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EndometriosisNCT04448366

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Endometriosis

A study testing Cognitive behavioral therapy in people with Endometriosis and Quality of Life, run by Rijnstate Hospital at 5 sites in Netherlands.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Endometriosis affects 10% of reproductive aged women and causes severe pain and impaired quality of life (QoL). Surgery for endometriosis results in long term symptom relief in only 40% of women. QoL in endometriosis improves after surgery, but not to the level of healthy women. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 50 years, women only
Conditions the study is for
Endometriosis, Quality of Life, Pain
What is being tested?
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
100 participants
Where
5 sitesNetherlands
Study dates
24 Nov 2020to 10 Oct 2024
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 50 years
  • Women only
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Age: 18 to 50 years
  • Proven endometriosis (by ultrasound, MRI or surgery)
  • An indication for endometriosis debulking surgery* due to endometriosis-related pain
  • Being able to understand, read and write Dutch * An indication for surgery is present when hormonal and/or analgesic therapy failed in suppressing pain symptoms.

Who cannot join

  • An mood, anxiety or personality disorder diagnosis according to the DSM-5 at the moment of inclusion
  • Undergoing psychological treatment at the moment of inclusion
  • Use of psychopharmacologic medication aimed at altering mood at the moment of inclusion Patients that have endometriosis-related unwanted childlessness only
  • Chronic pain (3 days a week for at least 6 months) that can be allocated to other diseases or syndromes
  • Scalp hair shorter than 4 cm

Trial locations and contacts

5 sites in 1 country.

5 sites in 1 country

Netherlands5 sites
  • Jeroen Bosch Hospital

    's-Hertogenbosch, North Brabant, 5223GZ

  • Rijnstate Hospital

    Arnhem, Gelderland, 6815 AD

  • Catharina Hospital

    Eindhoven, North Brabant, 5623 EJ

  • Radboud University Medical Center

    Nijmegen, Gelderland, 6525 GA

  • Isala Hospital

    Zwolle, Overijsel, 8025AB

Other trials in Netherlands

About this study

Official title: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Improve Quality of Life After Surgical Treatment of Women With Endometriosis

Endometriosis affects 10% of reproductive aged women and causes severe pain and impaired quality of life (QoL). Surgery for endometriosis results in long term symptom relief in only 40% of women.

QoL in endometriosis improves after surgery, but not to the level of healthy women. Mediators in QoL include pain intensity, pain cognitions, and stress. In a preliminary study, patients with negative pain cognitions reported higher pain intensities compared to patients with positive pain cognitions. This indicates that psychological factors explain considerable variance in pain, suggesting that changing these factors by psychological interventions may contribute to improving QoL. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is proven effective as a psychological treatment for pain-related symptoms. The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether usual care combined with CBT improves QoL in patients undergoing surgery for endometriosis compared to usual care only. Secondary objectives are to investigate whether pain intensity, pain cognitions, perceived stress, fatigue and objectively measured cortisol levels mediate the effects of CBT on QoL in both groups.

In a randomized controlled trial, 100 endometriosis patients undergoing surgery will be randomized between usual care with CBT (CBT group) and usual care only (control group). Women in the CBT group will receive, in addition to usual care, one pre-surgery and six post-surgery sessions of CBT, aimed at positively influencing mediators of QoL. Women in the control group will receive only usual care. Follow-up will be 7,5 months. In both groups QoL, pain intensity, pain cognitions, fatigue, perceived stress (using questionnaires) and objective stress (assessing cortisol in a hair sample) will be assessed at baseline assessment, T1 (two weeks after completion of all CBT sessions) and T2 (follow-up). Recruitment and treatment of patients will take place in Rijnstate hospital and Radboud University Medical Center (UMC).

Read the detailed description

Rationale: Endometriosis affects 10% of reproductive aged women and causes severe pain and impaired quality of life (QoL). Surgery for endometriosis results in long term symptom relief in only 40% of women. QoL in endometriosis improves after surgery, but not to the level of healthy women. Mediators in QoL include pain intensity, pain cognitions, and stress. In a preliminary study, patients with negative pain cognitions reported higher pain intensities compared to patients with positive pain cognitions. This indicates that psychological factors explain considerable variance in pain, suggesting that changing these factors by psychological interventions may contribute to improving QoL. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is proven effective as a psychological treatment for pain-related symptoms. QoL after surgery for endometriosis should be improved. Pain cognitions could be psychosocial targets in the treatment of endometriosis related symptoms. We hypothesize that CBT focusing on cognitions towards pain for women undergoing surgery for endometriosis improves pain cognitions, leading to improvement of QoL.

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether usual care combined with CBT improves QoL in patients undergoing surgery for endometriosis compared to usual care only. Secondary objectives are to investigate whether pain intensity, pain cognitions, perceived stress, fatigue and objectively measured cortisol levels mediate the effects of CBT on QoL in both groups.

Study design: In a randomized controlled trial, 100 endometriosis patients undergoing surgery will be randomized between usual care with CBT (CBT group) and usual care only (control group). Women in the CBT group will receive, in addition to usual care, one pre-surgery and six post-surgery sessions of CBT, aimed at positively influencing mediators of QoL. Women in the control group will receive only usual care. Follow-up will be 7,5 months. In both groups QoL, pain intensity, pain cognitions, fatigue, perceived stress (using questionnaires) and objective stress (assessing cortisol in a hair sample) will be assessed at baseline assessment, T1 (two weeks after completion of all CBT sessions) and T2 (follow-up). Recruitment and treatment of patients will take place in Rijnstate hospital and Radboud University Medical Center (UMC).

Study population: Healthy female volunteers aged 18-50 years with an indication for endometriosis surgery due to endometriosis associated pain.

Intervention: Cognitive behavioral therapy administered in a total of seven sessions.

Main study parameters/endpoints: The difference in Quality of Life at the last measurement compared to baseline assessment.

Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: The control group will receive usual care. The intervention group will receive usual treatment plus a total of seven sessions of CBT. In addition, all participants are asked to fill in seven questionnaires at baseline assessment, T1 (two weeks after completion of all CBT sessions) and T2 (follow-up): the EHP-30, SF-36, PSC, PASS, CIS, NRS and PSS. Furthermore, the researcher will carefully collect a scalp hair sample of at least 0,5 cm thickness. This will be done at baseline assessment, T1 and T2. The hair sample will be analyzed for cortisol levels in a laboratory.

Keywords
Endometriosis, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Quality of life
Medical subject headings
Endometriosis, Pain

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Cognitive behavioral therapyBehavioural

    Patients in the CBT group will receive usual care. In addition, they will undergo one pre-surgery and six post-surgery face-to-face sessions of CBT. In the pre-surgery session, management of expectations towards surgery will be addressed. In the six post-surgery sessions, attention will be paid to psycho-education concerning the biological link between endometriosis-related pain and stress, relaxation training, cognitive stress management, and management of anxiety, catastrophizing and hypervigilance. The CBT sessions will be coordinated by a registered psychotherapist who is experienced in CBT and has knowledge about endometriosis. All CBT will be individual sessions.

Study groups in NCT04448366
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Cognitive behavioral therapy groupExperimentalPatients in this group will undergo a total of 7 sessions of CBT in 5 months in addition to usual care.
Receives: Behavioral: Cognitive behavioral therapy
Usual careNo interventionPatients in this group will undergo usual care only.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Change in Health Related Quality of Life assessed by the Endometriosis Health Profile 30

    The Endometriosis Health Profile 30 (EHP-30) is a disease-specific QoL questionnaire which is validated for use in endometriosis patients and measures the impact of the disease on physical, mental and social aspects of life.

    The EHP-30 is not a numerical scale.

    Measured: 7,5 months

  2. Change in general Quality of Life assessed by the Short Form 36

    The Short Form 36 (SF-36) is a multipurpose, general health survey which is applied to measure QoL on nine different domains: physical functioning, social functioning, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, emotional well-being, vitality, pain, general health, and health change.

    The SF-36 is not a numerical scale.

    Measured: 7,5 months

Secondary outcomes (6)
  1. Change in Pain intensity assessed by the Numerical Rating Scale

    The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain), and is the most commonly used subjective measure to assess pain intensity. Patients will score there estimated average pain intensity and there highest pain intensity of the previous 7 days.

    Minimum value: 0 Maximum value: 20 Higher score indicates a higher level of pain intensity.

    Measured: 7,5 months

  2. Change in Subjective stress assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale

    Perceived stress will be measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), a 10-item validated psychological instrument for measuring nonspecific perceived stress. Items are designed to score how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives.

    Minimum value: 10 Maximum value: 50 Higher score indicates a higher level of perceived stress.

    Measured: 7,5 months

  3. Change in Objective stress assessed by measuring scalp hair cortisol levels

    Cortisol will be extracted from hair. The researcher will carefully collect a scalp hair sample of at least 0,5 cm thickness and sent these to the laboratory to analyze. The most proximal part represents the most recently grown piece of hair. Hair samples will be cut into a segment corresponding to the 4 cm closest to the scalp, reflecting cortisol secretion over the four months prior to sample collection. Cortisol extraction from hair will be carried out using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).

    Measured: 7,5 months

  4. Changes in pain cognitions assessed by the Pain anxiety symptom scale

    The Pain anxiety symptom scale (PASS) measures anxiety caused by pain. Questions are asked about feelings of fear of pain, cognitive anxiety, avoidance behaviour, and physiological anxiety symptoms.

    Minimum value: 0 Maximum value: 200 Higher score indicates a higher pain anxiety.

    Measured: 7,5 months

  5. Changes in pain cognitions assessed by the pain catastrophizing Scale

    The pain catastrophizing Scale (PCS) measures the degree of pain catastrophizing of the participant by measuring elements of helplessness and pessimism in relation to the ability to cope with the pain experience.

    Minimum value: 0 Maximum value: 52 Higher score indicates a higher level of catastrophizing

    Measured: 7,5 months

  6. Changes in Fatigue assessed by the checklist individual strength

    The checklist Individual Strength (CIS) is a 20-item questionnaire addressing fatigue, concentration, motivation and activity over the past two weeks.

    The CIS is not a numerical scale.

    Measured: 7,5 months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted25 Jun 2020
  2. Study start24 Nov 2020
  3. Primary completion15 Aug 2024
  4. Study completion10 Oct 2024

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Double blind
Who is masked
Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
100 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT04448366
Sponsor's protocol ID
2019-1464
Status last verified
Nov 2024
First submitted
3 Jun 2020
Last updated
21 Nov 2024
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • van Aken MAW, Oosterman JM, van Rijn CM, Ferdek MA, Ruigt GSF, Peeters BWMM, Braat DDM, Nap AW. Pain cognition versus pain intensity in patients with endometriosis: toward personalized treatment. Fertil Steril. 2017 Oct;108(4):679-686. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.016. Epub 2017 Sep 11.

    PubMed 28911933
  • van Aken M, Oosterman J, van Rijn T, Ferdek M, Ruigt G, Kozicz T, Braat D, Peeters A, Nap A. Hair cortisol and the relationship with chronic pain and quality of life in endometriosis patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018 Mar;89:216-222. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.01.001. Epub 2018 Jan 5.

    PubMed 29414035
  • Giudice LC, Kao LC. Endometriosis. Lancet. 2004 Nov 13-19;364(9447):1789-99. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17403-5.

    PubMed 15541453
  • Soliman AM, Yang H, Du EX, Kelley C, Winkel C. The direct and indirect costs associated with endometriosis: a systematic literature review. Hum Reprod. 2016 Apr;31(4):712-22. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dev335. Epub 2016 Feb 6.

    PubMed 26851604
  • Ehde DM, Dillworth TM, Turner JA. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for individuals with chronic pain: efficacy, innovations, and directions for research. Am Psychol. 2014 Feb-Mar;69(2):153-66. doi: 10.1037/a0035747.

    PubMed 24547801
  • Faramarzi M, Pasha H, Esmailzadeh S, Kheirkhah F, Heidary S, Afshar Z. The effect of the cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy on infertility stress: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Fertil Steril. 2013 Oct;7(3):199-206. Epub 2013 Sep 18.

    PubMed 24520487
  • Richter J, Bittner A, Petrowski K, Junge-Hoffmeister J, Bergmann S, Joraschky P, Weidner K. Effects of an early intervention on perceived stress and diurnal cortisol in pregnant women with elevated stress, anxiety, and depressive symptomatology. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2012 Dec;33(4):162-70. doi: 10.3109/0167482X.2012.729111. Epub 2012 Oct 19.

    PubMed 23078196
  • Archer KR, Devin CJ, Vanston SW, Koyama T, Phillips SE, Mathis SL, George SZ, McGirt MJ, Spengler DM, Aaronson OS, Cheng JS, Wegener ST. Cognitive-Behavioral-Based Physical Therapy for Patients With Chronic Pain Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pain. 2016 Jan;17(1):76-89. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.09.013. Epub 2015 Oct 23.

    PubMed 26476267
  • Wang L, Chang Y, Kennedy SA, Hong PJ, Chow N, Couban RJ, McCabe RE, Bieling PJ, Busse JW. Perioperative psychotherapy for persistent post-surgical pain and physical impairment: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Br J Anaesth. 2018 Jun;120(6):1304-1314. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.10.026. Epub 2018 Feb 14.

    PubMed 29793597
  • Boersen Z, Oosterman JM, Dijkhuizen FPHLJ, van Vliet HAAM, van der Steeg JW, Teklenburg G, Delcliseur HSMJ, Winter EG, de Schepper KAI, Dorothea DDM, Verhaak CM, Nap AW. Improving health-related quality of life in patients with endometriosis-related chronic pain: the COGENS trial. BMC Womens Health. 2026 Mar 12;26(1):209. doi: 10.1186/s12905-026-04340-2.

    PubMed 41821023
  • Boersen Z, Oosterman J, Hameleers EG, Delcliseur HSMJ, Lutters C, IJssel de Schepper A, Braat D, Verhaak CM, Nap A. Determining the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in improving quality of life in patients undergoing endometriosis surgery: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2021 Dec 8;11(12):e054896. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054896.

    PubMed 34880026

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Cognitive behavioral therapy in people with Endometriosis and Quality of Life, run by Rijnstate Hospital at 5 sites in Netherlands.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Nov 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 5 sites in Netherlands. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change in Health Related Quality of Life assessed by the Endometriosis Health Profile 30 (time frame: 7,5 months). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04448366, which also lists 11 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Nov 2024.

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