Childhood Apraxia of SpeechNCT04642053
A Randomized Control Trial of Motor-based Intervention for CAS
A study testing Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cuing in people with Childhood Apraxia of Speech, run by New York University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a complex, multivariate speech motor disorder characterized by difficulty planning and programming movements of the speech articulators (ASHA, 2007; Ayres, 1985; Campbell et al., 2007; Davis et al., 1998; Forrest, 2003; Shriberg et al., 1997). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 29 to 95 months
- Conditions the study is for
- Childhood Apraxia of Speech
- What is being tested?
- Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cuing
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 72 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 14 Sep 2021to 31 Mar 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 29 to 95 months
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Diagnostic classification for CAS will be determined according to the presence of the three core features identified in the ASHA position statement on CAS: 1) inconsistent consonant and vowel errors over productions of repeated trials; 2) difficulties forming accurate movement between sounds and syllables; and 3) prosodic errors (ASHA, 2007). These three characteristics must be present in more than one speaking context (i.e. single words, connected speech, sequencing tasks). In addition to the three core features, children with CAS must demonstrate at least four of the following characteristics: vowel errors, timing errors, phoneme distortions, articulatory groping, impaired volitional oral movement, reduced phonetic inventory and poorer expressive than receptive language skills, which is consistent with the Strand 10-point checklist (Shriberg et al., 2012). We will identify the presence of these factors from the Dynamic Evaluation of Motor Speech Skills (DEMSS, Strand et al., 2013), Verbal Motor Production Assessment for Children (VMPAC, Hayden \& Square, 1999), Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA-3, Goldman \& Fristoe, 2016), and a connected speech sample. We have used these stringent criteria for diagnosing CAS in our past research (Please see the Diagnostic Framework and Criteria for CAS in Grigos and Case (2017)). The diagnosis will be made independently by two speech language pathologists (one being the PI) with expertise in assessing and treating children with CAS.
- Age between 2.5 and 7.11 years of age.
- Normal structure of the oral-peripheral mechanism.
- Participants must pass a hearing screening conducted at 20 dB SPL at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz.
- No prior DTTC treatment.
Who cannot join
- Positive history of neurological disorder (e.g. cerebral palsy), developmental disorder (e.g. autism spectrum disorder) or genetic disorder (e.g. Down syndrome).
- Characteristics of dysarthria, even if the child meets criteria for CAS.
- Fluency disorder, even if the child meets criteria for CAS.
- Conductive or sensorineural hearing loss, even if the child meets criteria for CAS.
- History of DTTC treatment.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
New York University, Department of Communicative Sciences & Disordesr
New York, New York, 10012
About this study
Official title: A Randomized Control Trial of Motor-based Intervention for Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a complex, multivariate speech motor disorder characterized by difficulty planning and programming movements of the speech articulators (ASHA, 2007; Ayres, 1985; Campbell et al., 2007; Davis et al., 1998; Forrest, 2003; Shriberg et al., 1997). Despite the profound impact that CAS can have on a child's ability to communicate, little data are available to direct treatment in this challenging population. Historically, children with CAS have been treated with articulation and phonologically based approaches with limited effectiveness in improving speech, as shown by very slow treatment progress and poor generalization of skills to new contexts. With the emerging data regarding speech motor deficits in CAS, there is a critical need to test treatments that directly refine speech movements using methods that quantify speech motor control.
This research is a Randomized Control Trial designed to examine the outcomes of a non-traditional, motor-based approach, Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cuing (DTTC), to improve speech production in children with CAS. The overall objectives of this research are (i) to test the efficacy of DTTC in young children with CAS (N=72) by examining the impact of DTTC on treated words, generalization to untreated words and post-treatment maintenance, and (ii) to examine how individual patterns of speech motor variability impact response to DTTC.
Read the detailed description
Seventy-two children with CAS, between the ages of 2.5 and 7.11 years of age will be treated with DTTC. This work will employ a delayed treatment control group design across multiple behaviors. Participants will be seen in two groups: an Immediate Treatment group and a Delayed Treatment group. Probe data will be collected during the Pre-Treatment (5 data points), Treatment (12 data points) and Maintenance (minimum 5 data points) phases. The study duration is 28 weeks in total duration for all participants. The study will address the following specific aims:
Aim 1: Quantify the effects of DTTC on improved speech production (perceptual ratings) in treated words that are maintained post-treatment and generalized to untreated words in children with CAS. The working hypothesis is that DTTC will increase accuracy of treated words (primary outcome measure) and this effect will be maintained post-treatment and generalized to untreated words. We also predict that DTTC will increase speech intelligibility pre to post-treatment (secondary outcome measure).
Aim 2: Quantify the effects of DTTC on refined speech motor control (kinematic/acoustic measures) in treated words that are maintained post-treatment and generalized to untreated words in children with CAS. The working hypothesis is that DTTC will be associated with decreases in speech motor variability and duration of treated words (secondary outcome measures) that are maintained pre- to post-treatment and generalized to untreated words.
Aim 3: Characterize the effects of speech motor variability (within-subject) at baseline as a predictor of DTTC efficacy in children with CAS. The working hypothesis is that children with CAS who demonstrate higher levels of speech motor variability at baseline will display greater improvements in speech production accuracy following DTTC than children with lower levels of variability at baseline.
Treatment will be provided four times/week for 45-minute sessions. Principles of motor learning will be incorporated into sessions by controlling the type of practice (blocked vs. randomized), type of feedback (knowledge of results vs. knowledge of performance) and amount of feedback provided.
- Conditions
- Childhood Apraxia of Speech
- Being tested
- Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cuing
- Keywords
- Pediatric motor speech disorder, Speech motor control
- Medical subject headings
- Apraxias
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Dynamic Temporal and Tactile CuingBehavioural
Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cuing is based on principles of integral stimulation where the client watches, listens to and imitates the clinician (Strand, 2020). Treatment will begin by training the child to imitate and simultaneously produce syllables/words with the clinician. Sessions will focus on establishing accurate movement transitions in treated words. The child will be asked to imitate the clinician's production of the target. If the child's imitation is inaccurate, they will be instructed to simultaneously produce the target with the clinician. Simultaneous productions will continue to provide practice opportunity with maximal cuing. As the child gains greater accuracy, simultaneous productions will be faded and direct imitation will be attempted again. Over the course of treatment, the movement gesture will be shaped with the goal being accurate production with normal rate and naturalness.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Immediate Treatment | Experimental | Participants in the Immediate Treatment Group will receive DTTC Treatment four times per week (45-minute sessions each) for 8 weeks. Total duration will be 180 minutes/week over 32 sessions. Treatment will begin between 1-3 weeks following the diagnostic evaluation. Receives: Behavioral: Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cuing |
| Delayed Treatment | Experimental | The Delayed Treatment Group serves as a control during the period in which participants are waiting to begin treatment. A delayed treatment onset is employed to control for maturation effects. Participants in the Delayed Treatment Group will receive DTTC Treatment four times per week (45-minute sessions each) for 8 weeks. Total duration will be 180 minutes/week over 32 sessions. Treatment will begin after an 8-week delay following the diagnostic evaluation. Receives: Behavioral: Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cuing |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Changes in word accuracy
Word accuracy will be quantified for treated and untreated words using a composite score that reflects accuracy of segmental and suprasegmental components of words.
Measured: Through the treatment phase (32 treatment sessions over 8 weeks)
Secondary outcomes (3)
Changes in the percentage of words correctly identified by a listener
Standard procedures (Hustad et al., 2007; 2016) will be used to measure speech intelligibility by computing the percentage of intelligible words (treated and untreated). Five naïve adult listeners will orthographically transcribe randomized word productions from each child.
Measured: Pre to post-treatment (8-weeks from treatment onset)
Changes in the speech motor variability of segments and words
Variability will be measured using acoustic and kinematic methods. Acoustic measures will include coefficient of variation of word and segment duration. Kinematic measures will include lip and jaw movement variability associated with whole word productions (i.e. spatiotemporal index (STI, Smith et al.1995) and coefficient of variation of single movements (i.e. movement from oral closing into oral opening; movement from oral opening into oral closing).
Measured: Pre to post-treatment (8-weeks from treatment onset)
Changes in the duration of segments and words
Word and segment duration will be measured using acoustic and kinematic methods. Acoustic measures will include word and segment duration. Kinematic measures will include word and single movement duration (e.g. oral opening into vowel).
Measured: Pre to post-treatment (8-weeks from treatment onset)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Nov 2020
- Study start14 Sep 2021
- Primary completion31 Aug 2026
- Study completion31 Mar 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (15)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Childhood Apraxia of SpeechStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This work will employ a delayed treatment control group design across multiple behaviors. Participants will be seen in two groups: an Immediate Treatment group and a Delayed Treatment group.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 72 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- New York University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Maria I Grigos, PhD, Principal investigator, New York University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04642053
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- R01DC018581-01
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 12 Nov 2020
- Last updated
- 26 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Individual participant data tied to the primary and secondary outcome measures will be shared after deidentification.
Publications
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (2007). Childhood apraxia of speech: Technical Report. Available online: https://www.asha.org/policy/tr2007-00278/
Ayres, A. J. (1985). Developmental dyspraxia and adult-onset apraxia: By A. Jean Ayres. Sensory integration international.
Campbell TF, Dollaghan CA, Rockette HE, Paradise JL, Feldman HM, Shriberg LD, Sabo DL, Kurs-Lasky M. Risk factors for speech delay of unknown origin in 3-year-old children. Child Dev. 2003 Mar-Apr;74(2):346-57. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.7402002.
PubMed 12705559Davis, B. L., Jakielski, K. J., & Marquardt, T. P. (1998). Developmental apraxia of speech: Determiners of differential diagnosis. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 12(1), 25-45.
Forrest K. Diagnostic criteria of developmental apraxia of speech used by clinical speech-language pathologists. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2003 Aug;12(3):376-80. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/083).
PubMed 12971826Goldman, R. & Fristoe, M. (2016). Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation - 3. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service
Grigos MI, Case J. Changes in movement transitions across a practice period in childhood apraxia of speech. Clin Linguist Phon. 2018;32(7):661-687. doi: 10.1080/02699206.2017.1419378. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
PubMed 29281317Hayden, D. A., & Square, P. A. (1999). VMPAC: Verbal Motor Production Assessment for Children. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Association.
Hustad KC, Allison KM, Sakash A, McFadd E, Broman AT, Rathouz PJ. Longitudinal development of communication in children with cerebral palsy between 24 and 53 months: Predicting speech outcomes. Dev Neurorehabil. 2017 Aug;20(6):323-330. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2016.1239135. Epub 2016 Oct 28.
PubMed 27792399Hustad, K. C. and Weismer,G. (2007). A continuum of interventions for individuals with dysarthria: Compensatory and Rehabilitative Approaches, in Motor Speech Disorders, Weismer, (Ed.) San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing, 261-303.
Shriberg LD, Aram DM, Kwiatkowski J. Developmental apraxia of speech: III. A subtype marked by inappropriate stress. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1997 Apr;40(2):313-37. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4002.313.
PubMed 9130201Shriberg LD, Lohmeier HL, Strand EA, Jakielski KJ. Encoding, memory, and transcoding deficits in Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Clin Linguist Phon. 2012 May;26(5):445-82. doi: 10.3109/02699206.2012.655841.
PubMed 22489736Smith A, Goffman L, Zelaznik HN, Ying G, McGillem C. Spatiotemporal stability and patterning of speech movement sequences. Exp Brain Res. 1995;104(3):493-501. doi: 10.1007/BF00231983.
PubMed 7589300Strand EA. Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing: A Treatment Strategy for Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2020 Feb 7;29(1):30-48. doi: 10.1044/2019_AJSLP-19-0005. Epub 2019 Dec 17.
PubMed 31846588Strand EA, McCauley RJ, Weigand SD, Stoeckel RE, Baas BS. A motor speech assessment for children with severe speech disorders: reliability and validity evidence. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2013 Apr;56(2):505-20. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0094). Epub 2012 Dec 28.
PubMed 23275421
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized Control Trial of Motor-based Intervention for Childhood Apraxia of Speech
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04642053
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- R01DC018581-01
- Conditions
- Childhood Apraxia of Speech
- Keywords
- Pediatric motor speech disorder, Speech motor control
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 72 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- New York UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 14 Sep 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Mar 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 24 Nov 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a complex, multivariate speech motor disorder characterized by difficulty planning and programming movements of the speech articulators (ASHA, 2007; Ayres, 1985; Campbell et al., 2007; Davis et al., 1998; Forrest, 2003; Shriberg et al., 1997). Despite the profound impact that CAS can have on a child's ability to communicate, little data are available to direct treatment in this challenging population. Historically, children with CAS have been treated with articulation and phonologically based approaches with limited effectiveness in improving speech, as shown by very slow treatment progress and poor generalization of skills to new contexts. With the emerging data regarding speech motor deficits in CAS, there is a critical need to test treatments that directly refine speech movements using methods that quantify speech motor control.
This research is a Randomized Control Trial designed to examine the outcomes of a non-traditional, motor-based approach, Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cuing (DTTC), to improve speech production in children with CAS. The overall objectives of this research are (i) to test the efficacy of DTTC in young children with CAS (N=72) by examining the impact of DTTC on treated words, generalization to untreated words and post-treatment maintenance, and (ii) to examine how individual patterns of speech motor variability impact response to DTTC.
Detailed description
Seventy-two children with CAS, between the ages of 2.5 and 7.11 years of age will be treated with DTTC. This work will employ a delayed treatment control group design across multiple behaviors. Participants will be seen in two groups: an Immediate Treatment group and a Delayed Treatment group. Probe data will be collected during the Pre-Treatment (5 data points), Treatment (12 data points) and Maintenance (minimum 5 data points) phases. The study duration is 28 weeks in total duration for all participants. The study will address the following specific aims:
Aim 1: Quantify the effects of DTTC on improved speech production (perceptual ratings) in treated words that are maintained post-treatment and generalized to untreated words in children with CAS. The working hypothesis is that DTTC will increase accuracy of treated words (primary outcome measure) and this effect will be maintained post-treatment and generalized to untreated words. We also predict that DTTC will increase speech intelligibility pre to post-treatment (secondary outcome measure).
Aim 2: Quantify the effects of DTTC on refined speech motor control (kinematic/acoustic measures) in treated words that are maintained post-treatment and generalized to untreated words in children with CAS. The working hypothesis is that DTTC will be associated with decreases in speech motor variability and duration of treated words (secondary outcome measures) that are maintained pre- to post-treatment and generalized to untreated words.
Aim 3: Characterize the effects of speech motor variability (within-subject) at baseline as a predictor of DTTC efficacy in children with CAS. The working hypothesis is that children with CAS who demonstrate higher levels of speech motor variability at baseline will display greater improvements in speech production accuracy following DTTC than children with lower levels of variability at baseline.
Treatment will be provided four times/week for 45-minute sessions. Principles of motor learning will be incorporated into sessions by controlling the type of practice (blocked vs. randomized), type of feedback (knowledge of results vs. knowledge of performance) and amount of feedback provided.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This work will employ a delayed treatment control group design across multiple behaviors. Participants will be seen in two groups: an Immediate Treatment group and a Delayed Treatment group.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Immediate Treatment | Experimental | Behavioral: Dynamic Temporal and Tactile CuingParticipants in the Immediate Treatment Group will receive DTTC Treatment four times per week (45-minute sessions each) for 8 weeks. Total duration will be 180 minutes/week over 32 sessions. Treatment will begin between 1-3 weeks following the diagnostic evaluation. |
| Delayed Treatment | Experimental | Behavioral: Dynamic Temporal and Tactile CuingThe Delayed Treatment Group serves as a control during the period in which participants are waiting to begin treatment. A delayed treatment onset is employed to control for maturation effects. Participants in the Delayed Treatment Group will receive DTTC Treatment four times per week (45-minute sessions each) for 8 weeks. Total duration will be 180 minutes/week over 32 sessions. Treatment will begin after an 8-week delay following the diagnostic evaluation. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 29 to 95 months
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Diagnostic classification for CAS will be determined according to the presence of the three core features identified in the ASHA position statement on CAS: 1) inconsistent consonant and vowel errors over productions of repeated trials; 2) difficulties forming accurate movement between sounds and syllables; and 3) prosodic errors (ASHA, 2007). These three characteristics must be present in more than one speaking context (i.e. single words, connected speech, sequencing tasks). In addition to the three core features, children with CAS must demonstrate at least four of the following characteristics: vowel errors, timing errors, phoneme distortions, articulatory groping, impaired volitional oral movement, reduced phonetic inventory and poorer expressive than receptive language skills, which is consistent with the Strand 10-point checklist (Shriberg et al., 2012). We will identify the presence of these factors from the Dynamic Evaluation of Motor Speech Skills (DEMSS, Strand et al., 2013), Verbal Motor Production Assessment for Children (VMPAC, Hayden \& Square, 1999), Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA-3, Goldman \& Fristoe, 2016), and a connected speech sample. We have used these stringent criteria for diagnosing CAS in our past research (Please see the Diagnostic Framework and Criteria for CAS in Grigos and Case (2017)). The diagnosis will be made independently by two speech language pathologists (one being the PI) with expertise in assessing and treating children with CAS.
- Age between 2.5 and 7.11 years of age.
- Normal structure of the oral-peripheral mechanism.
- Participants must pass a hearing screening conducted at 20 dB SPL at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz.
- No prior DTTC treatment.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Positive history of neurological disorder (e.g. cerebral palsy), developmental disorder (e.g. autism spectrum disorder) or genetic disorder (e.g. Down syndrome).
- Characteristics of dysarthria, even if the child meets criteria for CAS.
- Fluency disorder, even if the child meets criteria for CAS.
- Conductive or sensorineural hearing loss, even if the child meets criteria for CAS.
- History of DTTC treatment.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamic Temporal and Tactile CuingDynamic Temporal and Tactile Cuing is based on principles of integral stimulation where the client watches, listens to and imitates the clinician (Strand, 2020). Treatment will begin by training the child to imitate and simultaneously produce syllables/words with the clinician. Sessions will focus on establishing accurate movement transitions in treated words. The child will be asked to imitate the clinician's production of the target. If the child's imitation is inaccurate, they will be instructed to simultaneously produce the target with the clinician. Simultaneous productions will continue to provide practice opportunity with maximal cuing. As the child gains greater accuracy, simultaneous productions will be faded and direct imitation will be attempted again. Over the course of treatment, the movement gesture will be shaped with the goal being accurate production with normal rate and naturalness. | Behavioural | Delayed Treatment, Immediate Treatment |
Primary outcome
Changes in word accuracy
Time frame: Through the treatment phase (32 treatment sessions over 8 weeks)
Word accuracy will be quantified for treated and untreated words using a composite score that reflects accuracy of segmental and suprasegmental components of words.
3 secondary outcomes
Changes in the percentage of words correctly identified by a listener
Time frame: Pre to post-treatment (8-weeks from treatment onset)
Changes in the speech motor variability of segments and words
Time frame: Pre to post-treatment (8-weeks from treatment onset)
Changes in the duration of segments and words
Time frame: Pre to post-treatment (8-weeks from treatment onset)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Oct 2026.
- BackgroundAmerican Speech-Language-Hearing Association (2007). Childhood apraxia of speech: Technical Report. Available online: https://www.asha.org/policy/tr2007-00278/
- BackgroundAyres, A. J. (1985). Developmental dyspraxia and adult-onset apraxia: By A. Jean Ayres. Sensory integration international.
- Background: PubMed 12705559Campbell TF, Dollaghan CA, Rockette HE, Paradise JL, Feldman HM, Shriberg LD, Sabo DL, Kurs-Lasky M. Risk factors for speech delay of unknown origin in 3-year-old children. Child Dev. 2003 Mar-Apr;74(2):346-57. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.7402002.
- BackgroundDavis, B. L., Jakielski, K. J., & Marquardt, T. P. (1998). Developmental apraxia of speech: Determiners of differential diagnosis. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 12(1), 25-45.
- Background: PubMed 12971826Forrest K. Diagnostic criteria of developmental apraxia of speech used by clinical speech-language pathologists. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2003 Aug;12(3):376-80. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/083).
- BackgroundGoldman, R. & Fristoe, M. (2016). Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation - 3. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service
- Background: PubMed 29281317Grigos MI, Case J. Changes in movement transitions across a practice period in childhood apraxia of speech. Clin Linguist Phon. 2018;32(7):661-687. doi: 10.1080/02699206.2017.1419378. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
- BackgroundHayden, D. A., & Square, P. A. (1999). VMPAC: Verbal Motor Production Assessment for Children. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Association.
- Background: PubMed 27792399Hustad KC, Allison KM, Sakash A, McFadd E, Broman AT, Rathouz PJ. Longitudinal development of communication in children with cerebral palsy between 24 and 53 months: Predicting speech outcomes. Dev Neurorehabil. 2017 Aug;20(6):323-330. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2016.1239135. Epub 2016 Oct 28.
- BackgroundHustad, K. C. and Weismer,G. (2007). A continuum of interventions for individuals with dysarthria: Compensatory and Rehabilitative Approaches, in Motor Speech Disorders, Weismer, (Ed.) San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing, 261-303.
- Background: PubMed 9130201Shriberg LD, Aram DM, Kwiatkowski J. Developmental apraxia of speech: III. A subtype marked by inappropriate stress. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1997 Apr;40(2):313-37. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4002.313.
- Background: PubMed 22489736Shriberg LD, Lohmeier HL, Strand EA, Jakielski KJ. Encoding, memory, and transcoding deficits in Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Clin Linguist Phon. 2012 May;26(5):445-82. doi: 10.3109/02699206.2012.655841.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Individual participant data tied to the primary and secondary outcome measures will be shared after deidentification.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Maria I Grigos, PhD principal investigator
New York University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cuing in people with Childhood Apraxia of Speech, run by New York University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Changes in word accuracy (time frame: Through the treatment phase (32 treatment sessions over 8 weeks)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04642053, which also lists 15 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Oct 2026.