Multiple SclerosisESPLICANCT04635436
Efficacy of Split Gait in the Treatment of Dynamic Asymmetries in Subjects With Pathologic Claudication
A study testing Split-belt treadmill walking. in people with Multiple Sclerosis and Poststroke/CVA Hemiparesis, run by Istituto Auxologico Italiano at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
Walking on a split-belt treadmill (each of the two belts running at a different speed) imposes an asymmetrical gait, mimicking limping that has been observed in various pathologic conditions. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Multiple Sclerosis, Poststroke/CVA Hemiparesis, Parkinson Disease
- What is being tested?
- Split-belt treadmill walking.
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 15 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 5 Feb 2020to 31 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- age between 18 and 70 years old;
- ability to walk for at least 20 meters without support;
- ability to wittingly sign the informed consent form;
- ability to understand the instructions and to complete the motor task;
- visual acuity > 10/20 on the worse side, with optical correction;
- unilateral motor impairments of one lower limb as a consequence of various pathologic conditions, such as (not exhausting list): post-stroke hemiparesis, Parkinson's disease with lateral asymmetry in the motor symptoms, multiple sclerosis with lateral asymmetry in the motor symptoms, unilateral amputation with prosthetic correction, surgical orthopedic interventions, unilateral lesions of peripheral nerves.
Who cannot join
- systemic neurologic pathologies;
- orthopedic surgical interventions, other than those determining the inclusion criteria;
- symptomatic pathologies of rachis;
- other sensory or neurological pathologies with impact on balance and gait;
- pregnancy.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Walking on a split-belt treadmill (each of the two belts running at a different speed) imposes an asymmetrical gait, mimicking limping that has been observed in various pathologic conditions. This walking modality has been proposed as an experimental paradigm to investigate the flexibility of the neural control of gait and as a form of therapeutic exercise for hemi-paretic patients. However, the scarcity of dynamic investigations both for segmental aspects and for the entire body system, represented by the centre of mass, challenges the validity of the available findings on split gait.
Compared with overground gait in hemiplegia, split gait entails an opposite spatial and dynamic asymmetry. The faster leg mimics the paretic limb temporally, but the unimpaired limb from the spatial and dynamic point of view. These differences suggest that a partial shift in perspective may help to clarify the potential of the split gait as a rehabilitation tool.
Read more
The aim of the present study is to investigate the dynamic asymmetries of lower limbs in adults with unilateral motor impairments (e.g. hemiplegia post-stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, unilateral amputation, surgical orthopedic interventions) during adaptation to gait on a split-belt treadmill. The sagittal power provided by the ankle and the total mechanical energy of the centre of mass will be thoroughly studied. The time course of phenomena both during gait when the belts are running at different speed and when the belts are set back to the same speed (i.e. the after-effect) will be investigated.
A greater dynamic symmetry between the lower limbs is expected after split gait. The question whether this symmetry will occur when the pathological limb is on the faster or the lower belt will be disclosed. Some alterations of the motion of the centre of mass during split gait are also expected.
- Conditions
- Multiple Sclerosis, Poststroke/CVA Hemiparesis, Parkinson Disease, Amputation, Knee Impairment
- Being tested
- Split-belt treadmill walking.
- Keywords
- walking, split-belt treadmill, motor adaptation, after-effect, dynamic symmetry, rehabilitation
- Medical subject headings
- Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Split-belt treadmill walking.Other
The intervention will consist of split-belt treadmill walking. During the test session, participants will walk on a split-belt treadmill mounted on force sensors with the belts running at the same or at different velocities. They will walk freely without any support. The test sequence will be the following:
- Baseline phase. 3 minutes walking at increasing speed, speed will be increased of 0.1 m s-1 every 30 s. A brief pause of around 1 minute will follow.
- Habituation phase. 30 seconds walking at 0.2 m s-1.
- Adaptation phase. The velocity of the belt under the non-affected lower limb will be increased to 0.6 m s-1, while the other belt will maintain its velocity of 0.2 m s-1 for 6 minutes.
- Post-adaptation phase. Belts' velocities will be restored at 0.2 m s-1 for 6 minutes.
Participants will be informed before the changes in belts' velocities with a verbal warning.
Participants will repeat the same protocol with the affected lower limb on the fast belt after one week.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Pathologic group | Other | At least 20 participants with various orthopaedic or neurologic conditions (for example, post-stroke hemiparesis, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, unilateral amputation, surgical orthopedic interventions) will be enrolled. Receives: Other: Split-belt treadmill walking. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Ankle Joint Power
Joint kinematics will be recorded through an optoelectronic method as per the Davis anthropometric model. The 3D displacement of the markers will be captured using 10 near-infrared stroboscopic cameras. Joint power will be computed through the spatiotemporal synchronization of ground reaction force vectors and the joint centers of rotation. Only the sagittal plane will be considered for the analysis. Joint power will be computed as the product of joint torque and joint rotation speed. Power will be defined as positive or generated when the joint moment and rotation speed shared the same directions (i. e., when agonist muscles are contracting while shortening), as negative or absorbed otherwise. Positive work will be computed as the integral of the generated (positive) power over time.
Measured: Two assessments, at one week-interval
Secondary outcomes (4)
Step Length
The sagittal distance between the markers put on the lateral malleolus of the posterior and anterior feet at the ground strike of the anterior foot. The side of step will be defined as the side of the posterior foot during double stance .
Measured: Two assessments, at one week-interval
Single Stance Time
For each lower limb, the time interval during which the limb determines vertical ground reactions equal to or exceeding 30 N.
Measured: Two assessments, at one week-interval
Double Stance Time
The time interval during which, under both lower limbs, vertical ground reactions equal or exceed 30 N. The side of the double stance time will be defined as the side of the posterior foot.
Measured: Two assessments, at one week-interval
Parameters of the center of mass motion
The changes in kinetic energy due to the forward (Ekf), lateral (Ekl) and vertical (Ekv) velocity; the changes of gravitational potential energy (Ep); the changes of the mechanical energy due to the vertical motion, Ev = Ekv+Ep; the changes of the total mechanical energy (Etot = Ekf+Ekl +Ev). The amount of recovery of mechanical energy, R, due to the passive exchange between Ekf, Ev and Ekl, will be calculated according to the equation R = (Wf + Wv + Wl - Wext)/(Wf + Wv + Wl) × 100, where Wf for Ekf, Wv for Ev, Wl for Ekl and Wtot for Etot represents the corresponding work values calculated as the sum of the positive increments of these energy values during one step.
Measured: Two assessments, at one week-interval
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Nov 2020
- Study start5 Feb 2020
- Primary completion31 Dec 2024
- Study completion31 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (15)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Multiple SclerosisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istituto Auxologico ItalianoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 15 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Luigi Tesio, Prof, Istituto Auxologico Italiano
- Investigators
- Luigi Tesio, MD, Full professor, Principal investigator, Istituto Auxologico Italiano
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04635436
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 24C902_2019
- Acronym
- ESPLICA
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 13 Nov 2020
- Last updated
- 4 Nov 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Publications
Betschart M, Lauziere S, Mieville C, McFadyen BJ, Nadeau S. Changes in lower limb muscle activity after walking on a split-belt treadmill in individuals post-stroke. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2017 Feb;32:93-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.12.007. Epub 2017 Jan 3.
PubMed 28086163Betschart M, McFadyen BJ, Nadeau S. Repeated split-belt treadmill walking improved gait ability in individuals with chronic stroke: A pilot study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2018 Feb;34(2):81-90. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1375055. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
PubMed 28901824Helm EE, Reisman DS. The Split-Belt Walking Paradigm: Exploring Motor Learning and Spatiotemporal Asymmetry Poststroke. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2015 Nov;26(4):703-13. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2015.06.010. Epub 2015 Sep 26.
PubMed 26522907Lauziere S, Mieville C, Betschart M, Duclos C, Aissaoui R, Nadeau S. Plantarflexion moment is a contributor to step length after-effect following walking on a split-belt treadmill in individuals with stroke and healthy individuals. J Rehabil Med. 2014 Oct;46(9):849-57. doi: 10.2340/16501977-1845.
PubMed 25074249Malone LA, Bastian AJ. Spatial and temporal asymmetries in gait predict split-belt adaptation behavior in stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2014 Mar-Apr;28(3):230-40. doi: 10.1177/1545968313505912. Epub 2013 Nov 15.
PubMed 24243917Malone LA, Bastian AJ, Torres-Oviedo G. How does the motor system correct for errors in time and space during locomotor adaptation? J Neurophysiol. 2012 Jul;108(2):672-83. doi: 10.1152/jn.00391.2011. Epub 2012 Apr 18.
PubMed 22514294Reisman DS, Bastian AJ, Morton SM. Neurophysiologic and rehabilitation insights from the split-belt and other locomotor adaptation paradigms. Phys Ther. 2010 Feb;90(2):187-95. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090073. Epub 2009 Dec 18.
PubMed 20023001Reisman DS, Block HJ, Bastian AJ. Interlimb coordination during locomotion: what can be adapted and stored? J Neurophysiol. 2005 Oct;94(4):2403-15. doi: 10.1152/jn.00089.2005. Epub 2005 Jun 15.
PubMed 15958603Reisman DS, McLean H, Keller J, Danks KA, Bastian AJ. Repeated split-belt treadmill training improves poststroke step length asymmetry. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013 Jun;27(5):460-8. doi: 10.1177/1545968312474118. Epub 2013 Feb 7.
PubMed 23392918Reisman DS, Wityk R, Silver K, Bastian AJ. Locomotor adaptation on a split-belt treadmill can improve walking symmetry post-stroke. Brain. 2007 Jul;130(Pt 7):1861-72. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm035. Epub 2007 Apr 2.
PubMed 17405765Reisman DS, Wityk R, Silver K, Bastian AJ. Split-belt treadmill adaptation transfers to overground walking in persons poststroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009 Sep;23(7):735-44. doi: 10.1177/1545968309332880. Epub 2009 Mar 23.
PubMed 19307434Selgrade BP, Thajchayapong M, Lee GE, Toney ME, Chang YH. Changes in mechanical work during neural adaptation to asymmetric locomotion. J Exp Biol. 2017 Aug 15;220(Pt 16):2993-3000. doi: 10.1242/jeb.149450. Epub 2017 Jun 8.
PubMed 28596214Selgrade BP, Toney ME, Chang YH. Two biomechanical strategies for locomotor adaptation to split-belt treadmill walking in subjects with and without transtibial amputation. J Biomech. 2017 Feb 28;53:136-143. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.01.012. Epub 2017 Jan 14.
PubMed 28126335Tesio L, Malloggi C, Malfitano C, Coccetta CA, Catino L, Rota V. Limping on split-belt treadmills implies opposite kinematic and dynamic lower limb asymmetries. Int J Rehabil Res. 2018 Dec;41(4):304-315. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000320.
PubMed 30303831Tesio L, Rota V. Gait analysis on split-belt force treadmills: validation of an instrument. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Jul;87(7):515-26. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31816f17e1.
PubMed 18388556
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Nov 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Efficacy of Split Gait in the Treatment of Dynamic Asymmetries in Subjects With Pathologic Claudication
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04635436
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ESPLICA / 24C902_2019
- Conditions
- Multiple Sclerosis, Poststroke/CVA Hemiparesis, Parkinson Disease, Amputation, Knee Impairment
- Keywords
- walking, split-belt treadmill, motor adaptation, after-effect, dynamic symmetry, rehabilitation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 15 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istituto Auxologico ItalianoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Feb 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Nov 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Walking on a split-belt treadmill (each of the two belts running at a different speed) imposes an asymmetrical gait, mimicking limping that has been observed in various pathologic conditions. This walking modality has been proposed as an experimental paradigm to investigate the flexibility of the neural control of gait and as a form of therapeutic exercise for hemi-paretic patients. However, the scarcity of dynamic investigations both for segmental aspects and for the entire body system, represented by the centre of mass, challenges the validity of the available findings on split gait.
Compared with overground gait in hemiplegia, split gait entails an opposite spatial and dynamic asymmetry. The faster leg mimics the paretic limb temporally, but the unimpaired limb from the spatial and dynamic point of view. These differences suggest that a partial shift in perspective may help to clarify the potential of the split gait as a rehabilitation tool.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the dynamic asymmetries of lower limbs in adults with unilateral motor impairments (e.g. hemiplegia post-stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, unilateral amputation, surgical orthopedic interventions) during adaptation to gait on a split-belt treadmill. The sagittal power provided by the ankle and the total mechanical energy of the centre of mass will be thoroughly studied. The time course of phenomena both during gait when the belts are running at different speed and when the belts are set back to the same speed (i.e. the after-effect) will be investigated.
A greater dynamic symmetry between the lower limbs is expected after split gait. The question whether this symmetry will occur when the pathological limb is on the faster or the lower belt will be disclosed. Some alterations of the motion of the centre of mass during split gait are also expected.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Pathologic group | Other | Other: Split-belt treadmill walking.At least 20 participants with various orthopaedic or neurologic conditions (for example, post-stroke hemiparesis, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, unilateral amputation, surgical orthopedic interventions) will be enrolled. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- age between 18 and 70 years old;
- ability to walk for at least 20 meters without support;
- ability to wittingly sign the informed consent form;
- ability to understand the instructions and to complete the motor task;
- visual acuity > 10/20 on the worse side, with optical correction;
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- systemic neurologic pathologies;
- orthopedic surgical interventions, other than those determining the inclusion criteria;
- symptomatic pathologies of rachis;
- other sensory or neurological pathologies with impact on balance and gait;
- pregnancy.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Split-belt treadmill walking.The intervention will consist of split-belt treadmill walking. During the test session, participants will walk on a split-belt treadmill mounted on force sensors with the belts running at the same or at different velocities. They will walk freely without any support. The test sequence will be the following: 1. Baseline phase. 3 minutes walking at increasing speed, speed will be increased of 0.1 m s-1 every 30 s. A brief pause of around 1 minute will follow. 2. Habituation phase. 30 seconds walking at 0.2 m s-1. 3. Adaptation phase. The velocity of the belt under the non-affected lower limb will be increased to 0.6 m s-1, while the other belt will maintain its velocity of 0.2 m s-1 for 6 minutes. 4. Post-adaptation phase. Belts' velocities will be restored at 0.2 m s-1 for 6 minutes. Participants will be informed before the changes in belts' velocities with a verbal warning. Participants will repeat the same protocol with the affected lower limb on the fast belt after one week. | Other | Pathologic group |
Primary outcome
Ankle Joint Power
Time frame: Two assessments, at one week-interval
Joint kinematics will be recorded through an optoelectronic method as per the Davis anthropometric model. The 3D displacement of the markers will be captured using 10 near-infrared stroboscopic cameras. Joint power will be computed through the spatiotemporal synchronization of ground reaction force vectors and the joint centers of rotation. Only the sagittal plane will be considered for the analysis. Joint power will be computed as the product of joint torque and joint rotation speed. Power will be defined as positive or generated when the joint moment and rotation speed shared the same directions (i. e., when agonist muscles are contracting while shortening), as negative or absorbed otherwise. Positive work will be computed as the integral of the generated (positive) power over time.
4 secondary outcomes
Step Length
Time frame: Two assessments, at one week-interval
Single Stance Time
Time frame: Two assessments, at one week-interval
Double Stance Time
Time frame: Two assessments, at one week-interval
Parameters of the center of mass motion
Time frame: Two assessments, at one week-interval
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Nov 2026.
- Background: PubMed 28086163Betschart M, Lauziere S, Mieville C, McFadyen BJ, Nadeau S. Changes in lower limb muscle activity after walking on a split-belt treadmill in individuals post-stroke. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2017 Feb;32:93-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.12.007. Epub 2017 Jan 3.
- Background: PubMed 28901824Betschart M, McFadyen BJ, Nadeau S. Repeated split-belt treadmill walking improved gait ability in individuals with chronic stroke: A pilot study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2018 Feb;34(2):81-90. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1375055. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
- Background: PubMed 26522907Helm EE, Reisman DS. The Split-Belt Walking Paradigm: Exploring Motor Learning and Spatiotemporal Asymmetry Poststroke. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2015 Nov;26(4):703-13. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2015.06.010. Epub 2015 Sep 26.
- Background: PubMed 25074249Lauziere S, Mieville C, Betschart M, Duclos C, Aissaoui R, Nadeau S. Plantarflexion moment is a contributor to step length after-effect following walking on a split-belt treadmill in individuals with stroke and healthy individuals. J Rehabil Med. 2014 Oct;46(9):849-57. doi: 10.2340/16501977-1845.
- Background: PubMed 24243917Malone LA, Bastian AJ. Spatial and temporal asymmetries in gait predict split-belt adaptation behavior in stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2014 Mar-Apr;28(3):230-40. doi: 10.1177/1545968313505912. Epub 2013 Nov 15.
- Background: PubMed 22514294Malone LA, Bastian AJ, Torres-Oviedo G. How does the motor system correct for errors in time and space during locomotor adaptation? J Neurophysiol. 2012 Jul;108(2):672-83. doi: 10.1152/jn.00391.2011. Epub 2012 Apr 18.
- Background: PubMed 20023001Reisman DS, Bastian AJ, Morton SM. Neurophysiologic and rehabilitation insights from the split-belt and other locomotor adaptation paradigms. Phys Ther. 2010 Feb;90(2):187-95. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090073. Epub 2009 Dec 18.
- Background: PubMed 15958603Reisman DS, Block HJ, Bastian AJ. Interlimb coordination during locomotion: what can be adapted and stored? J Neurophysiol. 2005 Oct;94(4):2403-15. doi: 10.1152/jn.00089.2005. Epub 2005 Jun 15.
- Background: PubMed 23392918Reisman DS, McLean H, Keller J, Danks KA, Bastian AJ. Repeated split-belt treadmill training improves poststroke step length asymmetry. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013 Jun;27(5):460-8. doi: 10.1177/1545968312474118. Epub 2013 Feb 7.
- Background: PubMed 17405765Reisman DS, Wityk R, Silver K, Bastian AJ. Locomotor adaptation on a split-belt treadmill can improve walking symmetry post-stroke. Brain. 2007 Jul;130(Pt 7):1861-72. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm035. Epub 2007 Apr 2.
- Background: PubMed 19307434Reisman DS, Wityk R, Silver K, Bastian AJ. Split-belt treadmill adaptation transfers to overground walking in persons poststroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009 Sep;23(7):735-44. doi: 10.1177/1545968309332880. Epub 2009 Mar 23.
- Background: PubMed 28596214Selgrade BP, Thajchayapong M, Lee GE, Toney ME, Chang YH. Changes in mechanical work during neural adaptation to asymmetric locomotion. J Exp Biol. 2017 Aug 15;220(Pt 16):2993-3000. doi: 10.1242/jeb.149450. Epub 2017 Jun 8.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Luigi Tesio, MD, Full professor principal investigator
Istituto Auxologico Italiano
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Split-belt treadmill walking. in people with Multiple Sclerosis and Poststroke/CVA Hemiparesis, run by Istituto Auxologico Italiano at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Ankle Joint Power (time frame: Two assessments, at one week-interval). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04635436, which also lists 15 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Nov 2026.