Learning, SpatialAVITNCT03946436
Playing AVI During Tennis Training Process
A study testing Active video games and tennis training process in people with Learning, Spatial and Cognitive Change, run by Marusic at 1 site in Slovenia.
Trial summary
Developing movement capabilities and efficiently acquiring and assimilating movement information and knowledge in middle childhood stages is of great importance for performing complex movement structures in later stages of life. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 7 to 9 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Learning, Spatial, Cognitive Change
- What is being tested?
- Active video games and tennis training process
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 55 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSlovenia
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2018to 1 Jan 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 7 to 9 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Age limit
Who cannot join
- excluded were players with injuries or long-term body impairments that prevented them from performing shots as they are usually instructed.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Impact of Active Video Games on Motor- and Visual Spatial-learning Capabilities During the Process of Tennis Training in Young Children
Developing movement capabilities and efficiently acquiring and assimilating movement information and knowledge in middle childhood stages is of great importance for performing complex movement structures in later stages of life. Our study is directed to researching the influence of active video games (AVG) on assessment of tennis motor skills and visual capabilities in middle childhood, as a part of two separate sub-researches.
Read the detailed description
In the first sub-research, which included a sample of 55 children aged between 7 and 9, the investigators measured the physiological responses of bodies after acute and chronic exposure to playing AVG. The investigators established a significant difference in skin conductance before beginning the intervention between the virtual and actual game. After the intervention, the experimental group had a significantly higher average value of heart rate frequency and breathing frequency while playing AVG in comparison to the control group.
In the second sub-research the investigators measured progress in tennis technique (TRSC test), development of gross motor skills and change in reaction time on the same group of children. In the TRSC test, the control group improved in all sub-groups with both strokes. The experimental group made no improvements in sub-group 3d with the ''forehand'', 1d and 3d with the ''backhand''. In the gross motor skill development test the investigators have not established a significant interaction effect. In the analogue reaction time measurement test, the investigators recorded a significant interaction between time x group. The same goes for Simon's test with incongruent stimuli, with congruent the interaction was of no relevance.
The investigators established that the use of AVG can represent a new strategy for combining movement/sports activities and cognitively directed tasks aiming at effective assessment of tennis skills.
- Conditions
- Learning, Spatial, Cognitive Change
- Being tested
- Active video games, tennis training process
- Keywords
- stroke technique, psychophysiological body responses, visual perceptual skills, reaction time.
- Medical subject headings
- Spatial Learning
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Active video gamesDevice
Participants played the active video game Virtua tennis 4 on a playstation kinect device
tennis training processOther
Participants were involved in a regular tennis training process, performed two times a week for one hour per lesson.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| I-AVI | Experimental | The I-AVI group were involved in a regular tennis training process, two times a week for one hour. Additionally right after the tennis lessons they played a Virtua Tennis 4 active video game for 20 minutes per participant. They use the playstation kinect console. The intervention lasted 6 months. Receives: Device: Active video games; Other: tennis training process |
| NO-AVI | Active comparator | The NO_AVI group were involved in a regular tennis training process, two times a week for one hour. The training process lasted 6 months. Receives: Other: tennis training process |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Psychophysiological body responses 1: skin conductance
Skin conductance measured in micro siemens
Measured: change from baseline to 3-months intervention
Psychophysiological body responses 2: skin temperature
Skin temperature measured in Celsius
Measured: change from baseline to 3-months intervention
Psychophysiological body responses 3: heart rate frequency
hear rate measured in beats per minute
Measured: change from baseline to 3-months intervention
Psychophysiological body responses 4: breathing frequency
breathing frequency measured in breaths per minute
Measured: change from baseline to 3-months intervention
Secondary outcomes (1)
TGMD-3 scale (Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition)
The TGMD-3 has two subtests. The first subtest, Locomotor, measures the gross motor skills that require fluid coordinated movements of the body as the child moves in one direction or another. The second subtest, Ball Skills, measure the gross motor skills that demonstrate efficient throwing, striking, and catching movements. The TGMD-3 provides an overall composite score (Gross Motor). The two subtest scaled scores are combined to form the Gross Motor composite. The Examiner's Manual discusses the test's theoretical and research-based foundation, item development, standardization, administration and scoring procedures, normative tables, and guidelines for using and interpreting the test's results. The TGMD-3 scale is used to measure the fundamental motor skills in 3-10 year-old children with typical development. The raw score for locomotor subtest is between 0 and 46, while the raw score for ball skills is between 0 and 54. The overall raw score for the test is between 0 and 100.
Measured: change from baseline to 3-months intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 May 2019
- Study start1 Jan 2018
- Primary completion1 Jan 2019
- Study completion1 Jan 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Learning, SpatialStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 55 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Marusic
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Science and Research Centre Koper, University of Primorska
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Marusic, Science and Research Centre Koper
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03946436
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AVITENNIS
- Acronym
- AVIT
- Status last verified
- Apr 2020
- First submitted
- 6 May 2019
- Last updated
- 1 May 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Slosar L, de Bruin ED, Fontes EB, Plevnik M, Pisot R, Simunic B, Marusic U. Additional Exergames to Regular Tennis Training Improves Cognitive-Motor Functions of Children but May Temporarily Affect Tennis Technique: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol. 2021 Mar 15;12:611382. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.611382. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 33790833
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 May 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of Active Video Games on Motor- and Visual Spatial-learning Capabilities During the Process of Tennis Training in Young Children
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03946436
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AVIT / AVITENNIS
- Conditions
- Learning, Spatial, Cognitive Change
- Keywords
- stroke technique, psychophysiological body responses, visual perceptual skills, reaction time.
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 55 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- MarusicUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Science and Research Centre Koper, University of Primorska
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jan 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jan 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 May 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Developing movement capabilities and efficiently acquiring and assimilating movement information and knowledge in middle childhood stages is of great importance for performing complex movement structures in later stages of life. Our study is directed to researching the influence of active video games (AVG) on assessment of tennis motor skills and visual capabilities in middle childhood, as a part of two separate sub-researches.
Detailed description
In the first sub-research, which included a sample of 55 children aged between 7 and 9, the investigators measured the physiological responses of bodies after acute and chronic exposure to playing AVG. The investigators established a significant difference in skin conductance before beginning the intervention between the virtual and actual game. After the intervention, the experimental group had a significantly higher average value of heart rate frequency and breathing frequency while playing AVG in comparison to the control group.
In the second sub-research the investigators measured progress in tennis technique (TRSC test), development of gross motor skills and change in reaction time on the same group of children. In the TRSC test, the control group improved in all sub-groups with both strokes. The experimental group made no improvements in sub-group 3d with the ''forehand'', 1d and 3d with the ''backhand''. In the gross motor skill development test the investigators have not established a significant interaction effect. In the analogue reaction time measurement test, the investigators recorded a significant interaction between time x group. The same goes for Simon's test with incongruent stimuli, with congruent the interaction was of no relevance.
The investigators established that the use of AVG can represent a new strategy for combining movement/sports activities and cognitively directed tasks aiming at effective assessment of tennis skills.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| I-AVI | Experimental | Device: Active video games, Other: tennis training processThe I-AVI group were involved in a regular tennis training process, two times a week for one hour. Additionally right after the tennis lessons they played a Virtua Tennis 4 active video game for 20 minutes per participant. They use the playstation kinect console. The intervention lasted 6 months. |
| NO-AVI | Active comparator | Other: tennis training processThe NO_AVI group were involved in a regular tennis training process, two times a week for one hour. The training process lasted 6 months. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 7 to 9 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Age limit
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- excluded were players with injuries or long-term body impairments that prevented them from performing shots as they are usually instructed.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Active video gamesParticipants played the active video game Virtua tennis 4 on a playstation kinect device | Device | I-AVI |
| tennis training processParticipants were involved in a regular tennis training process, performed two times a week for one hour per lesson. | Other | I-AVI, NO-AVI |
Primary outcome
Psychophysiological body responses 1: skin conductance
Time frame: change from baseline to 3-months intervention
Skin conductance measured in micro siemens
Psychophysiological body responses 2: skin temperature
Time frame: change from baseline to 3-months intervention
Skin temperature measured in Celsius
Psychophysiological body responses 3: heart rate frequency
Time frame: change from baseline to 3-months intervention
hear rate measured in beats per minute
Psychophysiological body responses 4: breathing frequency
Time frame: change from baseline to 3-months intervention
breathing frequency measured in breaths per minute
1 secondary outcome
TGMD-3 scale (Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition)
Time frame: change from baseline to 3-months intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 May 2020.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33790833Slosar L, de Bruin ED, Fontes EB, Plevnik M, Pisot R, Simunic B, Marusic U. Additional Exergames to Regular Tennis Training Improves Cognitive-Motor Functions of Children but May Temporarily Affect Tennis Technique: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol. 2021 Mar 15;12:611382. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.611382. eCollection 2021.
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Recruiting
Interventions in Mathematics and Cognitive Skills
Math Learning Disability, Child Development
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Active video games and tennis training process in people with Learning, Spatial and Cognitive Change, run by Marusic at 1 site in Slovenia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 May 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Slovenia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Psychophysiological body responses 1: skin conductance (time frame: change from baseline to 3-months intervention). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03946436, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 May 2020; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 27 Oct 2026.