Orthodontic ApplianceMAHONCT04444154
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Three Teaching Methods in Oral Hygiene in Adolescent Orthodontic Patients
A study testing Group with active participation and Group with video and quizz in people with Orthodontic Appliance, run by Rennes University Hospital at 1 site in France.
Trial summary
Orthodontic appliances have been shown to interfere with oral hygiene maneuvers by providing many additional sites for formation and retention of biofilm. Its accumulation is responsible for undesirable effects such as decays and periodontal pathologies. These lower the benefit / risk ratio of orthodontic treatments. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 11 to 17 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Orthodontic Appliance
- What is being tested?
- Group with active participation and Group with video and quizz
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteFrance
- Study dates
- 29 Jan 2022to 21 Feb 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 11 to 17 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Patient aged 11 to 17 * years;
- Patient with stable adolescent teeth, young adult or adult teeth;
- Requiring a fixed orthodontic treatment without extraction (other than wisdom teeth) at least to the maxillary arch;
- Affiliated, himself or through his parents to a social security scheme;
- Having received information on the protocol and having given free, informed and written consent.
- Whose holders of parental authority have received information on the protocol and have given free, informed and written consent.
- Aged under 18 at the end of the 6 months of participation
Who cannot join
- Patient with periodontal disease or progressive carious lesions;
- Patient with a prosthetic crown or composite restoration on the central and / or lateral maxillary incisor;
- Patient with systemic disease, major syndrome or cleft palate;
- Patient with an abnormal dental structure (eg fluorosis, MIH, imperfect amelogenesis, etc.);
- Patients taking long-term medication influencing periodontal health (corticosteroids, anti-epileptics, etc.);
- Patient with a physical or mental handicap preventing him from carrying out oral hygiene maneuvers independently;
Show all 12Show fewer
- Patient refusing to use the products and instruments prescribed for the study;
- Patients with dental agenesis;
- Patients with poor command of the French language
- Patient deprived of liberty by judicial or administrative decision or subject to a legal protection measure;
- Pregnant patient;
- Smoking patient.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparison of the Effectiveness of 3 Teaching Methods in Oral Hygiene in Adolescent Orthodontic Patients: Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Orthodontic appliances have been shown to interfere with oral hygiene maneuvers by providing many additional sites for formation and retention of biofilm.
Its accumulation is responsible for undesirable effects such as decays and periodontal pathologies. These lower the benefit / risk ratio of orthodontic treatments. In addition, their management is not negligible at the macroeconomic level.
As such, it is more than necessary for the orthodontist to teach oral hygiene methods adapted to each of his patients fitted to limit the risk of appearance of biofilm.
Read the detailed description
Patients applying for orthodontic treatment with braces in the orthodontic unit of the Rennes dental center will be offered to participate in the study. For each patient, the inclusion and non-inclusion criteria will be checked, and consent and a document explaining the course of the study will be delivered to them personally. The duration of the study will be 6 months for each of them. Each will be randomized to one of three study groups. Throughout the study, patients in groups 1 and 2 will have to make 5 appointments. Group 3 patients must honor 6 appointments.
Patients in group 1 (control group) will receive oral hygiene advice given orally in the chair during the bonding appointment and at each check-up appointment. Patients in group 2 will receive these same oral advice, associated with a demonstration of brushing methods in the sink with active participation (use of plate developer and then the Oral B electric toothbrush with special orthodontic head) during the bonding appointment as well than at each check-up appointment. Patients in group 3 will receive the same treatment as those in group 1 but will have an additional appointment between the device bonding appointment and the first check-up. This is a 15-minute session dedicated to teaching oral hygiene. This session will include watching of an educational video followed by a quiz, as well as the application of the methods taught in the sink (using plate developer and the Oral B electric toothbrush with special orthodontic head).
At the end of the appliance bonding appointment (first appointment) each patient (from each group) will leave with a hygiene kit including an electric toothbrush with two orthodontic heads, an Oral B toothpaste, from orthodontic wax and the analgesic prescription conventionally performed when installing a device.
The plaque index readings, i.e. the taking of 3 macrophotographic shots (with reflex camera, allowing the MOP plaque index to be assessed in a second step), and the clinical index of gingival inflammation will be performed at each appointment (except during the dedicated session of group 3) by an examiner who will be blind from the group belonging to each patient.
Exception made for the day of bonding, during which the plate index reading will be made just before the placement of the multi fasteners via the Loë and Silness plate index (which is an index adapted to patients not fitted).
- Conditions
- Orthodontic Appliance
- Being tested
- Control group, Group with active participation, Group with video and quizz
- Keywords
- orthodontic appliance, oral hygiene, modified orthodontic plaque index, Loë and Silness
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Control groupBehavioural
oral hygiene advice given orally in the chair during the bonding appointment and at each check-up appointment.
Group with active participationBehavioural
oral hygiene advice given orally in the chair during the bonding appointment and at each check-up appointment with a demonstration of brushing methods in the sink with active participation (use of plate developer and then the Oral B electric toothbrush with special orthodontic head) during the bonding appointment as well than at each check-up appointment.
Group with video and quizzBehavioural
oral hygiene advice given orally in the chair during the bonding appointment and at each check-up appointment with have an additional appointment between the device bonding appointment and the first check-up. This is a 15-minute session dedicated to teaching oral hygiene. This session will include watching of an educational video followed by a quiz, as well as the application of the methods taught in the sink (using plate developer and the Oral B electric toothbrush with special orthodontic head).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control group | Active comparator | oral hygiene advice given orally Receives: Behavioral: Control group |
| Group with active participation | Active comparator | oral hygiene advice given orally and demonstration of brushing methods in the sink with active participation Receives: Behavioral: Group with active participation |
| Group with video and quizz | Experimental | oral hygiene advice given orally and an additional appointment between the device bonding appointment and the first check-up. This is a 15-minute session dedicated to teaching oral hygiene. This session will include watching of an educational video followed by a quiz, as well as the application of the methods taught in the sink (using plate developer and the Oral B electric toothbrush with special orthodontic head). Receives: Behavioral: Group with video and quizz |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Compare the effectiveness of 3 methods of teaching oral hygiene in terms of controlling biofilm formation: MOP (Modified Orthodnotic Plaque Index) classification
The average plaque index at six months after inclusion according to the MOP (Modified Orthodnotic Plaque Index) classification. It is evaluated on macro photography in a standardized manner by a blind examiner of the patient's randomization arm. The values range from 0 to 4 for each tooth, which makes an average score of 0 to 48 for the maxillary arch. 0 is the absence of plaque while 48 is an abundance of plaque on all teeth, the worst situation. The score is expressed in absolute value without unit.
Measured: 6 months of intervention
Secondary outcomes (9)
Compare the effectiveness of three teaching methods in oral hygiene for the control of gum inflammation: gingival index at six months after inclusion according to the Loë and Silness scale
The mean gingival index at six months after inclusion according to the Loë and Silness scale. It will be evaluated in the mouth in a standardized manner by a blind examiner of the patient's randomization arm. The values range from 0 to 3 for each side of each tooth, which makes an average score of 0 to 144 for the maxillary arch. 0 corresponds to no bleeding on probing whereas 3 characterizes a situation of spontaneous bleeding of the gum, worst situation. The score is expressed in absolute value without unit.
Measured: 6 months after bonding the device.
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: MOP classification plate index
The comparison of the three treatment groups as a function of time will be based on two judgment criteria. The first is the MOP classification plate index. It is evaluated on macrophotographs in a standardized manner by a blind examiner of the patient's randomization arm. The values range from 0 to 4 for each tooth, which makes an average score of 0 to 48 for the maxillary arch. 0 is the absence of plaque while 48 is an abundance of plaque on all teeth, the worst situation. The score is expressed in absolute value without unit.
Measured: J0 (during the installation of the device)
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: gingival index according to the Loë and Silness scale
The comparison of the three treatment groups as a function of time will be based on two judgment criteria. The second is the gingival index according to the Loë and Silness scale. It will be evaluated in the mouth in a standardized manner by a blind examiner of the patient's randomization arm. The values range from 0 to 3 for each side of each tooth, which makes an average score of 0 to 144 for the maxillary arch. 0 corresponds to no bleeding on probing whereas 3 characterizes a situation of spontaneous bleeding of the gum, worst situation. The score is expressed in absolute value without unit.
Measured: J0 (during the installation of the device)
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: MOP classification plate index
The comparison of the three treatment groups as a function of time will be based on two judgment criteria. The first is the MOP classification plate index. It is evaluated on macrophotographs in a standardized manner by a blind examiner of the patient's randomization arm. The values range from 0 to 4 for each tooth, which makes an average score of 0 to 48 for the maxillary arch. 0 is the absence of plaque while 48 is an abundance of plaque on all teeth, the worst situation. The score is expressed in absolute value without unit.
Measured: at 1½ months after installation of the device
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: gingival index according to the Loë and Silness scale
The comparison of the three treatment groups as a function of time will be based on two judgment criteria. The second is the gingival index according to the Loë and Silness scale. It will be evaluated in the mouth in a standardized manner by a blind examiner of the patient's randomization arm. The values range from 0 to 3 for each side of each tooth, which makes an average score of 0 to 144 for the maxillary arch. 0 corresponds to no bleeding on probing whereas 3 characterizes a situation of spontaneous bleeding of the gum, worst situation. The score is expressed in absolute value without unit.
Measured: at 1½ months after installation of the device
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: MOP classification plate index
The comparison of the three treatment groups as a function of time will be based on two judgment criteria. The first is the MOP classification plate index. It is evaluated on macrophotographs in a standardized manner by a blind examiner of the patient's randomization arm. The values range from 0 to 4 for each tooth, which makes an average score of 0 to 48 for the maxillary arch. 0 is the absence of plaque while 48 is an abundance of plaque on all teeth, the worst situation. The score is expressed in absolute value without unit.
Measured: at 3 months after installation of the device
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: gingival index according to the Loë and Silness scale
The comparison of the three treatment groups as a function of time will be based on two judgment criteria. The second is the gingival index according to the Loë and Silness scale. It will be evaluated in the mouth in a standardized manner by a blind examiner of the patient's randomization arm. The values range from 0 to 3 for each side of each tooth, which makes an average score of 0 to 144 for the maxillary arch. 0 corresponds to no bleeding on probing whereas 3 characterizes a situation of spontaneous bleeding of the gum, worst situation. The score is expressed in absolute value without unit.
Measured: at 3 months after installation of the device
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: MOP classification plate index
The comparison of the three treatment groups as a function of time will be based on two judgment criteria. The first is the MOP classification plate index. It is evaluated on macrophotographs in a standardized manner by a blind examiner of the patient's randomization arm. The values range from 0 to 4 for each tooth, which makes an average score of 0 to 48 for the maxillary arch. 0 is the absence of plaque while 48 is an abundance of plaque on all teeth, the worst situation. The score is expressed in absolute value without unit.
Measured: at 4½ months after installation of the device
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: gingival index according to the Loë and Silness scale
The comparison of the three treatment groups as a function of time will be based on two judgment criteria. The second is the gingival index according to the Loë and Silness scale. It will be evaluated in the mouth in a standardized manner by a blind examiner of the patient's randomization arm. The values range from 0 to 3 for each side of each tooth, which makes an average score of 0 to 144 for the maxillary arch. 0 corresponds to no bleeding on probing whereas 3 characterizes a situation of spontaneous bleeding of the gum, worst situation. The score is expressed in absolute value without unit.
Measured: at 4½ months after installation of the device
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Jun 2020
- Study start29 Jan 2022
- Primary completion21 Feb 2025
- Study completion21 Feb 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Orthodontic ApplianceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Rennes University HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- prospective, monocentric, controlled, randomized study
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Rennes University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Damien BREZULIER, Dr, Principal investigator, Rennes University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04444154
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 35RC20_8945_MAHO
- Acronym
- MAHO
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 12 May 2020
- Last updated
- 16 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Le Fouler A, Jeanne S, Sorel O, Brezulier D. How effective are three methods of teaching oral hygiene for adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment? The MAHO protocol: an RCT comparing visual, auditory and kinesthetic methods. Trials. 2021 Feb 15;22(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05093-z.
PubMed 33588930
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Effectiveness of 3 Teaching Methods in Oral Hygiene in Adolescent Orthodontic Patients: Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04444154
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MAHO / 35RC20_8945_MAHO
- Conditions
- Orthodontic Appliance
- Keywords
- orthodontic appliance, oral hygiene, modified orthodontic plaque index, Loë and Silness
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Rennes University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 29 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 21 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 21 Feb 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Jun 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Orthodontic appliances have been shown to interfere with oral hygiene maneuvers by providing many additional sites for formation and retention of biofilm.
Its accumulation is responsible for undesirable effects such as decays and periodontal pathologies. These lower the benefit / risk ratio of orthodontic treatments. In addition, their management is not negligible at the macroeconomic level.
As such, it is more than necessary for the orthodontist to teach oral hygiene methods adapted to each of his patients fitted to limit the risk of appearance of biofilm.
Detailed description
Patients applying for orthodontic treatment with braces in the orthodontic unit of the Rennes dental center will be offered to participate in the study. For each patient, the inclusion and non-inclusion criteria will be checked, and consent and a document explaining the course of the study will be delivered to them personally. The duration of the study will be 6 months for each of them. Each will be randomized to one of three study groups. Throughout the study, patients in groups 1 and 2 will have to make 5 appointments. Group 3 patients must honor 6 appointments.
Patients in group 1 (control group) will receive oral hygiene advice given orally in the chair during the bonding appointment and at each check-up appointment. Patients in group 2 will receive these same oral advice, associated with a demonstration of brushing methods in the sink with active participation (use of plate developer and then the Oral B electric toothbrush with special orthodontic head) during the bonding appointment as well than at each check-up appointment. Patients in group 3 will receive the same treatment as those in group 1 but will have an additional appointment between the device bonding appointment and the first check-up. This is a 15-minute session dedicated to teaching oral hygiene. This session will include watching of an educational video followed by a quiz, as well as the application of the methods taught in the sink (using plate developer and the Oral B electric toothbrush with special orthodontic head).
At the end of the appliance bonding appointment (first appointment) each patient (from each group) will leave with a hygiene kit including an electric toothbrush with two orthodontic heads, an Oral B toothpaste, from orthodontic wax and the analgesic prescription conventionally performed when installing a device.
The plaque index readings, i.e. the taking of 3 macrophotographic shots (with reflex camera, allowing the MOP plaque index to be assessed in a second step), and the clinical index of gingival inflammation will be performed at each appointment (except during the dedicated session of group 3) by an examiner who will be blind from the group belonging to each patient.
Exception made for the day of bonding, during which the plate index reading will be made just before the placement of the multi fasteners via the Loë and Silness plate index (which is an index adapted to patients not fitted).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- prospective, monocentric, controlled, randomized study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Control grouporal hygiene advice given orally |
| Group with active participation | Active comparator | Behavioral: Group with active participationoral hygiene advice given orally and demonstration of brushing methods in the sink with active participation |
| Group with video and quizz | Experimental | Behavioral: Group with video and quizzoral hygiene advice given orally and an additional appointment between the device bonding appointment and the first check-up. This is a 15-minute session dedicated to teaching oral hygiene. This session will include watching of an educational video followed by a quiz, as well as the application of the methods taught in the sink (using plate developer and the Oral B electric toothbrush with special orthodontic head). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 11 to 17 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Patient aged 11 to 17 * years;
- Patient with stable adolescent teeth, young adult or adult teeth;
- Requiring a fixed orthodontic treatment without extraction (other than wisdom teeth) at least to the maxillary arch;
- Affiliated, himself or through his parents to a social security scheme;
- Having received information on the protocol and having given free, informed and written consent.
Key exclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Patient with periodontal disease or progressive carious lesions;
- Patient with a prosthetic crown or composite restoration on the central and / or lateral maxillary incisor;
- Patient with systemic disease, major syndrome or cleft palate;
- Patient with an abnormal dental structure (eg fluorosis, MIH, imperfect amelogenesis, etc.);
- Patients taking long-term medication influencing periodontal health (corticosteroids, anti-epileptics, etc.);
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Control grouporal hygiene advice given orally in the chair during the bonding appointment and at each check-up appointment. | Behavioural | Control group |
| Group with active participationoral hygiene advice given orally in the chair during the bonding appointment and at each check-up appointment with a demonstration of brushing methods in the sink with active participation (use of plate developer and then the Oral B electric toothbrush with special orthodontic head) during the bonding appointment as well than at each check-up appointment. | Behavioural | Group with active participation |
| Group with video and quizzoral hygiene advice given orally in the chair during the bonding appointment and at each check-up appointment with have an additional appointment between the device bonding appointment and the first check-up. This is a 15-minute session dedicated to teaching oral hygiene. This session will include watching of an educational video followed by a quiz, as well as the application of the methods taught in the sink (using plate developer and the Oral B electric toothbrush with special orthodontic head). | Behavioural | Group with video and quizz |
Primary outcome
Compare the effectiveness of 3 methods of teaching oral hygiene in terms of controlling biofilm formation: MOP (Modified Orthodnotic Plaque Index) classification
Time frame: 6 months of intervention
The average plaque index at six months after inclusion according to the MOP (Modified Orthodnotic Plaque Index) classification. It is evaluated on macro photography in a standardized manner by a blind examiner of the patient's randomization arm. The values range from 0 to 4 for each tooth, which makes an average score of 0 to 48 for the maxillary arch. 0 is the absence of plaque while 48 is an abundance of plaque on all teeth, the worst situation. The score is expressed in absolute value without unit.
9 secondary outcomes
Compare the effectiveness of three teaching methods in oral hygiene for the control of gum inflammation: gingival index at six months after inclusion according to the Loë and Silness scale
Time frame: 6 months after bonding the device.
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: MOP classification plate index
Time frame: J0 (during the installation of the device)
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: gingival index according to the Loë and Silness scale
Time frame: J0 (during the installation of the device)
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: MOP classification plate index
Time frame: at 1½ months after installation of the device
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: gingival index according to the Loë and Silness scale
Time frame: at 1½ months after installation of the device
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: MOP classification plate index
Time frame: at 3 months after installation of the device
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: gingival index according to the Loë and Silness scale
Time frame: at 3 months after installation of the device
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: MOP classification plate index
Time frame: at 4½ months after installation of the device
Compare the effectiveness of three methods of teaching oral hygiene over time: gingival index according to the Loë and Silness scale
Time frame: at 4½ months after installation of the device
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Jun 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33588930Le Fouler A, Jeanne S, Sorel O, Brezulier D. How effective are three methods of teaching oral hygiene for adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment? The MAHO protocol: an RCT comparing visual, auditory and kinesthetic methods. Trials. 2021 Feb 15;22(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05093-z.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Damien BREZULIER, Dr principal investigator
Rennes University Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Group with active participation and Group with video and quizz in people with Orthodontic Appliance, run by Rennes University Hospital at 1 site in France.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in France. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Compare the effectiveness of 3 methods of teaching oral hygiene in terms of controlling biofilm formation: MOP (Modified Orthodnotic Plaque Index) classification (time frame: 6 months of intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04444154, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Jun 2026.