Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationNCT04569812
Standard CPR Versus Chest Compressions Only
A study testing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in people with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, run by Medical University of Vienna at 1 site in Austria.
Trial summary
Background: More than two thirds of sudden cardiac arrests are witnessed by bystanders. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) doubles survival from cardiac arrest. Importantly, even in witnessed cardiac arrests only 20% of the bystanders commence basic life support. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- What is being tested?
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 84 participants
- Where
- 1 siteAustria
- Study dates
- 23 Mar 2015to 20 Apr 2016
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Volunteers of non-medical professions
Who cannot join
- <18years
- medical professionals
- known pregnancy
- physical impairments or illnesses that prohibited physical
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Providing the Best Chest Compression Quality: Standard CPR Versus Chest Compressions Only in a Bystander Resuscitation Model.
Background:
More than two thirds of sudden cardiac arrests are witnessed by bystanders. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) doubles survival from cardiac arrest. Importantly, even in witnessed cardiac arrests only 20% of the bystanders commence basic life support. Common reasons for not commencing include panicking and the perceived inability to perform CPR correctly. A meta-analysis could demonstrate that a simplification of the algorithm (compression-only dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR) led to a 22% increase in survival-to-hospital discharge. A recently published trial of the research group could demonstrate that the presence of a flowchart has a positive effect on the quality of BLS while at the same time increasing the rescuers' confidence. Nonetheless, performing CPR is exhausting. Previous publications have emphasized increasing fatigue with the duration of CPR efforts in both, standard and chest compressions-only CPR. Consequently, the investigators wanted to test the hypothesis that chest compressions (CC) are delivered more correctly regarding the depth when utilizing the standard Basic Life Support (BLS) algorithm with the aid of a flowchart as compared to the CC only algorithm utilizing an adapted CPR flowchart in a manikin resuscitation model.
Read more
Methods:
After consent of the Research Ethics Board of Medical University of Vienna and obtaining written informed consent of the participants, 84 medically untrained laypersons will be randomised to perform flow-chart assisted CPR for 300s following standard CPR guidelines or CC only CPR. The primary outcome parameter will be the total number of CC achieving the correct depth of 50-60mm. Secondary outcome parameters will be hands-off time, the total number of CC, and the compression rate. The total number of delivered rescue breaths, tidal volume, and time to deliver these will also be evaluated. Furthermore, the subjective point of exhaustion affecting the CPR quality, the reason for discontinuation of CPR if stopped within the 300sec. period and the exhaustion at the end of the CPR measures will be evaluated.
Read the detailed description
Volunteers will be invited to participate in the trial by the study personnel. Recruitment will be conducted at a Training Centre of St. John ambulance, Vienna, Austria, before the starts of the lessons. After giving written informed consent, participants will be randomized using a web based randomization program (www.random.org) and allocated to perform standard CPR or CC only. The randomization for group allocation will be kept in opaque and sealed envelopes.
The evaluation will be performed with an independent investigator using a computer attached Resusci-Anne Skillreporter by Laerdal-Medical® and the Laerdal Skillreporter Software with Segstat (Version 2.3.0, Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway).
The participants will be asked to perform BLS for five minutes on a manikin. The participants will then be asked to undertake any action they deem necessary to rescue the person simulated by the resuscitation manikin. Participants will not be informed about the underlying hypothesis or the outcome parameters. The room will be prepared to minimise outside interruptions.
Additionally, participants will be instructed to indicate the point in time during CPR when they feel that their fatigue is affecting the quality of the life support performed. ("During CPR and without stopping your actions, please tell us "NOW" when you perceive your fatigue is affecting the quality of the life support performed.)
Participants in both groups will receive one of the charts right at the beginning of the scenario with the information that "this chart will provide information on how to perform CPR" and with the start of the clock further instructions regarding is content. Both groups will not receive any further introduction or support. At the beginning of the scenario, the manikin will be positioned in a supine position on the floor. There will be no clock visible for the participant while performing CPR. An investigator is acting as bystander able to call the emergency medical service or to be sent to look for an automated external defibrillator (which will not be available in the scenario). Nonetheless, the investigator is instructed not to provide any information on how to perform CPR and does not physically take part in the primary check, CC, or mouth-to-mouth ventilations.
Data of steps performed or left out will be documented in hardcopy on the case report form by an investigator and the exact times and details of chest compressions and ventilations will be documented electronically (Laerdal Skillreporter Software with Segstat (Version 2.3.0, Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway)). Checklists of necessary steps will be created based on the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) BLS Guidelines 2010 in the same manner as published previously [Roessler et al. 2007, Koster et al. 2010].
After the five-minute period has ended, the participants will be informed that the emergency medical service is now taking over and that they can stop performing CPR. Directly thereafter, they will be asked the following questions "How exhausted are you now on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 indicates no exhaustion at all and 10 maximum exhaustion?" (Lickert Like 1-10). If a participant chooses to abort resuscitation attempts before the five minutes are over, the open-ended question "Why did you discontinue the resuscitation attempts?" will be raised.
- Conditions
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Being tested
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Keywords
- Manikins, Bystander, Quality
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationProcedure or surgery
flowchart-assisted standard resuscitation or chest compressions-only resuscitation for 5min
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Standard CPR | Experimental | After Informed Consent Document (ICD) signature, participants were randomised (to the Standard CPR group) to perform standard CPR (30:2) in a flowchart-assisted resuscitation for 5min in a manikin model Receives: Procedure: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
| Chest compressions only | Experimental | After ICD signature, participants were randomised (to the CC only CPR group) to perform chest compressions only in a flowchart-assisted resuscitation for 5min in a manikin model Receives: Procedure: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
total number of CCs that achieved the correct depth of 5-6cm
correct compression depth according to ERC Guideline 2015
Measured: During 5 minutes CPR
Secondary outcomes (10)
hand-off time
defined as the sum of the total time in which no CCs were provided
Measured: During 5 minutes CPR
time to the administration of CCs
Interval from cardiac arrest to start of chest compressions
Measured: During 5 minutes CPR
total number of CCs
Total number of chest compressions delivered
Measured: During 5 minutes CPR
relative number of correct CCs (%)
Percentage of chest compressions delivered at the correct depth
Measured: During 5 minutes CPR
During 5 minutes CPR
chest compressions delivered at a depth of >5cm
Measured: During 5 minute CPR
relative number of CCs >5cm
percentage of chest compressions delivered at a depth of >5cm
Measured: During 5 minutes CPR
average compression rate
average rate of chest compressions (X/minute)
Measured: During 5 minutes CPR
Time to fatigue
Interval to the timepoint when participants subjectively felt a loss in the quality of CPR due to fatigue
Measured: During 5 minutes CPR
levels of confidence
10-item Likert-like scale
Measured: During 5 minutes CPR
levels of exhaustion
Exhaustion after 5 minutes of CPR (10-item Likert-like scale)
Measured: During 5 minutes CPR
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Sep 2020
- Study start23 Mar 2015
- Primary completion20 Apr 2016
- Study completion20 Apr 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Medical University of ViennaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- prospective, randomized controlled study
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Medical University of Vienna
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- St. John's Ambulance, Vienna Austria, Universitäres Simulationszentrum Wien, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Bernhard Roessler, Medical University of Vienna
- Investigators
- Bernhard Roessler, MD, Principal investigator, Medical University of Vienna
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04569812
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1136/2015
- Status last verified
- Sep 2020
- First submitted
- 9 Sep 2019
- Last updated
- 1 Oct 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D. The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Statistics in Europe. Eur Heart J. 1997 Dec;18(12):1231-48. No abstract available.
PubMed 9508543Hasselqvist-Ax I, Riva G, Herlitz J, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J, Nordberg P, Ringh M, Jonsson M, Axelsson C, Lindqvist J, Karlsson T, Svensson L. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jun 11;372(24):2307-15. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405796.
PubMed 26061835Larsen MP, Eisenberg MS, Cummins RO, Hallstrom AP. Predicting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a graphic model. Ann Emerg Med. 1993 Nov;22(11):1652-8. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81302-2.
PubMed 8214853Nolan JP. Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Semin Neurol. 2017 Feb;37(1):5-12. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1597832. Epub 2017 Feb 1.
PubMed 28147412Savastano S, Vanni V. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in real life: the most frequent fears of lay rescuers. Resuscitation. 2011 May;82(5):568-71. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.12.010. Epub 2011 Feb 17.
PubMed 21333434Perkins GD, Handley AJ, Koster RW, Castren M, Smyth MA, Olasveengen T, Monsieurs KG, Raffay V, Grasner JT, Wenzel V, Ristagno G, Soar J; Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation section Collaborators. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 2. Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation. Resuscitation. 2015 Oct;95:81-99. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.015. Epub 2015 Oct 15. No abstract available.
PubMed 26477420Hupfl M, Selig HF, Nagele P. Chest-compression-only versus standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010 Nov 6;376(9752):1552-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61454-7. Epub 2010 Oct 14.
PubMed 20951422Rossler B, Ziegler M, Hupfl M, Fleischhackl R, Krychtiuk KA, Schebesta K. Can a flowchart improve the quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Resuscitation. 2013 Jul;84(7):982-6. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.01.001. Epub 2013 Jan 7.
PubMed 23306815
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Oct 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Providing the Best Chest Compression Quality: Standard CPR Versus Chest Compressions Only in a Bystander Resuscitation Model.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04569812
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1136/2015
- Conditions
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Keywords
- Manikins, Bystander, Quality
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Medical University of ViennaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- St. John's Ambulance, Vienna Austria, Universitäres Simulationszentrum Wien, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
- Study start
- 23 Mar 2015 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Apr 2016 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Apr 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Sep 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background:
More than two thirds of sudden cardiac arrests are witnessed by bystanders. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) doubles survival from cardiac arrest. Importantly, even in witnessed cardiac arrests only 20% of the bystanders commence basic life support. Common reasons for not commencing include panicking and the perceived inability to perform CPR correctly. A meta-analysis could demonstrate that a simplification of the algorithm (compression-only dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR) led to a 22% increase in survival-to-hospital discharge. A recently published trial of the research group could demonstrate that the presence of a flowchart has a positive effect on the quality of BLS while at the same time increasing the rescuers' confidence. Nonetheless, performing CPR is exhausting. Previous publications have emphasized increasing fatigue with the duration of CPR efforts in both, standard and chest compressions-only CPR. Consequently, the investigators wanted to test the hypothesis that chest compressions (CC) are delivered more correctly regarding the depth when utilizing the standard Basic Life Support (BLS) algorithm with the aid of a flowchart as compared to the CC only algorithm utilizing an adapted CPR flowchart in a manikin resuscitation model.
Methods:
After consent of the Research Ethics Board of Medical University of Vienna and obtaining written informed consent of the participants, 84 medically untrained laypersons will be randomised to perform flow-chart assisted CPR for 300s following standard CPR guidelines or CC only CPR. The primary outcome parameter will be the total number of CC achieving the correct depth of 50-60mm. Secondary outcome parameters will be hands-off time, the total number of CC, and the compression rate. The total number of delivered rescue breaths, tidal volume, and time to deliver these will also be evaluated. Furthermore, the subjective point of exhaustion affecting the CPR quality, the reason for discontinuation of CPR if stopped within the 300sec. period and the exhaustion at the end of the CPR measures will be evaluated.
Detailed description
Volunteers will be invited to participate in the trial by the study personnel. Recruitment will be conducted at a Training Centre of St. John ambulance, Vienna, Austria, before the starts of the lessons. After giving written informed consent, participants will be randomized using a web based randomization program (www.random.org) and allocated to perform standard CPR or CC only. The randomization for group allocation will be kept in opaque and sealed envelopes.
The evaluation will be performed with an independent investigator using a computer attached Resusci-Anne Skillreporter by Laerdal-Medical® and the Laerdal Skillreporter Software with Segstat (Version 2.3.0, Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway).
The participants will be asked to perform BLS for five minutes on a manikin. The participants will then be asked to undertake any action they deem necessary to rescue the person simulated by the resuscitation manikin. Participants will not be informed about the underlying hypothesis or the outcome parameters. The room will be prepared to minimise outside interruptions.
Additionally, participants will be instructed to indicate the point in time during CPR when they feel that their fatigue is affecting the quality of the life support performed. ("During CPR and without stopping your actions, please tell us "NOW" when you perceive your fatigue is affecting the quality of the life support performed.)
Participants in both groups will receive one of the charts right at the beginning of the scenario with the information that "this chart will provide information on how to perform CPR" and with the start of the clock further instructions regarding is content. Both groups will not receive any further introduction or support. At the beginning of the scenario, the manikin will be positioned in a supine position on the floor. There will be no clock visible for the participant while performing CPR. An investigator is acting as bystander able to call the emergency medical service or to be sent to look for an automated external defibrillator (which will not be available in the scenario). Nonetheless, the investigator is instructed not to provide any information on how to perform CPR and does not physically take part in the primary check, CC, or mouth-to-mouth ventilations.
Data of steps performed or left out will be documented in hardcopy on the case report form by an investigator and the exact times and details of chest compressions and ventilations will be documented electronically (Laerdal Skillreporter Software with Segstat (Version 2.3.0, Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway)). Checklists of necessary steps will be created based on the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) BLS Guidelines 2010 in the same manner as published previously [Roessler et al. 2007, Koster et al. 2010].
After the five-minute period has ended, the participants will be informed that the emergency medical service is now taking over and that they can stop performing CPR. Directly thereafter, they will be asked the following questions "How exhausted are you now on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 indicates no exhaustion at all and 10 maximum exhaustion?" (Lickert Like 1-10). If a participant chooses to abort resuscitation attempts before the five minutes are over, the open-ended question "Why did you discontinue the resuscitation attempts?" will be raised.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- prospective, randomized controlled study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Standard CPR | Experimental | Procedure: Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationAfter Informed Consent Document (ICD) signature, participants were randomised (to the Standard CPR group) to perform standard CPR (30:2) in a flowchart-assisted resuscitation for 5min in a manikin model |
| Chest compressions only | Experimental | Procedure: Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationAfter ICD signature, participants were randomised (to the CC only CPR group) to perform chest compressions only in a flowchart-assisted resuscitation for 5min in a manikin model |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Volunteers of non-medical professions
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- <18years
- medical professionals
- known pregnancy
- physical impairments or illnesses that prohibited physical
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitationflowchart-assisted standard resuscitation or chest compressions-only resuscitation for 5min | Procedure or surgery | Chest compressions only, Standard CPR |
Primary outcome
total number of CCs that achieved the correct depth of 5-6cm
Time frame: During 5 minutes CPR
correct compression depth according to ERC Guideline 2015
10 secondary outcomes
hand-off time
Time frame: During 5 minutes CPR
time to the administration of CCs
Time frame: During 5 minutes CPR
total number of CCs
Time frame: During 5 minutes CPR
relative number of correct CCs (%)
Time frame: During 5 minutes CPR
During 5 minutes CPR
Time frame: During 5 minute CPR
relative number of CCs >5cm
Time frame: During 5 minutes CPR
average compression rate
Time frame: During 5 minutes CPR
Time to fatigue
Time frame: During 5 minutes CPR
levels of confidence
Time frame: During 5 minutes CPR
levels of exhaustion
Time frame: During 5 minutes CPR
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Oct 2020.
- Background: PubMed 9508543Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D. The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Statistics in Europe. Eur Heart J. 1997 Dec;18(12):1231-48. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 26061835Hasselqvist-Ax I, Riva G, Herlitz J, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J, Nordberg P, Ringh M, Jonsson M, Axelsson C, Lindqvist J, Karlsson T, Svensson L. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jun 11;372(24):2307-15. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405796.
- Background: PubMed 8214853Larsen MP, Eisenberg MS, Cummins RO, Hallstrom AP. Predicting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a graphic model. Ann Emerg Med. 1993 Nov;22(11):1652-8. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81302-2.
- Background: PubMed 28147412Nolan JP. Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Semin Neurol. 2017 Feb;37(1):5-12. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1597832. Epub 2017 Feb 1.
- Background: PubMed 21333434Savastano S, Vanni V. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in real life: the most frequent fears of lay rescuers. Resuscitation. 2011 May;82(5):568-71. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.12.010. Epub 2011 Feb 17.
- Background: PubMed 26477420Perkins GD, Handley AJ, Koster RW, Castren M, Smyth MA, Olasveengen T, Monsieurs KG, Raffay V, Grasner JT, Wenzel V, Ristagno G, Soar J; Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation section Collaborators. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 2. Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation. Resuscitation. 2015 Oct;95:81-99. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.015. Epub 2015 Oct 15. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 20951422Hupfl M, Selig HF, Nagele P. Chest-compression-only versus standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010 Nov 6;376(9752):1552-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61454-7. Epub 2010 Oct 14.
- Background: PubMed 23306815Rossler B, Ziegler M, Hupfl M, Fleischhackl R, Krychtiuk KA, Schebesta K. Can a flowchart improve the quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Resuscitation. 2013 Jul;84(7):982-6. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.01.001. Epub 2013 Jan 7.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Bernhard Roessler, MD principal investigator
Medical University of Vienna
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in people with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, run by Medical University of Vienna at 1 site in Austria.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Oct 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Austria. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
total number of CCs that achieved the correct depth of 5-6cm (time frame: During 5 minutes CPR). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04569812, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Oct 2020.