between the mood of the subjects and their time perspective. The subjects were 30 women with eating disorders and 30 age-matched healthy female controls. The three measures applied were: the Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapinska, the Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo, and the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) by Matthews et al.
Read the detailed description
The objective of the study was to determine how individuals with eating disorders perceive time, and in particular whether their experience of time differs from that of healthy persons. Another aim was to investigate the relationship between the mood of the subjects and their time perception as well as determine a variable moderating that relationship.
First, it was expected that eating-disordered patients experience time as a rather aversive and unfriendly force marked with chaos and void, in contrast to healthy subjects, who were predicted to treat it as something more friendly, appreciating its subtleties and the significance of the moment (Hypothesis 1).
Moreover, it was expected that individuals with eating disorders would exhibit a more negative temporal orientation, whether past or present, as compared to healthy controls, who would reveal more positive past, present, or future orientations (Hypothesis 2).
Finally, it was predicted that eating disorders moderate the relationship between mood and time perception (Hypothesis 3).
The study encompassed 30 women with eating disorders (19 patients with anorexia nervosa and 11 patients with bulimia nervosa) and 30 age-matched normal healthy controls. The clinical group consisted of patients of the residential eating disorder therapeutic center "Drzewo zycia" in Malawa as well as some outpatient clinics in Poland; some of the patients were not being actively treated at the time of the study. The controls included psychology students from two Polish universities (the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University and the University of Finance and Management, both in Warsaw), as well as researchers and educators who volunteered for the study.
The three measures applied in the study were:
- The Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapinska;
- Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo (Zimbardo \& Boyd, 1999; see also Zimbardo \& Boyd, 2009);
- The UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) (Matthews at al.; see also Gorynska, 2005).
- Conditions
- Feeding and Eating Disorders
- Being tested
- Questionnaires
- Keywords
- Perception of time, Eating disorders, Ego-syntonicity, Existential suffering, Psychotherapy
- Medical subject headings
- Feeding and Eating Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
QuestionnairesOther
The three questionnaires applied were: the Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapinska, the Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo, and the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) by Matthews et al.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| women with eating disorders | women with eating disorders (age: M = 26.88; SD = 5.82)
The three measures applied in this group were: the Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapinska (2007), the Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo (1999), and the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) by Matthews et al. (1990). Receives: Other: Questionnaires | |
| healthy female controls. | healthy female controls (age: M = 24.27; SD = 6.49)
The three measures applied in this group were: the Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapinska (2007), the Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo (1999), and the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) by Matthews et al. (1990). Receives: Other: Questionnaires |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapińska
The measure consists of 95 items formulated as metaphors describing ideas eliciting strong emotions. The subjects are asked to rate the items on a scale from 1 to 4, depending on the degree to which a given metaphor is consistent with their perception of time. The items are grouped into 3 scales reflecting positive attitudes to time: Friendly Time (subdivided into two subscales: Constructive Time and Pleasant Time), Significance of the Moment, and Subtle Time, as well as four scales covering negative attitudes to time: Hostile Time (with three subscales: Finiteness of Time, Bitter Time, and Confusion in Time), Rapid Passage of Time, Wild Time, and Empty Time. The questionnaire reveals satisfactory reliability and validity.
Measured: 1.05.2014-30.06.2017
Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo
The measure consists of 56 items which the respondents rate on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (very uncharacteristic of me) to 5 (very characteristic of me). The questionnaire tests 5 time perspectives: 1) Past-Negative, 2) Past-Positive, 3) Present-Hedonistic, 4) Present-Fatalistic, and 5) Future. The Polish version of this instrument has been reported to have both good reliability and validity.
Measured: 1.05.2014-30.06.2017
Transcendental Future Time Perspective Inventory
This is a one-dimensional scale that consists of 10 items which the respondents rate on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (very uncharacteristic of me) to 5 (very characteristic of me). It is used to assess individual attitudes and beliefs regarding the future, immediately following the imagined death of the physical body.
Measured: 1.05.2014-30.06.2017
The UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) by Matthews et al.
The instrument measures mood understood as an affective experience of a duration of at least several minutes; its three scales are Tense Arousal, Energetic Arousal, and Hedonic Tone. The UMACL consists of a list of 29 adjectives which the respondents rate in terms of applicability to their current mood on a four-point scale from definitely yes to definitely not. The reliability and validity of the Polish adaptation has been confirmed.
Measured: 1.05.2014-30.06.2017
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Nov 2018
- Study start1 May 2014
- Primary completion1 Jun 2017
- Study completion30 Jul 2017
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Feeding and Eating DisordersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Malgorzata Starzomska
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Malgorzata Starzomska, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University
- Investigators
- Malgorzata Starzomska, dr, Principal investigator, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03759444
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PBF-31/16
- Status last verified
- Nov 2018
- First submitted
- 20 Nov 2018
- Last updated
- 30 Nov 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Gorynska E. UMACL Mood Adjective Checklist by G. Matthews, A.G. Chamberlain, D.M. Jones. Pracownia Testow Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego, Warszawa, 2005.
Matthews G, Jones DM, Chamberlain AG. Refining the measurement of mood: the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist. British Journal of Psychology 81(1): 17-42, 1990.
Sobol-Kwapinska M. TMQ Time Metaphor Questionnaire: Manual. Pracownia Testow Psychologicznych PTP, Warszawa, 2008.
Zimbardo P G, Boyd J. The time paradox. PWN, Warszawa, 2009.
Zimbardo P, Boyd J. Putting time in perspective: a valid, reliable individual differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77(6): 1271-1288, 1999.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Nov 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Stuck in Painful Time: Perception of Time by Individuals With Eating Disorders
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03759444
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PBF-31/16
- Conditions
- Feeding and Eating Disorders
- Keywords
- Perception of time, Eating disorders, Ego-syntonicity, Existential suffering, Psychotherapy
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Malgorzata StarzomskaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 May 2014 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jun 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jul 2017 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Nov 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The objective of the study was to determine how patients with eating disorders perceive time, and in particular whether their experience of time differs from that of healthy individuals. Another goal was to examine the relationship between the mood of the subjects and their time perspective. The subjects were 30 women with eating disorders and 30 age-matched healthy female controls. The three measures applied were: the Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapinska, the Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo, and the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) by Matthews et al.
Detailed description
The objective of the study was to determine how individuals with eating disorders perceive time, and in particular whether their experience of time differs from that of healthy persons. Another aim was to investigate the relationship between the mood of the subjects and their time perception as well as determine a variable moderating that relationship.
First, it was expected that eating-disordered patients experience time as a rather aversive and unfriendly force marked with chaos and void, in contrast to healthy subjects, who were predicted to treat it as something more friendly, appreciating its subtleties and the significance of the moment (Hypothesis 1).
Moreover, it was expected that individuals with eating disorders would exhibit a more negative temporal orientation, whether past or present, as compared to healthy controls, who would reveal more positive past, present, or future orientations (Hypothesis 2).
Finally, it was predicted that eating disorders moderate the relationship between mood and time perception (Hypothesis 3).
The study encompassed 30 women with eating disorders (19 patients with anorexia nervosa and 11 patients with bulimia nervosa) and 30 age-matched normal healthy controls. The clinical group consisted of patients of the residential eating disorder therapeutic center "Drzewo zycia" in Malawa as well as some outpatient clinics in Poland; some of the patients were not being actively treated at the time of the study. The controls included psychology students from two Polish universities (the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University and the University of Finance and Management, both in Warsaw), as well as researchers and educators who volunteered for the study.
The three measures applied in the study were:
- The Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapinska;
- Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo (Zimbardo \& Boyd, 1999; see also Zimbardo \& Boyd, 2009);
- The UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) (Matthews at al.; see also Gorynska, 2005).
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| women with eating disorders | – | Other: Questionnaireswomen with eating disorders (age: M = 26.88; SD = 5.82) The three measures applied in this group were: the Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapinska (2007), the Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo (1999), and the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) by Matthews et al. (1990). |
| healthy female controls. | – | Other: Questionnaireshealthy female controls (age: M = 24.27; SD = 6.49) The three measures applied in this group were: the Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapinska (2007), the Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo (1999), and the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) by Matthews et al. (1990). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- The clinical and control groups did not differ significantly in terms of age (t = 1.64, p = 0.100) or height (t = -0.54, p = 0.590). Obviously, significant differences were found in terms of weight and BMI (t = -2.93 and t = -3.03, p < 0.01, respectively): women with eating disorders were much lighter (M = 50.78, SD = 13.05) and had a much lower BMI (M = 18.3, SD = 4.49) than healthy controls (M = 60.43, SD = 12.48, and M = 21.62, SD = 3.98, respectively). The mean duration of eating disorder was 8.9 years (SD = 5.23).
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Clinical diagnosis of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa)
- Age between 18 and 40 years
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- diagnosis of other (except eating disorders) mental disorder
- Age below 18 years and above 40 years
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| QuestionnairesThe three questionnaires applied were: the Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapinska, the Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo, and the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) by Matthews et al. | Other | healthy female controls., women with eating disorders |
Primary outcome
The Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapińska
Time frame: 1.05.2014-30.06.2017
The measure consists of 95 items formulated as metaphors describing ideas eliciting strong emotions. The subjects are asked to rate the items on a scale from 1 to 4, depending on the degree to which a given metaphor is consistent with their perception of time. The items are grouped into 3 scales reflecting positive attitudes to time: Friendly Time (subdivided into two subscales: Constructive Time and Pleasant Time), Significance of the Moment, and Subtle Time, as well as four scales covering negative attitudes to time: Hostile Time (with three subscales: Finiteness of Time, Bitter Time, and Confusion in Time), Rapid Passage of Time, Wild Time, and Empty Time. The questionnaire reveals satisfactory reliability and validity.
Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo
Time frame: 1.05.2014-30.06.2017
The measure consists of 56 items which the respondents rate on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (very uncharacteristic of me) to 5 (very characteristic of me). The questionnaire tests 5 time perspectives: 1) Past-Negative, 2) Past-Positive, 3) Present-Hedonistic, 4) Present-Fatalistic, and 5) Future. The Polish version of this instrument has been reported to have both good reliability and validity.
Transcendental Future Time Perspective Inventory
Time frame: 1.05.2014-30.06.2017
This is a one-dimensional scale that consists of 10 items which the respondents rate on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (very uncharacteristic of me) to 5 (very characteristic of me). It is used to assess individual attitudes and beliefs regarding the future, immediately following the imagined death of the physical body.
The UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) by Matthews et al.
Time frame: 1.05.2014-30.06.2017
The instrument measures mood understood as an affective experience of a duration of at least several minutes; its three scales are Tense Arousal, Energetic Arousal, and Hedonic Tone. The UMACL consists of a list of 29 adjectives which the respondents rate in terms of applicability to their current mood on a four-point scale from definitely yes to definitely not. The reliability and validity of the Polish adaptation has been confirmed.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Nov 2018.
- Results publicationGorynska E. UMACL Mood Adjective Checklist by G. Matthews, A.G. Chamberlain, D.M. Jones. Pracownia Testow Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego, Warszawa, 2005.
- Results publicationMatthews G, Jones DM, Chamberlain AG. Refining the measurement of mood: the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist. British Journal of Psychology 81(1): 17-42, 1990.
- Results publicationSobol-Kwapinska M. TMQ Time Metaphor Questionnaire: Manual. Pracownia Testow Psychologicznych PTP, Warszawa, 2008.
- Results publicationZimbardo P G, Boyd J. The time paradox. PWN, Warszawa, 2009.
- Results publicationZimbardo P, Boyd J. Putting time in perspective: a valid, reliable individual differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77(6): 1271-1288, 1999.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Malgorzata Starzomska, dr principal investigator
Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Feeding and Eating Disorders, run by Malgorzata Starzomska.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Nov 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Sobol-Kwapińska (time frame: 1.05.2014-30.06.2017). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03759444, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Nov 2018.