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Osteoarthritis; PrimaryMultiKneeNCT03771430

A Multidisciplinary Intervention in Total Knee Arthroplasty

A study testing Osteoarthritis education, exercise and CBT and Total Knee Arthroplasty in people with Osteoarthritis; Primary and Degenerative Joint Disease of Knee, run by Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital at 3 sites in Norway.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy delivered as an e-therapy program, combined with physical exercise delivered by physiotherapists, for patients on waiting list for total knee arthroplasty. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 79 years
What is being tested?
Osteoarthritis education, exercise and CBT and Total Knee Arthroplasty
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
282 participants
Where
3 sitesNorway
Study dates
28 Aug 2019to 30 Apr 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 79 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Scheduled for TKA for OA at Lovisenberg, Oslo; Martina Hansen, Bærum, or Coastal Hospital Hagevik, Bergen
  • Age 18 - 79 years
  • ASA grade 1-3
  • KL grade 3 or 4
  • BMI<40
  • Able to read and write in Norwegian

Who cannot join

  • Diagnosis of dementia or sero-positive rheumatic disease
  • Previously undergone uni or patellofemoral prosthesis in the index knee
  • Large axis deviation or instability requiring use of hinged implants
  • Scheduled for unicompartmental arthroplasty or revision surgery

Trial locations and contacts

3 sites in 1 country.

Norway3 sites
  • Haukeland University Hospital - Kysthospitalet Hagevik

    Bergen

  • Martina Hansens Hospital

    Oslo, Norway

  • Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital

    Oslo

Other trials in Norway

About this study

Official title: A Multidisciplinary Intervention in Total Knee Arthroplasty - a Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial in OA Patients (The MultiKnee Trial)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy delivered as an e-therapy program, combined with physical exercise delivered by physiotherapists, for patients on waiting list for total knee arthroplasty. The patients will be randomized to either 1) a non-surgical program consisting of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy combined with physiotherapy, 2) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery followed by web-based cognitive behavioral therapy combined with physiotherapy, or 3) a control group who undergo TKA followed by standard physiotherapy.

Read the detailed description

The study is a multidisciplinary trial testing an intervention delivered by physiotherapists. Up to 20% of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients continue to experience moderate/severe pain 12 months after TKA. While physical therapy (PT) and cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) have shown promise for improving outcomes, they have not been evaluated in combination or in patients at risk for chronic pain after TKA. This trial will evaluate PT+CBT combined, either as a substitute for or as a supplement to TKA for patients at risk for chronic pain after TKA.

Pilot/Feasibility study:

The study will include a feasibility/pilot study with 15 patients to be performed from November 2018. The intervention and study procedures may be modified based on results from the feasibility/pilot study.

Full scale Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT):

The full-scale RCT will include 282 patients scheduled for TKA. Patients will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) non-surgical intervention (i.e., PT+CBT), 2) a combination of TKA with pre- and postoperative PT+CBT, or 3) A control group receiving TKA and usual care follow-up. Primary outcome: The Pain subscale from the KOOS. The intervention has the potential to improve outcomes for patients who currently obtain little benefit from standard TKA.

Cross-sectional observational study: Patients declining to participate in the RCT will be offered the option to participate in a separate cross-sectional study. The inclusion and exclusion criteria will be identical to the RCT. Patients who agree to participate in the cross-sectional study will complete the same baseline questionnaires as in the RCT and are asked about the reasons they did not want to participate in the RCT.

Being tested
Osteoarthritis education, exercise and CBT, Total Knee Arthroplasty
Keywords
Total knee arthroplasty, Physiotherapy, Cognitive behavioral therapy, e-therapy
Medical subject headings
Osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis, Knee

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Osteoarthritis education, exercise and CBTBehavioural

    Also called AktivA

    Osteoarthritis Education

    1. 60-min session by AktivA trained PT)
    • Signs/symptoms, risk factors, weight control, treatment
    • Importance of physical activity
    • Appropriate activity \& training modalities Exercise and CBT Support
    1. 60-min sessions/week for 12 weeks (a total of 24 sessions) led by AktivA and CBT trained PT)
    • Warm-up session
    • Strengthening exercises
    • Functional exercises
    • Stretching
    • Monitoring of CBT progress
    • Review of CBT lessons learned
    • Integration of CBT skills
    • Enhance motivation to continue

    Online CBT (iCBT) (10 modules completed at home)

    • Pain causes \& prevention
    • Pain management
    • Health promotion \& stress reduction at home \& work
    • Adapting for leisure \& work
    • Controlling flare-ups
    • Maintaining \& improving results
  • Total Knee ArthroplastyProcedure or surgery

    Also called knee replacement

    Standard total knee arthroplasty will be performed.

Study groups in NCT03771430
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Non-surgical groupExperimentalOsteoarthritis education, exercise and eCBT
Receives: Behavioral: Osteoarthritis education, exercise and CBT
Combined groupExperimentalTotal knee arthroplasty + osteoarthritis education, exercise and eCBT
Receives: Behavioral: Osteoarthritis education, exercise and CBT; Procedure: Total Knee Arthroplasty
Surgery only (standard care)Active comparatorTotal knee arthroplasty + standard physiotherapy
Receives: Procedure: Total Knee Arthroplasty

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Change in the knee injury and osteoarthritis score (KOOS) pain subscale

    KOOS is a knee-specific, patient administered questionnaire developed to evaluate short- and long-term symptoms and functioning in subjects with knee injury and osteoarthritis. KOOS is validated for use in total knee arthroplasty and has been shown to be a valid, reliable and responsive measure. KOOS is a patient-administered questionnaire.

    The KOOS is a knee joint specific questionnaire with 42 items designed to assess patients' opinions about their difficulties with activity due to problems with their knees during the past week. The pain subscale of the KOOS consists of 9 items that assess frequency of pain and pain severity in different situations. Each of the 42 items carries equal weighting (0-4), with higher scores indicating better functioning. The pain subscale score will be transformed to a 0-100 scale, with 0 representing extreme knee problems and 100 representing no problems.

    Measured: Measured before randomization, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment start.12 months after treatment start will be the primary endpoint.

Secondary outcomes (6)
  1. Knee injury and osteoarthritis score (KOOS) subscores: Other symptoms, activities of daily living (ADL), function in sport and recreation, and knee-related quality of life (QOL)

    KOOS is a knee-specific questionnaire developed to evaluate short- and long-term symptoms and functioning in subjects with knee injury and osteoarthritis.

    The KOOS is a knee joint specific questionnaire with 42 items designed to assess patients' opinions about their difficulties with activity due to problems with their knees during the past week. KOOS has 5 subscales: pain, other symptoms, activities of daily living (ADL), function in sport and recreation, and knee-related QOL. The KOOS has been validated for use in TKA and has been shown to be valid, reliable and responsive. Each of the 42 items carries equal weighting (0-4), with higher scores indicating better functioning. Each of the subscale scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale, with 0 representing extreme knee problems and 100 representing no problems. KOOS is a patient-administered questionnaire.

    Measured: Before randomization. 3, 6, 12 and 24 months following treatment start.12 months after treatment start will be the secondary endpoint.

  2. General health state

    Patients' perceived health state will be measured on a visual analog scale that range from 0 - 100, higher levels indicate better health state, using the widely used EuroQol-5 (EQ-5D-5L). Only the health-state item will be a secondary outcome. The remaining parts of the EQ-5D-5L will be included in the economic evaluation of the intervention.

    Measured: Before randomization. 3, 6, 12 and 24 months following treatment start. 12 months after treatment start will be the secondary endpoint.

  3. Pain Catastrophizing Scale

    The Pain Catastrophizing scale (PCS) will be used to measure catastrophic thinking related to pain. The scale consist of 13 items that range from 0 -4. The PCS assesses three dimensions of catastrophizing (i.e., rumination (range 0-16), magnification (range: 0-12, helplessness (range 0 -24). Higher scores indicate higher levels of catastrophic thinking related to pain. A total score can be computed by summing responses to all 13 items. PCS total scores range from 0-52. Higher scores indicate higher levels of catastrophic thinking related to pain.

    Measured: Before randomization. 3, 6, 12 and 24 months following treatment start. 12 months after treatment start will be the secondary endpoint.

  4. Patient-acceptable symptom state, perceived treatment failure.

    Patient-acceptable symptom state will be measured by a single item question. The patient state wether they consider their knee function satisfactory or not (Yes/No).

    Perceived treatment failure will be measured by a single item question. The patient state whether their situation is so dissatisfying that they consider the treatment as a failure (Yes/No).

    Measured: At 3, 6, 12 and 24 months following treatment start. 12 months after treatment start will be the secondary endpoint.

  5. The 30 second sit to stand test

    The 30-second sit to stand test will be used to assess functional lower extremity strength. This test is performed using a chair of standard height without arms. The participant is encouraged to complete as many full stands as possible within 30 seconds.

    Measured: Before treatment start. 3, 6, 12 and 24 months following treatment start. 12 months after treatment start will be the secondary endpoint.

  6. Adverse events/serious adverse events

    All events reported by participant, physiotherapist or documented in the patient's hospital record.

    • During surgery: Number of patients with fractures (Tibia, patella, femur), nerve or vascular injury, rupture of patella tendon, other.
    • Postoperatively: Number of patients with deep infection, any secondary surgery (e.g., skin necrosis or scar tissue adherences, DAIR, MUA, secondary insertion of patella component, partial/total revision surgery), supracondylar femur fracture, patella fracture, permanent n. peroneus paresis, aseptic loosening, polyethylene defect (tibia or patella), instability requiring intervention, thrombophlebitis demanding anticoagulant treatment, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, cerebral insult, other events.
    • Patient-reported myocardial infarction, cerebral insult, pulmonary embolism or DVT within 3 months following intervention.
    • All events reported by patients or physiotherapists - open probe questionnairing

    Measured: From treatment start until 12 months following treatment start.

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted11 Dec 2018
  2. Study start28 Aug 2019
  3. Primary completion30 Apr 2025
  4. Study completion30 Apr 2026

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
282 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03771430
Sponsor's protocol ID
MultiKnee Trial
Acronym
MultiKnee
Status last verified
Aug 2026
First submitted
12 Nov 2018
Last updated
11 Aug 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Kise NJ, Eliassen S, Furnes O, Gay C, Heir S, Lerdal A, Lindberg MF, Rognsvag T, Aamodt A, Nerhus TK. Fear avoidance and catastrophizing are associated with both knee awareness and quality of life in knee osteoarthritis patients: a secondary report of a cross-sectional study. Acta Orthop. 2025 Dec 18;96:920-926. doi: 10.2340/17453674.2025.45070.

    PubMed 41410384
  • Rognsvag T, Bergvad IB, Furnes O, Indrekvam K, Lerdal A, Lindberg MF, Skou ST, Stubberud J, Badawy M. Exercise therapy, education, and cognitive behavioral therapy alone, or in combination with total knee arthroplasty, in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2024 Feb 28;10(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s40814-024-01470-y.

    PubMed 38419024
  • Lindberg MF, Aamodt A, Badawy M, Bergvad IB, Borchgrevink P, Furnes O, Gay C, Heir S, Holm I, Indrekvam K, Kise N, Lau B, Magnussen J, Nerhus TK, Rognsvag T, Rudsengen DE, Rustoen T, Skou ST, Stubberud J, Smastuen MS, Lerdal A. The effectiveness of exercise therapy and education plus cognitive behavioral therapy, alone or in combination with total knee arthroplasty in patients with knee osteoarthritis - study protocol for the MultiKnee trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021 Dec 20;22(1):1054. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04924-z.

    PubMed 34930194
  • Rognsvag T, Lindberg MF, Lerdal A, Stubberud J, Furnes O, Holm I, Indrekvam K, Lau B, Rudsengen D, Skou ST, Badawy M. Development of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy program for use in combination with exercise therapy and education by patients at increased risk of chronic pain following total knee arthroplasty. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Oct 25;21(1):1151. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-07177-7.

    PubMed 34696785

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Osteoarthritis education, exercise and CBT and Total Knee Arthroplasty in people with Osteoarthritis; Primary and Degenerative Joint Disease of Knee, run by Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital at 3 sites in Norway.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 3 sites in Norway. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change in the knee injury and osteoarthritis score (KOOS) pain subscale (time frame: Measured before randomization, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment start.12 months after treatment start will be the primary endpoint.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03771430, which also lists 4 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Aug 2026.

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