Body WeightNCT04518930
High Fat vs High Protein and Appetite Hormones
A study testing Peanuts or plain Greek yogurt in people with Body Weight and Appetitive Behavior, run by Al-Balqa Applied University at 1 site in Jordan.
Trial summary
This study will investigate the effects of high-protein, high-fat snacks, specifically Greek yogurt, and peanuts, on satiety, gut hormones, and insulin secretion in overweight and obese women. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 30 to 40 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Body Weight, Appetitive Behavior, Dietary Exposure
- What is being tested?
- Peanuts or plain Greek yogurt
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 52 participants
- Where
- 1 siteJordan
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2021to 22 Oct 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 30 to 40 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Women aged between 30 and 40 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 35 kg/m², engaged in light exercise 1-3 times per week (activity factor 1.375) and adhered to a routine of consuming three regular meals, along with two daily snacks, and maintaining a water intake of eight cups and do not have any allergies, particularly to peanuts, and yogurt.
Who cannot join
- Women aged below 30 years or above 40 years, BMI below 25 kg/m² or above 35 kg/m², engaged in little or no exercise or engaged in moderate to heavy exercise, pregnant or lactating mothers, had allergies to nuts, peanuts, yogurt, milk, or milk products, using medications, hormonal therapy, supplements, oral contraceptives, or herbal/botanical products claimed to suppress appetite. Women in menopausal state, in their menstrual cycle days, or within one week before their menstrual cycle days will be excluded. Those with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, kidney diseases, thyroid disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome, or androgen disorders, following a weight-reducing diet, experiencing sleep disorders, or sleeping less than 8 hours per day, and consuming less than 8 cups of water per day will also excluded.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparing the Effect of High-Fat (Peanuts) Versus High-Protein (Plain Greek Yogurt) Snacks on Appetite Hormones and Satiety Among Overweight and Obese Women
This study will investigate the effects of high-protein, high-fat snacks, specifically Greek yogurt, and peanuts, on satiety, gut hormones, and insulin secretion in overweight and obese women. The hypothesis posited that peanuts will exhibit a more beneficial impact on satiety, gut hormones, and insulin levels compared to Greek yogurt. The two-arm parallel randomized trial will involve 52 participants aged 30 to 40 with a BMI between 25-35 kg/m²,and they will be randomly divided into peanut (n=26) and Greek yogurt (n=26) groups. Pre-snack, BMI and dietary intake will be assessed. Appetite sensations will be gauged using a visual analog scale (VAS) upon arrival, and at 30- and 60-minutes post-snack. Pre- and post-snacking, plasma levels of cholecystokinin (CCK), Peptide Tyrosine-Tyrosine (PYY), Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), Ghrelin (GHRL), and insulin will be analyzed.
Read the detailed description
The study's inclusion criteria will be encompassed women aged between 30 and 40 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 35 kg/m². These individuals engaged in light exercise 1-3 times per week (activity factor 1.375) and adhered to a routine of consuming three regular meals, along with two daily snacks, and maintaining a water intake of eight cups and do not have allergies to nuts or yogurt.
All participants should adhere to a 1200 kcal diet plan, which included breakfast, snack 1, lunch, snack 2, and dinner. This diet plan will remain consistent for all participants over a consecutive three-day period, except for the snacks that will be provided during the second visit. The specific snack assigned to each participant will be determined based on a predetermined randomization list. The first experimental group (n=26) will receive a high-protein snack in the form of plain Greek yogurt, while the second experimental group (n=26) will receive a high-fat snack in the form of peanuts.
Prior to intervention, in the first visit all anthropometric and body composition assessments will be performed. On the second visit which will be scheduled after three days of adhering to the 1200 Kcal diet, all participants should arrive at the clinic at 1:00 pm and they should had their breakfast at home at 9:00 am. Upon arrival, a baseline blood samples from each participant will be collected.
At 1:00 pm, participants in the plain Greek yogurt and peanut groups will consume their assigned snacks. Following snack consumption, a validated visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire will be distributed to assess sensations and appetite levels at 0 minutes (1:00 pm), 30 minutes (1:30 pm), and 60 minutes (2:00 pm).
One hour after their arrival, at 2:00 pm, a second blood sample will be collected from all participants. Serum samples will be used to analyze the Ghrelin, PYY, CCK, Glp-1 and insulin using human ELISA kits.
Statistical analysis will be performed after data entry using the SPSS statistical software. Prior to analysis data will be tested for normality. Descriptive statistics for continuous (means± SD) and categorical variables (frequencies and percentages) along with analytical statistics including t-test for paired and unpaired means and the repeated measures for the general linear model will be performed too. P < 0.05 will consider significant.
- Conditions
- Body Weight, Appetitive Behavior, Dietary Exposure, Hormone Deficiency
- Being tested
- Peanuts or plain Greek yogurt
- Keywords
- High fat, High protein, Satiety hormones, Appetite, Obesity
- Medical subject headings
- Body Weight, Appetitive Behavior, Obesity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Peanuts or plain Greek yogurtOther
Also called snack
Two different types of dietary snacks
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| high fat | Experimental | 26 participants will be provided with (35) g of roasted, not salted peanuts as snack. Receives: Other: Peanuts or plain Greek yogurt |
| high protein | Experimental | 26 participants will be provided with (380) g of Plain Greek yogurt after as snack. Receives: Other: Peanuts or plain Greek yogurt |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Appetite hormones
The effects of peanut snacking versus plain Greek yogurt on appetite hormones will be measured on Cholecystokinin, Ghrelin, Peptide YY, and Glucagon Like Peptide-1 and Insulin levels
Measured: one week
Appetite sensations
The effect of peanut snacking versus plain Greek yogurt on appetite sensations will be measured using validated visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire
Measured: 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Aug 2020
- Study start1 Dec 2021
- Primary completion1 Apr 2022
- Study completion22 Oct 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Body WeightStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 52 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Al-Balqa Applied University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Jordan
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nahla Bayyari, Al-Balqa Applied University
- Investigators
- Nahla S Al-Bayyari, Ph.D, Study director, Al-Balqa Applied University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04518930
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HF vs HP-8/2020
- Status last verified
- Oct 2024
- First submitted
- 15 Aug 2020
- Last updated
- 8 Oct 2024
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Al-Bayyari N, Alhameedy M, Omoush R, Ghazzawi H. Exploring the effects of high protein versus high fat snacks on satiety, gut hormones and insulin secretion in women with overweight and obesity: A randomized clinical trial. Obes Pillars. 2025 Sep 27;16:100212. doi: 10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100212. eCollection 2025 Dec.
PubMed 41079153
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Oct 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparing the Effect of High-Fat (Peanuts) Versus High-Protein (Plain Greek Yogurt) Snacks on Appetite Hormones and Satiety Among Overweight and Obese Women
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04518930
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HF vs HP-8/2020
- Conditions
- Body Weight, Appetitive Behavior, Dietary Exposure, Hormone Deficiency
- Keywords
- High fat, High protein, Satiety hormones, Appetite, Obesity
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 52 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Al-Balqa Applied UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Jordan
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Apr 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 22 Oct 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Aug 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will investigate the effects of high-protein, high-fat snacks, specifically Greek yogurt, and peanuts, on satiety, gut hormones, and insulin secretion in overweight and obese women. The hypothesis posited that peanuts will exhibit a more beneficial impact on satiety, gut hormones, and insulin levels compared to Greek yogurt. The two-arm parallel randomized trial will involve 52 participants aged 30 to 40 with a BMI between 25-35 kg/m²,and they will be randomly divided into peanut (n=26) and Greek yogurt (n=26) groups. Pre-snack, BMI and dietary intake will be assessed. Appetite sensations will be gauged using a visual analog scale (VAS) upon arrival, and at 30- and 60-minutes post-snack. Pre- and post-snacking, plasma levels of cholecystokinin (CCK), Peptide Tyrosine-Tyrosine (PYY), Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), Ghrelin (GHRL), and insulin will be analyzed.
Detailed description
The study's inclusion criteria will be encompassed women aged between 30 and 40 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 35 kg/m². These individuals engaged in light exercise 1-3 times per week (activity factor 1.375) and adhered to a routine of consuming three regular meals, along with two daily snacks, and maintaining a water intake of eight cups and do not have allergies to nuts or yogurt.
All participants should adhere to a 1200 kcal diet plan, which included breakfast, snack 1, lunch, snack 2, and dinner. This diet plan will remain consistent for all participants over a consecutive three-day period, except for the snacks that will be provided during the second visit. The specific snack assigned to each participant will be determined based on a predetermined randomization list. The first experimental group (n=26) will receive a high-protein snack in the form of plain Greek yogurt, while the second experimental group (n=26) will receive a high-fat snack in the form of peanuts.
Prior to intervention, in the first visit all anthropometric and body composition assessments will be performed. On the second visit which will be scheduled after three days of adhering to the 1200 Kcal diet, all participants should arrive at the clinic at 1:00 pm and they should had their breakfast at home at 9:00 am. Upon arrival, a baseline blood samples from each participant will be collected.
At 1:00 pm, participants in the plain Greek yogurt and peanut groups will consume their assigned snacks. Following snack consumption, a validated visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire will be distributed to assess sensations and appetite levels at 0 minutes (1:00 pm), 30 minutes (1:30 pm), and 60 minutes (2:00 pm).
One hour after their arrival, at 2:00 pm, a second blood sample will be collected from all participants. Serum samples will be used to analyze the Ghrelin, PYY, CCK, Glp-1 and insulin using human ELISA kits.
Statistical analysis will be performed after data entry using the SPSS statistical software. Prior to analysis data will be tested for normality. Descriptive statistics for continuous (means± SD) and categorical variables (frequencies and percentages) along with analytical statistics including t-test for paired and unpaired means and the repeated measures for the general linear model will be performed too. P < 0.05 will consider significant.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| high fat | Experimental | Other: Peanuts or plain Greek yogurt26 participants will be provided with (35) g of roasted, not salted peanuts as snack. |
| high protein | Experimental | Other: Peanuts or plain Greek yogurt26 participants will be provided with (380) g of Plain Greek yogurt after as snack. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 30 to 40 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Women aged between 30 and 40 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 35 kg/m², engaged in light exercise 1-3 times per week (activity factor 1.375) and adhered to a routine of consuming three regular meals, along with two daily snacks, and maintaining a water intake of eight cups and do not have any allergies, particularly to peanuts, and yogurt.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Women aged below 30 years or above 40 years, BMI below 25 kg/m² or above 35 kg/m², engaged in little or no exercise or engaged in moderate to heavy exercise, pregnant or lactating mothers, had allergies to nuts, peanuts, yogurt, milk, or milk products, using medications, hormonal therapy, supplements, oral contraceptives, or herbal/botanical products claimed to suppress appetite. Women in menopausal state, in their menstrual cycle days, or within one week before their menstrual cycle days will be excluded. Those with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, kidney diseases, thyroid disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome, or androgen disorders, following a weight-reducing diet, experiencing sleep disorders, or sleeping less than 8 hours per day, and consuming less than 8 cups of water per day will also excluded.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Peanuts or plain Greek yogurtAlso: snackTwo different types of dietary snacks | Other | high fat, high protein |
Primary outcome
Appetite hormones
Time frame: one week
The effects of peanut snacking versus plain Greek yogurt on appetite hormones will be measured on Cholecystokinin, Ghrelin, Peptide YY, and Glucagon Like Peptide-1 and Insulin levels
Appetite sensations
Time frame: 8 weeks
The effect of peanut snacking versus plain Greek yogurt on appetite sensations will be measured using validated visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Oct 2024.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41079153Al-Bayyari N, Alhameedy M, Omoush R, Ghazzawi H. Exploring the effects of high protein versus high fat snacks on satiety, gut hormones and insulin secretion in women with overweight and obesity: A randomized clinical trial. Obes Pillars. 2025 Sep 27;16:100212. doi: 10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100212. eCollection 2025 Dec.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Body Weight
Not yet recruiting
Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Combined With Lifestyle Intervention for Visceral Fat Reduction in Adults With Overweight or Obesity
Overweight, Obesity
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Assessing the Impact of Perceptions of Unpredictability on Objective Measures of Food Consumption and Metabolism
Healthy Volunteer, Obestity
Not yet recruitingPhase 1/2
Tocilizumab Combined With First-Line Chemo-Immunotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Cancer-Associated Weight Loss
Not yet recruitingPhase 3
ELEVATE-LIVER: A Study to Test Whether Survodutide Helps Improve Heart Structure and Function in People With Overweight or Obesity and Fatty Liver Disease
Obesity, Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Recruiting
Dry Weight Reduction Intervention Via Extra Ultrafiltration
Fluid Accumulation, Blood Pressure Management
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Nahla S Al-Bayyari, Ph.D study director
Al-Balqa Applied University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Peanuts or plain Greek yogurt in people with Body Weight and Appetitive Behavior, run by Al-Balqa Applied University at 1 site in Jordan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Oct 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Jordan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Appetite hormones (time frame: one week). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04518930, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Oct 2024.