Trigger Point Pain, MyofascialNCT04559906
Spray Stretch Technique Versus Sustain Pressure for Trapezius Triggers
A study testing Spray and Stretch technique (Ethyl chloride) and Sustain pressure release in people with Trigger Point Pain, Myofascial and Mechanical Neck Pain, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
The aim of this research is to determine the effects of spray and stretch technique versus sustain pressure for the management of upper trapezius triggers. A randomized control trail is conducting at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar and Northwest General Hospital and Research center Peshawar. The sample size is 54. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 35 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Trigger Point Pain, Myofascial, Mechanical Neck Pain
- What is being tested?
- Spray and Stretch technique (Ethyl chloride) and Sustain pressure release
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 54 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 30 Sep 2020to 31 Mar 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 35 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- At least one active myofascial trigger point in upper trapezius muscle.
- Painful limitation of neck lateral flexion range to opposite side of affected muscle.
Who cannot join
- Participants with pain pattern which is similar to pain of trigger point due to any other reason not related myofascial trigger points.
- Any trauma to cervical spine (whiplash injury) or any cervical spine surgery.
- Cervical myeloma, complex regional pain syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome.
- Cervical radiculopathy
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Spray and Stretch Technique Versus Sustain Pressure for the Management of Upper Trapezius Triggers
The aim of this research is to determine the effects of spray and stretch technique versus sustain pressure for the management of upper trapezius triggers. A randomized control trail is conducting at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar and Northwest General Hospital and Research center Peshawar. The sample size is 54. The Participants divide into two groups, 27 participants in Group A (receive the spray and stretch technique) and 27 in Group B (receive sustain pressure). The study duration is 6 months. Purposive non probability sampling technique applied. Only 20 to 35 years participants with upper trapezius trigger is including in this trial. Tools use in this study are visual analogue scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Goniometer, Algometer and Manual muscle strength (MMT). Data analyzed through SPSS version 25.
Read the detailed description
Myofascial Trigger Point (MTrP) is a hyperirritable spot in the taut bands of the skeletal muscles' fascia which is palpable and tender, on direct compression can produce referred pain in its reference zone, local tenderness and elicit a local twitch response. MTrP can be identified as either active or latent. According to Simons et al. that active and latent trigger points are associated with tenderness, muscle dysfunction, muscle weakness and restricted muscle length. An active MTrP causes spontaneous pain complaint in surrounding tissue and generally in its pain reference zone while latent MTrP physically exist but doesn't associate with spontaneous pain complaint. However, by direct compression latent MTrP can cause local pain on the site of taut band. Myofascial trigger points (MTrP) are considered one of the most common cause of musculoskeletal pain. Active MTrP are considered to be more prevalent in upper fibers of trapezius muscle (45% in right upper trapezius and 25% in left upper trapezius and cause neck pain and shoulder discomfort. Predisposing Factors associated to MTrP can be either mechanical stress (such as overuse of muscles, repetitive strain injury, work related mechanical disorder, awkward posture and degenerative condition) or metabolic stress( such as hypo metabolic state and vitamin deficiency).According to integrated hypothesis presented by Simon, MTrP is believed to develop after a local injury either repetitive micro trauma or gross trauma to the muscle fibers. The diagnostic criteria of MTrP used by recent studies which is presented by Simons et al. is based on palpation of muscle. A well-trained clinician palpates the muscle to localize the active MTrP. During physical examination, a hyper sensitive spot within taut bands of muscle fibers, Palpation of recognized spot results in referred pain within reference zone, palpation of recognized spot elicits a jump sign (defensive movement), palpation may result in local twitch response defined as visible contraction of muscle. There are varieties of physiotherapy interventions for the management of MTrP which maybe invasive and non-invasive such as dry needling, anesthetic injections, spray and stretch, ischemic compression and muscle energy techniques. A very limited evidence found on effects of spray and stretch technique versus sustain pressure for the Management of upper trapezius trigger points with flaws in methodology design. To fill the gap, this study is formulated to determine the effects of spray and stretch technique vs sustain pressure for the management of upper trapezius MTrP. Study will find out most effective treatment for management of upper trapezius and would contribute to educate and treat the patient with most simple and effective treatment approach.
Literature review A systematic and evidence-based search of relevant literature were performed by utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar as search engines.
A study conducted in 2017 regarding spray and stretch technique versus progressive pressure release on treatment of myofascial pain trigger point reported that spray and stretch technique was more effective in increasing functional activities while progressive pressure release was more effective in decreasing pain
Another study in 2017 regarding Immediate effect of spray and stretch on trapezitis demonstrated that spray and stretch technique is effective in terms to increases range of motion and increase pain pressure threshold on acute trapezitis.
A study in 2017 found that the number of active MTrP was positively associated with the physical burden of headache and trait anxiety.
Study in 2013 concluded that Vapocoolant spray may be more effective than ice as an analgesic for IV insertion. Subjects were more satisfied with vapocoolant spray.
Another study in 2014 investigated that spray and stretch had a short-term (<6h) effect in reducing post needling soreness of a latent MTrP and Pressure pain threshold did not significantly change after spray and stretch.
Study in 2018 reported that ischemic compression and progressive sustained pressure both have significant effect on improving the pain of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain pathologies.
- Being tested
- Spray and Stretch technique (Ethyl chloride), Sustain pressure release
- Keywords
- Spray and Stretch technique, Progressive Pressure release technique, Active myofascial trigger points, Upper Trapezius Triggers
- Medical subject headings
- Myofascial Pain Syndromes
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Spray and Stretch technique (Ethyl chloride)Other
Group A receive spray and stretch technique (Ethyl chloride) with conventional treatment.
The upper trapezius muscle stretches on the basis of the Technique originally described by Simons. The subject is seated in a relaxed position on their homolateral hand for anchoring the distal end of the studied muscle. Initially, 3 to 5 parallel sweeps of ethyl chloride spray is applied covering the Upper trapezius muscle. Then, the muscle are positioned in a maximal but tolerable stretch and lengthened until the Physical Therapist felt the muscle tension barrier. This procedure repeated 2 or 3 times.
Sustain pressure releaseOther
Group B receive sustain pressure release with conventional treatment. Progressive pressure release are considered in two stages. The initial step is to recognize and find the trigger in upper fiber of trapezius, utilizing trigger point palpation. Trigger point felt as firm and restricted hyperirritable knots with in gut of the muscle.
The second step is to applying pressure release ranging from eight to twelve second for each pressure, then it increases gradually for maximum of twenty seconds. The total duration of pressure is five minutes or more until the discharge is felt by the fingers.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group A | Experimental | Spray and Stretch technique Conventional treatment Hot pack (10-15 min) Stretching (3 sets of 10 repetitions with 10 seconds hold) AROM exercises (3 sets of 10 repetition) Receives: Other: Spray and Stretch technique (Ethyl chloride) |
| Group B | Active comparator | Sustain pressure release Conventional treatment Hot pack (10-15 min) Stretching (3 sets of 10 repetitions with 10 seconds hold) AROM exercises (3 sets of 10 repetition) Receives: Other: Sustain pressure release |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Neck disability index
Changes from base line Northwick disability index was developed first in Northwick Park hospital, England. It was designed to measure the neck pain and disability over time. It consists of 10, five parts sections. At the end, score is calculated by dividing the obtained score by total (50) multiplied by 100.
Measured: 2 weeks
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT)
Changes from the Baseline Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) will taken with the help of Algometer
Measured: 2 weeks
Secondary outcomes (3)
Visual Analogue scale(VAS)
Changes from base Line Visual Analogue scale is a scale for pain starting from 0-10. where 0 indicate no pain and 10 indicate severe pain
Measured: 2 weeks
Range Of Motion of cervical
Changes from the Baseline range of Motion of cervical spine will take with the Help of Goniometer
Measured: 2 weeks
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
HADS is a valid and reliable self-rating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. The HADS is a fourteen-item scale. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression.The "0-7" score indicates normal condition,"8-10" score indicates boarderline case and "11-21" score indicates the abnormal case.
Measured: 2 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Sep 2020
- Study start30 Sep 2020
- Primary completion15 Mar 2021
- Study completion31 Mar 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Trigger Point Pain, MyofascialStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Assignment
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 54 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Dr Saira Waqqar, PP-DPT,MHPE, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04559906
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/00686 Uzair Ahmad
- Status last verified
- Apr 2022
- First submitted
- 16 Sep 2020
- Last updated
- 15 Apr 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Amin D. SPRAY STRETCH TECHNIQUE VERSUS PROGRESSIVE PRESSURE RELEASE ON TRATMENT OF MYOFACIAL PAIN TRIGGER POINT: RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research. 2017;5:2101-7
Bulbuli D. Immediate Effect of Spray and Stretch Technique on Trapezits: An Experimental Study. Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research. 2017;05:20591-6
Palacios-Cena M, Castaldo M, Wang K, Catena A, Torelli P, Arendt-Nielsen L, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C. Relationship of active trigger points with related disability and anxiety in people with tension-type headache. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Mar;96(13):e6548. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006548.
PubMed 28353618Waterhouse MR, Liu DR, Wang VJ. Cryotherapeutic topical analgesics for pediatric intravenous catheter placement: ice versus vapocoolant spray. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2013 Jan;29(1):8-12. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31827b214b.
PubMed 23283254Martin-Pintado Zugasti A, Rodriguez-Fernandez AL, Garcia-Muro F, Lopez-Lopez A, Mayoral O, Mesa-Jimenez J, Fernandez-Carnero J. Effects of spray and stretch on postneedling soreness and sensitivity after dry needling of a latent myofascial trigger point. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Oct;95(10):1925-1932.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.05.021. Epub 2014 Jun 10.
PubMed 24928191Sharifullah M, Sajjad A, Mubeen A, Tariq I, Khan A, Darain H. COMPARISON OF SUSTAINED PRESSURE VS ISCHEMIC COMPRESSION ON TRIGGER POINTS IN CHRONIC MYOFACIAL PAIN MANAGEMENT. 2018
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Apr 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Spray and Stretch Technique Versus Sustain Pressure for the Management of Upper Trapezius Triggers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04559906
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/00686 Uzair Ahmad
- Keywords
- Spray and Stretch technique, Progressive Pressure release technique, Active myofascial trigger points, Upper Trapezius Triggers
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 54 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Sep 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Mar 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Sep 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this research is to determine the effects of spray and stretch technique versus sustain pressure for the management of upper trapezius triggers. A randomized control trail is conducting at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar and Northwest General Hospital and Research center Peshawar. The sample size is 54. The Participants divide into two groups, 27 participants in Group A (receive the spray and stretch technique) and 27 in Group B (receive sustain pressure). The study duration is 6 months. Purposive non probability sampling technique applied. Only 20 to 35 years participants with upper trapezius trigger is including in this trial. Tools use in this study are visual analogue scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Goniometer, Algometer and Manual muscle strength (MMT). Data analyzed through SPSS version 25.
Detailed description
Myofascial Trigger Point (MTrP) is a hyperirritable spot in the taut bands of the skeletal muscles' fascia which is palpable and tender, on direct compression can produce referred pain in its reference zone, local tenderness and elicit a local twitch response. MTrP can be identified as either active or latent. According to Simons et al. that active and latent trigger points are associated with tenderness, muscle dysfunction, muscle weakness and restricted muscle length. An active MTrP causes spontaneous pain complaint in surrounding tissue and generally in its pain reference zone while latent MTrP physically exist but doesn't associate with spontaneous pain complaint. However, by direct compression latent MTrP can cause local pain on the site of taut band. Myofascial trigger points (MTrP) are considered one of the most common cause of musculoskeletal pain. Active MTrP are considered to be more prevalent in upper fibers of trapezius muscle (45% in right upper trapezius and 25% in left upper trapezius and cause neck pain and shoulder discomfort. Predisposing Factors associated to MTrP can be either mechanical stress (such as overuse of muscles, repetitive strain injury, work related mechanical disorder, awkward posture and degenerative condition) or metabolic stress( such as hypo metabolic state and vitamin deficiency).According to integrated hypothesis presented by Simon, MTrP is believed to develop after a local injury either repetitive micro trauma or gross trauma to the muscle fibers. The diagnostic criteria of MTrP used by recent studies which is presented by Simons et al. is based on palpation of muscle. A well-trained clinician palpates the muscle to localize the active MTrP. During physical examination, a hyper sensitive spot within taut bands of muscle fibers, Palpation of recognized spot results in referred pain within reference zone, palpation of recognized spot elicits a jump sign (defensive movement), palpation may result in local twitch response defined as visible contraction of muscle. There are varieties of physiotherapy interventions for the management of MTrP which maybe invasive and non-invasive such as dry needling, anesthetic injections, spray and stretch, ischemic compression and muscle energy techniques. A very limited evidence found on effects of spray and stretch technique versus sustain pressure for the Management of upper trapezius trigger points with flaws in methodology design. To fill the gap, this study is formulated to determine the effects of spray and stretch technique vs sustain pressure for the management of upper trapezius MTrP. Study will find out most effective treatment for management of upper trapezius and would contribute to educate and treat the patient with most simple and effective treatment approach.
Literature review A systematic and evidence-based search of relevant literature were performed by utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar as search engines.
A study conducted in 2017 regarding spray and stretch technique versus progressive pressure release on treatment of myofascial pain trigger point reported that spray and stretch technique was more effective in increasing functional activities while progressive pressure release was more effective in decreasing pain
Another study in 2017 regarding Immediate effect of spray and stretch on trapezitis demonstrated that spray and stretch technique is effective in terms to increases range of motion and increase pain pressure threshold on acute trapezitis.
A study in 2017 found that the number of active MTrP was positively associated with the physical burden of headache and trait anxiety.
Study in 2013 concluded that Vapocoolant spray may be more effective than ice as an analgesic for IV insertion. Subjects were more satisfied with vapocoolant spray.
Another study in 2014 investigated that spray and stretch had a short-term (<6h) effect in reducing post needling soreness of a latent MTrP and Pressure pain threshold did not significantly change after spray and stretch.
Study in 2018 reported that ischemic compression and progressive sustained pressure both have significant effect on improving the pain of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain pathologies.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Assignment
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group A | Experimental | Other: Spray and Stretch technique (Ethyl chloride)Spray and Stretch technique Conventional treatment Hot pack (10-15 min) Stretching (3 sets of 10 repetitions with 10 seconds hold) AROM exercises (3 sets of 10 repetition) |
| Group B | Active comparator | Other: Sustain pressure releaseSustain pressure release Conventional treatment Hot pack (10-15 min) Stretching (3 sets of 10 repetitions with 10 seconds hold) AROM exercises (3 sets of 10 repetition) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- At least one active myofascial trigger point in upper trapezius muscle.
- Painful limitation of neck lateral flexion range to opposite side of affected muscle.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Participants with pain pattern which is similar to pain of trigger point due to any other reason not related myofascial trigger points.
- Any trauma to cervical spine (whiplash injury) or any cervical spine surgery.
- Cervical myeloma, complex regional pain syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome.
- Cervical radiculopathy
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Spray and Stretch technique (Ethyl chloride)Group A receive spray and stretch technique (Ethyl chloride) with conventional treatment. The upper trapezius muscle stretches on the basis of the Technique originally described by Simons. The subject is seated in a relaxed position on their homolateral hand for anchoring the distal end of the studied muscle. Initially, 3 to 5 parallel sweeps of ethyl chloride spray is applied covering the Upper trapezius muscle. Then, the muscle are positioned in a maximal but tolerable stretch and lengthened until the Physical Therapist felt the muscle tension barrier. This procedure repeated 2 or 3 times. | Other | Group A |
| Sustain pressure releaseGroup B receive sustain pressure release with conventional treatment. Progressive pressure release are considered in two stages. The initial step is to recognize and find the trigger in upper fiber of trapezius, utilizing trigger point palpation. Trigger point felt as firm and restricted hyperirritable knots with in gut of the muscle. The second step is to applying pressure release ranging from eight to twelve second for each pressure, then it increases gradually for maximum of twenty seconds. The total duration of pressure is five minutes or more until the discharge is felt by the fingers. | Other | Group B |
Primary outcome
Neck disability index
Time frame: 2 weeks
Changes from base line Northwick disability index was developed first in Northwick Park hospital, England. It was designed to measure the neck pain and disability over time. It consists of 10, five parts sections. At the end, score is calculated by dividing the obtained score by total (50) multiplied by 100.
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT)
Time frame: 2 weeks
Changes from the Baseline Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) will taken with the help of Algometer
3 secondary outcomes
Visual Analogue scale(VAS)
Time frame: 2 weeks
Range Of Motion of cervical
Time frame: 2 weeks
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Time frame: 2 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Apr 2022.
- BackgroundAmin D. SPRAY STRETCH TECHNIQUE VERSUS PROGRESSIVE PRESSURE RELEASE ON TRATMENT OF MYOFACIAL PAIN TRIGGER POINT: RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research. 2017;5:2101-7
- BackgroundBulbuli D. Immediate Effect of Spray and Stretch Technique on Trapezits: An Experimental Study. Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research. 2017;05:20591-6
- Background: PubMed 28353618Palacios-Cena M, Castaldo M, Wang K, Catena A, Torelli P, Arendt-Nielsen L, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C. Relationship of active trigger points with related disability and anxiety in people with tension-type headache. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Mar;96(13):e6548. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006548.
- Background: PubMed 23283254Waterhouse MR, Liu DR, Wang VJ. Cryotherapeutic topical analgesics for pediatric intravenous catheter placement: ice versus vapocoolant spray. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2013 Jan;29(1):8-12. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31827b214b.
- Background: PubMed 24928191Martin-Pintado Zugasti A, Rodriguez-Fernandez AL, Garcia-Muro F, Lopez-Lopez A, Mayoral O, Mesa-Jimenez J, Fernandez-Carnero J. Effects of spray and stretch on postneedling soreness and sensitivity after dry needling of a latent myofascial trigger point. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Oct;95(10):1925-1932.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.05.021. Epub 2014 Jun 10.
- BackgroundSharifullah M, Sajjad A, Mubeen A, Tariq I, Khan A, Darain H. COMPARISON OF SUSTAINED PRESSURE VS ISCHEMIC COMPRESSION ON TRIGGER POINTS IN CHRONIC MYOFACIAL PAIN MANAGEMENT. 2018
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Dr Saira Waqqar, PP-DPT,MHPE principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Spray and Stretch technique (Ethyl chloride) and Sustain pressure release in people with Trigger Point Pain, Myofascial and Mechanical Neck Pain, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Apr 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Neck disability index (time frame: 2 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04559906, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Apr 2022.