Non-specific Low Back PainNCT07362420
Comparing Myofascial Exercise and Trigger Point Therapy for Non-Specific Low Back Pain
A study testing Myofascial Trigger Point Manual Compression and Myofascial Chain-Based Specific Exercise in people with Non-specific Low Back Pain, run by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University at 2 sites in Taiwan.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if two common physical therapy approaches, used alone or together, can help reduce pain and improve daily function in adults with nonspecific low back pain. Nonspecific low back pain means low back pain without a clear medical cause. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Non-specific Low Back Pain
- What is being tested?
- Myofascial Trigger Point Manual Compression and Myofascial Chain-Based Specific Exercise
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 105 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesTaiwan
- Study dates
- 23 Feb 2026to 30 Nov 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 18 to 65 years
- Nonspecific low back pain lasting longer than 6 weeks
- Average low back pain intensity of 3 or higher on a 0-10 Numeric Pain Rating Scale
- Presence of at least 6 myofascial trigger points identified across bilateral target muscles
- Presence of muscle function impairments in at least 6 muscle groups based on functional muscle testing
- Able to understand study procedures and participate in an exercise-based intervention
- Willing and able to attend treatment sessions and complete study assessments
Who cannot join
- Currently pregnant
- Diagnosed spondylolisthesis or vertebral compression fracture
- Known malignancy or history of cancer affecting the spine
- Previous lumbar spine surgery
- Known neurological, infectious, or systemic disease that may affect pain or movement
- Any other medical condition that, in the opinion of the investigators, would interfere with safe participation in the study
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Taiwan2 sites, 2 recruiting
- Not yet recruiting
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
Taipei, Taipei City, 112304
Ya-Lun Wu, PT, +886 908103159, allen06190529.be13@nycu.edu.tw
- Recruiting
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
Taipei, 112
Wendy Tzyy-Jiuan Wang, PhD, 0928275082, tjwang@nycu.edu.tw
About this study
Official title: Effects of Myofascial Chain-Based Specific Exercise and Myofascial Trigger Point Therapy in People With Non-Specific Low Back Pain
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if two common physical therapy approaches, used alone or together, can help reduce pain and improve daily function in adults with nonspecific low back pain. Nonspecific low back pain means low back pain without a clear medical cause.
The main questions this study aims to answer are:
Read more
- Does hands-on pressure to painful muscle spots (called myofascial trigger point therapy) help lower low back pain?
- Does a guided exercise program that focuses on how muscles work together help lower low back pain?
- Does combining hands-on therapy with exercise work better than using either approach alone?
Researchers will compare three groups to see which approach leads to greater improvement. One group will receive hands-on trigger point therapy, one group will do a specific exercise program, and one group will receive both treatments.
Participants will:
- Be assigned to one of the three treatment groups by chance
- Receive treatment twice a week for four weeks
- Complete simple assessments before treatment starts, after the first treatment session, and after the final session
The results of this study may help physical therapists choose better noninvasive treatment options for people with nonspecific low back pain.
Read the detailed description
Non-specific low back pain is common, recurrent, and associated with substantial disability and health care use. In people with persistent symptoms, myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are frequently identified and may contribute to heightened local pain sensitivity, restricted movement, and altered muscle recruitment patterns. In parallel, impaired kinetic-chain function and deficits in neuromuscular control are widely considered clinically relevant in nonspecific low back pain. From a myofascial perspective, regional symptoms may be influenced by force transmission and coordination across interconnected tissues and muscles within myofascial chains, particularly those spanning the trunk and lower extremity.
This trial is grounded in a combined framework that integrates (1) a local, noninvasive manual approach targeting MTrP-related pain sensitivity and mechanical irritability and (2) a function-oriented, myofascial chain-based exercise approach designed to address movement dysfunction and chain-level performance. The exercise program applies a functional classification model distinguishing stabilizer and mobilizer muscle roles. Stabilizer dysfunction is addressed through low-load inner-range holding strategies aimed at improving segmental control and endurance, whereas mobilizer dysfunction is addressed through sustained stretching strategies aimed at improving available range and reducing compensatory movement patterns. The central hypothesis is that combining these two approaches may provide complementary benefits by first reducing local pain sensitivity and then consolidating gains through task-relevant neuromuscular retraining and chain-based loading.
This study is an assessor-blinded, three-arm randomized controlled trial. Adults with nonspecific low back pain will be randomized to receive either (1) MTrP manual compression, (2) myofascial chain-based specific exercise, or (3) a combined intervention. Interventions will be delivered by trained physical therapists using standardized, protocol-driven procedures, twice weekly over four weeks. The protocol includes decision rules intended to standardize session content while allowing limited adjustment to individual presentation (e.g., selection of the most clinically relevant trigger point per target muscle and tailoring of exercise progression based on movement quality and compensations).
To evaluate both immediate and overall intervention effects, assessments will be conducted at three time points: prior to the first treatment session (baseline), immediately after the first session (immediate response), and after completion of the final treatment session (post-intervention). The outcomes are selected to reflect pain sensitivity, function and disability, and mechanistic/functional domains relevant to the study framework (e.g., chain-level performance, neuromuscular function, and lumbar movement capacity). Home program adherence will be monitored with participant logs for exercise-containing groups, supporting interpretation of treatment response in relation to dosage and compliance.
Treatment fidelity will be supported through therapist training, use of standardized procedures, and documentation of session content and dosage. Safety monitoring will be conducted throughout the intervention period. Because all interventions are noninvasive and commonly used in physical therapy practice, major adverse events are not expected; however, any discomfort, symptom exacerbation, or other adverse responses will be recorded and managed according to the protocol.
- Conditions
- Non-specific Low Back Pain
- Being tested
- Myofascial Trigger Point Manual Compression, Myofascial Chain-Based Specific Exercise
- Keywords
- Non-specific Low Back Pain, Low Back Pain, Myofascial Trigger Points, Myofascial Chain, Exercise Therapy, Manual Therapy, Physical Therapy
- Medical subject headings
- Low Back Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Myofascial Trigger Point Manual CompressionOther
This intervention consists of noninvasive hands-on manual pressure applied by a licensed physical therapist to identified myofascial trigger points associated with nonspecific low back pain. Treatment sessions are provided twice per week over a four-week period. Manual compression is applied using standardized clinical procedures at an intensity tolerated by the participant. The selection of trigger points follows predefined criteria to ensure consistency across treatment sessions.
This intervention is noninvasive and does not involve the use of any drugs or medical devices.
Myofascial Chain-Based Specific ExerciseOther
This intervention is a supervised, noninvasive exercise program delivered by a licensed physical therapist. Participants attend exercise sessions twice per week for four weeks. The program focuses on movement control and muscle function within targeted myofascial chains and is tailored based on functional muscle performance. Exercise selection and progression follow standardized clinical criteria to promote safe and consistent implementation.
This intervention is noninvasive and does not involve the use of any drugs or medical devices.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Myofascial Trigger Point Manual Compression Group | Experimental | Participants in this group receive myofascial trigger point manual compression only. A licensed physical therapist applies sustained manual pressure to identified myofascial trigger points using standardized, noninvasive procedures. Receives: Other: Myofascial Trigger Point Manual Compression |
| Myofascial Chain-Based Specific Exercise Group | Experimental | Participants in this group receive a myofascial chain-based specific exercise program only. The supervised exercise program is delivered by a physical therapist and focuses on movement control and muscle function within targeted myofascial chains. Receives: Other: Myofascial Chain-Based Specific Exercise |
| Combined Manual Compression and Exercise Group | Experimental | Participants in this group receive a combined intervention consisting of myofascial trigger point manual compression followed by a myofascial chain-based specific exercise program within the same treatment session. Receives: Other: Myofascial Trigger Point Manual Compression; Other: Myofascial Chain-Based Specific Exercise |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain Intensity
Pain intensity is assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Participants rate their current low back pain on an 11-point scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Lower scores indicate less pain.
Measured: Baseline (before the first treatment session), immediately after the first treatment session, and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Secondary outcomes (8)
Functional performance
Functional performance is assessed using the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS). Participants identify activities limited by low back pain and rate their ability to perform each activity on a scale from 0 (unable to perform) to 10 (able to perform without difficulty). Higher scores indicate better function.
Measured: Baseline (before the first treatment session) and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Low Back Pain-Related Disability
Disability related to low back pain is assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The ODI measures the impact of low back pain on daily activities, with higher scores indicating greater disability.
The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used in this study to assess the level of disability in individuals with low back pain. The ODI consists of ten items designed to quantify the impact of low back pain on activities of daily living. Each item includes six statements, scored from 0 to 5, with 0 indicating no pain, no difficulty, and no functional limitation, and 5 indicating severe pain or disability that prevents the performance of the activity. The total score is calculated as a percentage, with 0% representing no disability and **100% representing the highest level of disability.
Measured: Baseline (before the first treatment session) and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Myofascial Chain Extensibility
Myofascial chain extensibility is assessed using standardized extensibility tests targeting three myofascial chains: the Superficial Back Line, Front Functional Line, and Back Functional Line.
Superficial Back Line extensibility is assessed using a standing forward-bending test, with the distance between the fingertips and the ground measured in centimeters.
Front Functional Line extensibility is assessed using a lunge-based trunk rotation test, with trunk rotation angle measured in degrees.
Back Functional Line extensibility is assessed using a kneeling side-bending posture, with thoracolumbar side-bending angle measured in degrees using a goniometer.
Measured: Baseline (before the first treatment session) and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Myofascial Chain Endurance
Myofascial chain endurance is assessed using standardized endurance tests targeting three myofascial chains: the Superficial Back Line, Front Functional Line, and Back Functional Line.
Superficial Back Line endurance is assessed using a modified Sorensen test, in which participants maintain a horizontal trunk position until voluntary fatigue occurs, without the presence of pain or compensatory movement.
Front Functional Line endurance is assessed using a supine abdominal curl-up endurance test with lower-limb adduction, with time recorded until voluntary fatigue occurs, without pain or compensatory movement.
Back Functional Line endurance is assessed using a modified quadruped endurance test, with participants maintaining simultaneous upper- and lower-limb elevation until voluntary fatigue occurs, without pain or compensatory movement.
Measured: Baseline (before the first treatment session) and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Muscle Function
Muscle function is evaluated using standardized clinical tests to assess stabilizer and mobilizer muscle performance. Test results indicate the ability to maintain controlled isometric contraction or complete functional movement without compensation.
Stabiliser muscle testing was performed for the psoas major and gluteus maximus, while mobiliser muscle testing was conducted for the hamstrings, quadratus lumborum, latissimus dorsi, iliocostalis lumborum, adductor longus, rectus abdominis, pectoralis major, and gastrocnemius.
For stabiliser muscles, the assessment evaluated whether the muscle could maintain a stable isometric contraction within its intrinsic functional range for 15 seconds, repeated twice, while monitoring for the presence of compensatory movements.
For mobiliser muscles, the assessment evaluated whether the muscle could be brought through its maximal functional range of motion, with observation for any compensatory movements.
Measured: Baseline (before the first treatment session) and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Lumbar Active Range of Motion
Lumbar active range of motion is measured in flexion, extension, side bending, and rotation using a back range-of-motion measurement (BROM II) device. Greater values indicate increased lumbar mobility.
Measured: Baseline (before the first treatment session), immediately after the first treatment session, and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Central Sensitization
Central sensitization is assessed using the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), a self-report questionnaire measuring symptoms related to pain sensitization. Higher scores indicate greater central sensitization.
Participants answer a series of questions about symptoms related to central sensitization, rating each item from 0 (never) to 4 (always). A score of more than 40 indicates the presence of central sensitisation.
Measured: Baseline (before the first treatment session) and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Pressure Pain Threshold
Pressure pain threshold is measured using a handheld algometer applied to selected myofascial trigger points. Higher values indicate lower pain sensitivity.
Measured: Baseline (before the first treatment session), immediately after the first treatment session, and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Jan 2026
- Study start23 Feb 2026
- Primary completion30 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Nov 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Non-specific Low Back PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 105 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Wendy Tzyy-Jiuan Wang, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07362420
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NYCU114206AE
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 13 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: There is currently no plan to share individual participant data. This decision may be re-evaluated upon study completion or at the time of publication.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Myofascial Chain-Based Specific Exercise and Myofascial Trigger Point Therapy in People With Non-Specific Low Back Pain
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07362420
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NYCU114206AE
- Conditions
- Non-specific Low Back Pain
- Keywords
- Non-specific Low Back Pain, Low Back Pain, Myofascial Trigger Points, Myofascial Chain, Exercise Therapy, Manual Therapy, Physical Therapy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 105 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 23 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 23 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if two common physical therapy approaches, used alone or together, can help reduce pain and improve daily function in adults with nonspecific low back pain. Nonspecific low back pain means low back pain without a clear medical cause.
The main questions this study aims to answer are:
- Does hands-on pressure to painful muscle spots (called myofascial trigger point therapy) help lower low back pain?
- Does a guided exercise program that focuses on how muscles work together help lower low back pain?
- Does combining hands-on therapy with exercise work better than using either approach alone?
Researchers will compare three groups to see which approach leads to greater improvement. One group will receive hands-on trigger point therapy, one group will do a specific exercise program, and one group will receive both treatments.
Participants will:
- Be assigned to one of the three treatment groups by chance
- Receive treatment twice a week for four weeks
- Complete simple assessments before treatment starts, after the first treatment session, and after the final session
The results of this study may help physical therapists choose better noninvasive treatment options for people with nonspecific low back pain.
Detailed description
Non-specific low back pain is common, recurrent, and associated with substantial disability and health care use. In people with persistent symptoms, myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are frequently identified and may contribute to heightened local pain sensitivity, restricted movement, and altered muscle recruitment patterns. In parallel, impaired kinetic-chain function and deficits in neuromuscular control are widely considered clinically relevant in nonspecific low back pain. From a myofascial perspective, regional symptoms may be influenced by force transmission and coordination across interconnected tissues and muscles within myofascial chains, particularly those spanning the trunk and lower extremity.
This trial is grounded in a combined framework that integrates (1) a local, noninvasive manual approach targeting MTrP-related pain sensitivity and mechanical irritability and (2) a function-oriented, myofascial chain-based exercise approach designed to address movement dysfunction and chain-level performance. The exercise program applies a functional classification model distinguishing stabilizer and mobilizer muscle roles. Stabilizer dysfunction is addressed through low-load inner-range holding strategies aimed at improving segmental control and endurance, whereas mobilizer dysfunction is addressed through sustained stretching strategies aimed at improving available range and reducing compensatory movement patterns. The central hypothesis is that combining these two approaches may provide complementary benefits by first reducing local pain sensitivity and then consolidating gains through task-relevant neuromuscular retraining and chain-based loading.
This study is an assessor-blinded, three-arm randomized controlled trial. Adults with nonspecific low back pain will be randomized to receive either (1) MTrP manual compression, (2) myofascial chain-based specific exercise, or (3) a combined intervention. Interventions will be delivered by trained physical therapists using standardized, protocol-driven procedures, twice weekly over four weeks. The protocol includes decision rules intended to standardize session content while allowing limited adjustment to individual presentation (e.g., selection of the most clinically relevant trigger point per target muscle and tailoring of exercise progression based on movement quality and compensations).
To evaluate both immediate and overall intervention effects, assessments will be conducted at three time points: prior to the first treatment session (baseline), immediately after the first session (immediate response), and after completion of the final treatment session (post-intervention). The outcomes are selected to reflect pain sensitivity, function and disability, and mechanistic/functional domains relevant to the study framework (e.g., chain-level performance, neuromuscular function, and lumbar movement capacity). Home program adherence will be monitored with participant logs for exercise-containing groups, supporting interpretation of treatment response in relation to dosage and compliance.
Treatment fidelity will be supported through therapist training, use of standardized procedures, and documentation of session content and dosage. Safety monitoring will be conducted throughout the intervention period. Because all interventions are noninvasive and commonly used in physical therapy practice, major adverse events are not expected; however, any discomfort, symptom exacerbation, or other adverse responses will be recorded and managed according to the protocol.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Myofascial Trigger Point Manual Compression Group | Experimental | Other: Myofascial Trigger Point Manual CompressionParticipants in this group receive myofascial trigger point manual compression only. A licensed physical therapist applies sustained manual pressure to identified myofascial trigger points using standardized, noninvasive procedures. |
| Myofascial Chain-Based Specific Exercise Group | Experimental | Other: Myofascial Chain-Based Specific ExerciseParticipants in this group receive a myofascial chain-based specific exercise program only. The supervised exercise program is delivered by a physical therapist and focuses on movement control and muscle function within targeted myofascial chains. |
| Combined Manual Compression and Exercise Group | Experimental | Other: Myofascial Trigger Point Manual Compression, Other: Myofascial Chain-Based Specific ExerciseParticipants in this group receive a combined intervention consisting of myofascial trigger point manual compression followed by a myofascial chain-based specific exercise program within the same treatment session. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Adults aged 18 to 65 years
- Nonspecific low back pain lasting longer than 6 weeks
- Average low back pain intensity of 3 or higher on a 0-10 Numeric Pain Rating Scale
- Presence of at least 6 myofascial trigger points identified across bilateral target muscles
- Presence of muscle function impairments in at least 6 muscle groups based on functional muscle testing
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Currently pregnant
- Diagnosed spondylolisthesis or vertebral compression fracture
- Known malignancy or history of cancer affecting the spine
- Previous lumbar spine surgery
- Known neurological, infectious, or systemic disease that may affect pain or movement
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Myofascial Trigger Point Manual CompressionThis intervention consists of noninvasive hands-on manual pressure applied by a licensed physical therapist to identified myofascial trigger points associated with nonspecific low back pain. Treatment sessions are provided twice per week over a four-week period. Manual compression is applied using standardized clinical procedures at an intensity tolerated by the participant. The selection of trigger points follows predefined criteria to ensure consistency across treatment sessions. This intervention is noninvasive and does not involve the use of any drugs or medical devices. | Other | Combined Manual Compression and Exercise Group, Myofascial Trigger Point Manual Compression Group |
| Myofascial Chain-Based Specific ExerciseThis intervention is a supervised, noninvasive exercise program delivered by a licensed physical therapist. Participants attend exercise sessions twice per week for four weeks. The program focuses on movement control and muscle function within targeted myofascial chains and is tailored based on functional muscle performance. Exercise selection and progression follow standardized clinical criteria to promote safe and consistent implementation. This intervention is noninvasive and does not involve the use of any drugs or medical devices. | Other | Combined Manual Compression and Exercise Group, Myofascial Chain-Based Specific Exercise Group |
Primary outcome
Pain Intensity
Time frame: Baseline (before the first treatment session), immediately after the first treatment session, and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Pain intensity is assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Participants rate their current low back pain on an 11-point scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Lower scores indicate less pain.
8 secondary outcomes
Functional performance
Time frame: Baseline (before the first treatment session) and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Low Back Pain-Related Disability
Time frame: Baseline (before the first treatment session) and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Myofascial Chain Extensibility
Time frame: Baseline (before the first treatment session) and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Myofascial Chain Endurance
Time frame: Baseline (before the first treatment session) and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Muscle Function
Time frame: Baseline (before the first treatment session) and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Lumbar Active Range of Motion
Time frame: Baseline (before the first treatment session), immediately after the first treatment session, and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Central Sensitization
Time frame: Baseline (before the first treatment session) and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Pressure Pain Threshold
Time frame: Baseline (before the first treatment session), immediately after the first treatment session, and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. There is currently no plan to share individual participant data. This decision may be re-evaluated upon study completion or at the time of publication.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Myofascial Trigger Point Manual Compression and Myofascial Chain-Based Specific Exercise in people with Non-specific Low Back Pain, run by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University at 2 sites in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Ya-Lun Wu, PT (+886 908103159, allen06190529.be13@nycu.edu.tw), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain Intensity (time frame: Baseline (before the first treatment session), immediately after the first treatment session, and after the final treatment session (4 weeks)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Oct 2026.