FibromyalgiaNCT03909009

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Fibromyalgia

A study testing rTMS + Neuronavigation in people with Fibromyalgia, run by Izmir Katip Celebi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

Search all trials

Trial summary

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of 10 Hz neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on pain, stiffness, fatigue, depression/anxiety, quality of life and cognitive functions in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 18 to 65 years
Conditions the study is for: Fibromyalgia
What is being tested?: rTMS + Neuronavigation
Type of treatment: Medical device
Could I receive a placebo?: Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people: 20 participants
Where: 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
Study dates: 11 Apr 2019to 10 Apr 2020
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 18 to 65 years
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

Adults (age between 18-65 years)
Diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome according to 2016 Fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria
The mean pain intensity is VAS ≥ 4/10
Stable treatment for at least last 3 months
Patients accepting participation by signing an informed consent form

Who cannot join

To have a clinical condition to be contraindicated for TMS (metallic implant, cardiac pace, pregnancy, lactation, epilepsy, head trauma, history of cranial operation...)
The presence of malignancy
Systemic rheumatic diseases
Major orthopedic / neurological problems that limit daily life activities
Alcohol or drug addiction
Major depression / personality disorder history
Have received TMS treatment before
Pregnancy or breastfeeding

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Turkey (Türkiye)1 site

Izmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Izmir, 35290

Other trials in Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Official title: Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Pain, Fatigue, Quality of Life, Cognitive Function and Mood in Fibromyalgia

Read the detailed description

This is a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study in two-arm parallel-group design. Twenty participants will be randomized into 2 groups. Randomization will be performed using computer-generated block randomization with 1:1 allocation between the active rTMS group (Group 1) and the sham-control group (Group 2). Group 1 will receive high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (10hz-HF-rTMS)-A total 14 sessions of HF-rTMS, 10 sessions daily (5 days/week, 2 weeks) and 4 sessions weekly (1 day/week, 4 weeks). Group 2 will receive sham stimulation-A total 14 sessions of sham-rTMS, 10 sessions daily (5 days/week, 2 weeks) and 4 sessions weekly (1 day/week, 4 weeks).All patients will be evaluated with pain severity (VAS-10mm),stiffness severity (VAS-10mm), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Hospital Depression Anxiety Scale (HADS), Addenbrook Cognitive Examination-revised version (ACE-R).Patients will be questioned for the safety of treatment. Available drug therapies will be continued in both groups. Patients and clinical raters will be blinded to treatment. All patients will be reviewed by the investigator in terms of rTMS treatment safety and motor threshold determination before each treatment session and observed for possible side effects after treatment. All side effects will be recorded. Magnetic stimulation will be applied using Neurosoft-Neuro MS/D with a figure-of-eight-shaped coil. rTMS therapy will be applied under the guide of neuronavigation with the following parameters: target-left DLPFC, with the %90 of the RMT, 10 Hz stimulation for 5 seconds intervals (on) with 25 seconds inter-train intervals (off), 15 minutes, 1500 pulses.

Conditions: Fibromyalgia
Being tested: rTMS + Neuronavigation
Keywords: Fibromyalgia, neuronavigated-rTMS, pain, stiffness, fatigue
Medical subject headings: Fibromyalgia, Pain, Fatigue

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

rTMS + NeuronavigationDevice
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Neuro-MS/D) + Neural Navigator

Study groups in NCT03909009
Study group	Role	What they receive
Active rTMS	Active comparator	Group 1 will receive high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (10hz-HF-rTMS) A total 14 sessions of HF-rTMS, 10 sessions daily (5 days/week, 2 weeks) and 4 sessions weekly (1 day/week, 4 weeks). Receives: Device: rTMS + Neuronavigation
Sham rTMS	Sham comparator	Group 2 will receive sham stimulation. A total 14 sessions of sham-rTMS, 10 sessions daily (5 days/week, 2 weeks) and 4 sessions weekly (1 day/week, 4 weeks). Receives: Device: rTMS + Neuronavigation

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Visual Analog Scale-Pain
The severity of the pain at rest was assessed on a 10 cm visual analog scale (Total score: 0-10)(0=no pain, 10=severe pain) Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Measured: in the second week

Secondary outcomes (2)

Visual Analog Scale-Pain
The severity of the pain at rest was assessed on a 10 cm visual analog scale (Total score: 0-10)(0=no pain, 10=severe pain) Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Measured: in the sixth week
Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire
Functional health status and quality of life of the participants were assessed with the Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, which measures 10 different features (physical functioning, missed days of work, depression, anxiety, feeling good, morning tiredness, pain, stiffness, fatigue, and well-being over the past week). The total Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire score is maximum 80 points. Higher scores indicate lower functionality level.
Measured: in the sixth week

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

11 Apr 201910 Apr 2020

First posted9 Apr 2019
Study start11 Apr 2019
Primary completion1 Apr 2020
Study completion10 Apr 2020

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for FibromyalgiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: Double blind
Who is masked: Participant, Investigator
Enrolment: 20 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03909009
Sponsor's protocol ID: 14032019
Status last verified: Jun 2020
First submitted: 17 Mar 2019
Last updated: 16 Jun 2020
Results posted: Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
Data monitoring committee: No
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: No

Publications

Rossini PM, Burke D, Chen R, Cohen LG, Daskalakis Z, Di Iorio R, Di Lazzaro V, Ferreri F, Fitzgerald PB, George MS, Hallett M, Lefaucheur JP, Langguth B, Matsumoto H, Miniussi C, Nitsche MA, Pascual-Leone A, Paulus W, Rossi S, Rothwell JC, Siebner HR, Ugawa Y, Walsh V, Ziemann U. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated report from an I.F.C.N. Committee. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Jun;126(6):1071-1107. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.001. Epub 2015 Feb 10.
PubMed 25797650
Klein MM, Treister R, Raij T, Pascual-Leone A, Park L, Nurmikko T, Lenz F, Lefaucheur JP, Lang M, Hallett M, Fox M, Cudkowicz M, Costello A, Carr DB, Ayache SS, Oaklander AL. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain: guidelines for pain treatment research. Pain. 2015 Sep;156(9):1601-1614. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000210.
PubMed 25919472
Knijnik LM, Dussan-Sarria JA, Rozisky JR, Torres IL, Brunoni AR, Fregni F, Caumo W. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Fibromyalgia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Pract. 2016 Mar;16(3):294-304. doi: 10.1111/papr.12276. Epub 2015 Jan 12.
PubMed 25581213
Hou WH, Wang TY, Kang JH. The effects of add-on non-invasive brain stimulation in fibromyalgia: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016 Aug;55(8):1507-17. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew205. Epub 2016 May 5.
PubMed 27150193
Lefaucheur JP, Andre-Obadia N, Antal A, Ayache SS, Baeken C, Benninger DH, Cantello RM, Cincotta M, de Carvalho M, De Ridder D, Devanne H, Di Lazzaro V, Filipovic SR, Hummel FC, Jaaskelainen SK, Kimiskidis VK, Koch G, Langguth B, Nyffeler T, Oliviero A, Padberg F, Poulet E, Rossi S, Rossini PM, Rothwell JC, Schonfeldt-Lecuona C, Siebner HR, Slotema CW, Stagg CJ, Valls-Sole J, Ziemann U, Paulus W, Garcia-Larrea L. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Clin Neurophysiol. 2014 Nov;125(11):2150-2206. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.021. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
PubMed 25034472
Saltychev M, Laimi K. Effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with fibromyalgia: a meta-analysis. Int J Rehabil Res. 2017 Mar;40(1):11-18. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000207.
PubMed 27977465
Lefaucheur JP, Aleman A, Baeken C, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Di Lazzaro V, Filipovic SR, Grefkes C, Hasan A, Hummel FC, Jaaskelainen SK, Langguth B, Leocani L, Londero A, Nardone R, Nguyen JP, Nyffeler T, Oliveira-Maia AJ, Oliviero A, Padberg F, Palm U, Paulus W, Poulet E, Quartarone A, Rachid F, Rektorova I, Rossi S, Sahlsten H, Schecklmann M, Szekely D, Ziemann U. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014-2018). Clin Neurophysiol. 2020 Feb;131(2):474-528. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.002. Epub 2020 Jan 1.
PubMed 31901449
Baudic S, Attal N, Mhalla A, Ciampi de Andrade D, Perrot S, Bouhassira D. Unilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex does not affect cognition in patients with fibromyalgia. J Psychiatr Res. 2013 Jan;47(1):72-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.09.003. Epub 2012 Oct 15.
PubMed 23079535
Tekin A, Özdil E, Güleken MD, İlişer R, Bakım B, Öncü J, et al. Efficacy of HighFrequency [10 Hz] Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the PrimaryMotor Cortex in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Randomized, DoubleBlind, Sham-Controlled Trial. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain. 2014;22(1):20-26.
Rossi S, Hallett M, Rossini PM, Pascual-Leone A; Safety of TMS Consensus Group. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009 Dec;120(12):2008-2039. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.08.016. Epub 2009 Oct 14.
PubMed 19833552
Bilir I, Askin A, Sengul I, Tosun A. Effects of High-Frequency Neuronavigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Feb 1;100(2):138-146. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001536.
PubMed 32701637

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

See locations

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All Fibromyalgia trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Jun 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Pain, Fatigue, Quality of Life, Cognitive Function and Mood in Fibromyalgia
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03909009
Acronym / sponsor ID: 14032019
Conditions: Fibromyalgia
Keywords: Fibromyalgia, neuronavigated-rTMS, pain, stiffness, fatigue
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 20 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Izmir Katip Celebi UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
Study start: 11 Apr 2019 (actual)
Primary completion: 1 Apr 2020 (actual)
Study completion: 10 Apr 2020 (actual)
First posted: 9 Apr 2019 (actual)
Results: Posted 16 Jun 2020

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Detailed description

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: Double blind (participant, investigator)
Number of arms: 2

Arm	Type	Receives
Active rTMS	Active comparator	Device: rTMS + NeuronavigationGroup 1 will receive high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (10hz-HF-rTMS) A total 14 sessions of HF-rTMS, 10 sessions daily (5 days/week, 2 weeks) and 4 sessions weekly (1 day/week, 4 weeks).
Sham rTMS	Sham comparator	Device: rTMS + NeuronavigationGroup 2 will receive sham stimulation. A total 14 sessions of sham-rTMS, 10 sessions daily (5 days/week, 2 weeks) and 4 sessions weekly (1 day/week, 4 weeks).

Who may qualify

Ages: 18 to 65 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult, Older adult

Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)

Adults (age between 18-65 years)
Diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome according to 2016 Fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria
The mean pain intensity is VAS ≥ 4/10
Stable treatment for at least last 3 months
Patients accepting participation by signing an informed consent form

Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)

To have a clinical condition to be contraindicated for TMS (metallic implant, cardiac pace, pregnancy, lactation, epilepsy, head trauma, history of cranial operation...)
The presence of malignancy
Systemic rheumatic diseases
Major orthopedic / neurological problems that limit daily life activities
Alcohol or drug addiction

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
rTMS + NeuronavigationRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Neuro-MS/D) + Neural Navigator	Device	Active rTMS, Sham rTMS

Primary outcome

Visual Analog Scale-Pain
Time frame: in the second week
The severity of the pain at rest was assessed on a 10 cm visual analog scale (Total score: 0-10)(0=no pain, 10=severe pain) Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

2 secondary outcomes

Visual Analog Scale-Pain
Time frame: in the sixth week
Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire
Time frame: in the sixth week

Results and safety

Results posted to the registry on 16 Jun 2020, as reported by the sponsor. Figures are copied from the record, not re-analysed. Full results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Participant flow

Group	Started	Completed
Active rTMS	10	10
Sham rTMS	10	10

Primary outcome: Visual Analog Scale-Pain

Time frame: in the second week. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: units on a scale

Measure	Active rTMS n = 10	Sham rTMS n = 10
Value	5.30 (2.11)	6.80 (1.69)

2 secondary outcomes are reported in the full results.

Adverse events

Time frame: 6 weeks (Between the start of the study and the day when the last outcome measure is evaluated). Other adverse events reported at 0% frequency or more

Group	Serious adverse events	Other adverse events	Deaths
Active rTMS	0 of 10 (0%)	0 of 10 (0%)	0 of 10
Sham rTMS	0 of 10 (0%)	0 of 10 (0%)	0 of 10

Limitations and caveats (from the sponsor): Current study has several limitations: First is the relatively small sample size. Second, we didn't use sham stimulation probe. Third, our patients only consisted of female gender.

Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Jun 2020.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
Background: PubMed 25797650Rossini PM, Burke D, Chen R, Cohen LG, Daskalakis Z, Di Iorio R, Di Lazzaro V, Ferreri F, Fitzgerald PB, George MS, Hallett M, Lefaucheur JP, Langguth B, Matsumoto H, Miniussi C, Nitsche MA, Pascual-Leone A, Paulus W, Rossi S, Rothwell JC, Siebner HR, Ugawa Y, Walsh V, Ziemann U. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated report from an I.F.C.N. Committee. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Jun;126(6):1071-1107. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.001. Epub 2015 Feb 10.
Background: PubMed 25919472Klein MM, Treister R, Raij T, Pascual-Leone A, Park L, Nurmikko T, Lenz F, Lefaucheur JP, Lang M, Hallett M, Fox M, Cudkowicz M, Costello A, Carr DB, Ayache SS, Oaklander AL. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain: guidelines for pain treatment research. Pain. 2015 Sep;156(9):1601-1614. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000210.
Background: PubMed 25581213Knijnik LM, Dussan-Sarria JA, Rozisky JR, Torres IL, Brunoni AR, Fregni F, Caumo W. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Fibromyalgia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Pract. 2016 Mar;16(3):294-304. doi: 10.1111/papr.12276. Epub 2015 Jan 12.
Background: PubMed 27150193Hou WH, Wang TY, Kang JH. The effects of add-on non-invasive brain stimulation in fibromyalgia: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016 Aug;55(8):1507-17. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew205. Epub 2016 May 5.
Background: PubMed 25034472Lefaucheur JP, Andre-Obadia N, Antal A, Ayache SS, Baeken C, Benninger DH, Cantello RM, Cincotta M, de Carvalho M, De Ridder D, Devanne H, Di Lazzaro V, Filipovic SR, Hummel FC, Jaaskelainen SK, Kimiskidis VK, Koch G, Langguth B, Nyffeler T, Oliviero A, Padberg F, Poulet E, Rossi S, Rossini PM, Rothwell JC, Schonfeldt-Lecuona C, Siebner HR, Slotema CW, Stagg CJ, Valls-Sole J, Ziemann U, Paulus W, Garcia-Larrea L. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Clin Neurophysiol. 2014 Nov;125(11):2150-2206. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.021. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
Background: PubMed 27977465Saltychev M, Laimi K. Effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with fibromyalgia: a meta-analysis. Int J Rehabil Res. 2017 Mar;40(1):11-18. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000207.
Background: PubMed 31901449Lefaucheur JP, Aleman A, Baeken C, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Di Lazzaro V, Filipovic SR, Grefkes C, Hasan A, Hummel FC, Jaaskelainen SK, Langguth B, Leocani L, Londero A, Nardone R, Nguyen JP, Nyffeler T, Oliveira-Maia AJ, Oliviero A, Padberg F, Palm U, Paulus W, Poulet E, Quartarone A, Rachid F, Rektorova I, Rossi S, Sahlsten H, Schecklmann M, Szekely D, Ziemann U. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014-2018). Clin Neurophysiol. 2020 Feb;131(2):474-528. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.002. Epub 2020 Jan 1.
Background: PubMed 23079535Baudic S, Attal N, Mhalla A, Ciampi de Andrade D, Perrot S, Bouhassira D. Unilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex does not affect cognition in patients with fibromyalgia. J Psychiatr Res. 2013 Jan;47(1):72-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.09.003. Epub 2012 Oct 15.
BackgroundTekin A, Özdil E, Güleken MD, İlişer R, Bakım B, Öncü J, et al. Efficacy of HighFrequency [10 Hz] Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the PrimaryMotor Cortex in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Randomized, DoubleBlind, Sham-Controlled Trial. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain. 2014;22(1):20-26.
Background: PubMed 19833552Rossi S, Hallett M, Rossini PM, Pascual-Leone A; Safety of TMS Consensus Group. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009 Dec;120(12):2008-2039. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.08.016. Epub 2009 Oct 14.
Derived from this study: PubMed 32701637Bilir I, Askin A, Sengul I, Tosun A. Effects of High-Frequency Neuronavigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Feb 1;100(2):138-146. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001536.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: No

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Ayhan Aşkın, Assoc. Prof. study director

Izmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing rTMS + Neuronavigation in people with Fibromyalgia, run by Izmir Katip Celebi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Jun 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 16 Jun 2020). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Visual Analog Scale-Pain (time frame: in the second week). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03909009, which also lists 11 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Jun 2020.