Motor LearningIMAP-TMSNCT04784832
TMS-based Assessment of Mental Training Effects on Motor Learning in Healthy Participants
A study testing Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Transcranial direct current stimulation in people with Motor Learning, run by Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France at 1 site in France.
Trial summary
The general purpose of this research project is to analyze the specific role of motor imagery on motor learning, assessed through corticospinal excitability measurements and behavioral data collection. This project is based on four sequences. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 60 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Motor Learning
- What is being tested?
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Transcranial direct current stimulation
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 556 participants
- Where
- 1 siteFrance
- Study dates
- 8 Apr 2024to Apr 2029
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 60 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male or female between 18 and 60 years old
- Having given written informed consent
- Affiliated to a social security scheme
Who cannot join
- History of psychiatric illness (declarative)
- Person under guardianship, curatorship, safeguard of justice
- Neurological problem that could bias the results of the study (declarative)
- Personal or family history of epilepsy
- Person deprived of liberty by judicial or administrative decision
- Person hospitalized without consent and not subject to legal protection, and person admitted to a health or social institution for purposes other than that of the research
Show all 15Show fewer
- Person subject to an exclusion period for another research
- Pregnant women or women of childbearing age not using known contraception
- Breastfeeding women
- Person on medication that could influence neurophysiological measures (neuroleptics, anxiolytics, antidepressants)
- Person carrying :
- pacemaker or other device that could interfere with the magnetic field
- Implants (mechanical or electronic: cochlear implants, neural or cardiac pacemakers, infusion pumps, magnetic aneurysm clips, etc.)
- Metallic foreign bodies in the eye or nervous system
- Metallic objects (tattoos, piercings, etc.)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
France1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
INSERM - U1093 Cognition, Action, and Sensorimotor Plasticity
Dijon
Florent Lebon, PhD, +33 3 80 39 67 49, Florent.Lebon@u-bourgogne.fr
About this study
Official title: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-based Assessment of Mental Training Effects on Motor Learning in Healthy Participants
The general purpose of this research project is to analyze the specific role of motor imagery on motor learning, assessed through corticospinal excitability measurements and behavioral data collection. This project is based on four sequences. For Sequence 1, the main objective is to examine the effect of mental training on movement speed and accuracy in a manual motor sequence task, as well as the influence of sensory feedback in immediate post-test (i.e., execution of a similar, but not identical, manual motor sequence, other manual tasks) on performance in delayed post-test. The secondary objective will be to examine corticospinal changes (i.e., amplitude of motor evoked potentials) induced by mental training, by measuring the amplitude of motor evoked potentials before and after mental training. For Sequence 2, the main objective is to examine the impact of a motor disturbance induced by a robotic arm at different intervals during the motor imagery process. The secondary objective will be to examine the corticospinal changes (i.e. amplitude of evoked motor potentials) induced by mental training as a function of the applied perturbations, before and after perturbation. For Sequence 3, the main objective will be to examine the influence of neuroplasticity on the quality of mental training. More specifically, the investigators will study the links between brain plasticity and motor learning through mental training. The secondary objective will be to examine the corticospinal changes (i.e. amplitude of evoked motor potentials) induced by mental training at different levels of the neuromuscular system (cortical, cervicomedullar, peripheral) after a training period. For Sequence 4, the main objective will be to examine the effect of short-term arm-immobilization of on the retention of motor learning induced by mental training. The secondary objective will be to examine the corticospinal changes (i.e., amplitude of motor evoked potentials) induced by of short-term arm-immobilization, or by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), on motor learning. The results of this fundamental research project will allow a better understanding of neurophysiological and behavioral mechanisms that underlie motor learning through motor imagery. The results will allow to efficiently consider inter-individual specificities and will thus open up to clinical research perspectives, towards the establishment of adapted motor rehabilitation protocols.
- Conditions
- Motor Learning
- Being tested
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Peripheral Nerve Stimulation, Transcranial direct current stimulation, Paired Associative Stimulation, Wrist
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Transcranial magnetic stimulationDevice
Also called TMS
Magnetic stimulation of the cortex
Peripheral Nerve StimulationDevice
Electric stimulation of the nerves
Transcranial direct current stimulationDevice
Also called tDCS
Electric stimulation of the cortex
Paired Associative StimulationDevice
Also called PAS
Combined magnetic and electric stimulation of cortex and nerve, respectively
WristDevice
Short-term immobilization of the arm
Robotic armDevice
External perturbation of force field induced by robotic arm
Cervicomedullar stimulationDevice
Electric stimulation of the muscle
Physical trainingOther
Training to perform the task by actually doing the task
Mental trainingOther
Training to perform the task by imaging doing the task
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Sequence 1 - Training with same task - Long follow-up | Experimental | Motor task (Pretest and Posttests on the same task) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 1 - Training with same task - Short follow-up | Experimental | Motor task (Pretest and Posttests on the same task) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 1 - Training with different tasks - Long follow-up | Experimental | Motor task (different task in immediate post test) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 1 - Training with different tasks - Short follow-up | Experimental | Motor task (different task in immediate post test) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 1 - Training with muscle contractions - Long follow-up | Experimental | Motor task (isometric muscle contractions in immediate post test) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 1 - Training with muscle contractions - Short follow-up | Experimental | Motor task (isometric muscle contractions in immediate post test) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 1 - Control | Active comparator | Motor task (Pretest and Posttests on the same task) Transcranial magnetic stimulation No mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation during preparation - Long follow-up | Active comparator | Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Physical training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Robotic arm; Other: Physical training |
| Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation during preparation - Short follow-up | Active comparator | Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Physical training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Robotic arm; Other: Physical training |
| Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation after preparation - Long follow-up | Active comparator | Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Physical training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Robotic arm; Other: Physical training |
| Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation after preparation - Short follow-up | Active comparator | Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Physical training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Robotic arm; Other: Physical training |
| Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation during preparation - Long follow-up | Experimental | Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Robotic arm; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation during preparation - Short follow-up | Experimental | Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Robotic arm; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation after preparation - Long follow-up | Experimental | Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Robotic arm; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation after preparation - Short follow-up | Experimental | Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Robotic arm; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Long follow-up | Experimental | Paired Associative Stimulation Mental training (same as the motor task) Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation; Device: Paired Associative Stimulation; Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Short follow-up | Experimental | Paired Associative Stimulation Mental training (same as the motor task) Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation; Device: Paired Associative Stimulation; Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Long follow-up | Experimental | Paired Associative Stimulation Mental training (different of the motor task) Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation; Device: Paired Associative Stimulation; Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Short follow-up | Experimental | Paired Associative Stimulation Mental training (different of the motor task) Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation; Device: Paired Associative Stimulation; Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 3 - Control 1 | Active comparator | Mental Training Motor task (same as the motor task) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation; Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 3 - Control 2 | Active comparator | Paired Associative Stimulation Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation; Device: Paired Associative Stimulation; Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation |
| Sequence 4 - Immobilization - Short follow-up | Experimental | Transcranial magnetic stimulation Arm immobilization Motor task Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Wrist; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 4 - Immobilization - Long follow-up | Experimental | Transcranial magnetic stimulation Arm immobilization Motor task Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Wrist; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 4 - Cathodal - Short follow-up | Experimental | Transcranial magnetic stimulation Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation Motor task Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 4 - Cathodal - Long follow-up | Experimental | Transcranial magnetic stimulation Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation Motor task Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 4 - Anodal - Short follow-up | Experimental | Transcranial magnetic stimulation Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation Motor task Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 4 - Anodal - Long follow-up | Experimental | Transcranial magnetic stimulation Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation Motor task Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation; Other: Mental training |
| Sequence 4 - Control | Sham comparator | Transcranial magnetic stimulation Motor task Mental training Receives: Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Other: Mental training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Evolution of movement speed - Sequence 1
The duration of performed movement sequences
Measured: Each day in Sequence 1 (Sequence 1 is 11 days)
Evolution of movement accuracy - Sequence 1
The accuracy of performed movement sequences (i.e., the correspondence between the performed finger motor sequences and the requested finger motor sequence).
Measured: Each day in Sequence 1 (Sequence 1 is 11 days)
Evolution of trajectory error - Sequence 2
The area under the curve of hand's trajectory according to the straight line joining the starting target and the final target.
Measured: Each day in Sequence 2 (Sequence 1 is 10 days)
Evolution of maximal deviation - Sequence 2
The maximal perpendicular distance between the position of the hand and the straight line joining the starting target and the final target
Measured: Each day in Sequence 2 (Sequence 1 is 10 days)
Evolution of final error - Sequence 2
The distance between the final position of the hand and the position of the final target.
Measured: Each day in Sequence 2 (Sequence 1 is 10 days)
Evolution of movement speed - Sequence 3
The duration of performed movement sequences
Measured: Each day from day 2 to day 11 of Sequence 3 (Sequence 3 is 11 days)
Evolution of movement accuracy - Sequence 3
The accuracy of performed movement sequences (i.e., the correspondence between the performed finger motor sequences and the requested finger motor sequence).
Measured: Each day from day 2 to day 11 of Sequence 3 (Sequence 3 is 11 days)
Evolution of movement speed - Sequence 4
The duration of performed movement sequences
Measured: Each day in Sequence 4 (Sequence 4 is 6 days)
Evolution of movement accuracy - Sequence 4
The accuracy of performed movement sequences (i.e., the correspondence between the performed finger motor sequences and the requested finger motor sequence).
Measured: Each day in Sequence 4 (Sequence 4 is 6 days)
Secondary outcomes (4)
Evolution of motor evoked potentials amplitude - Sequence 1
Peak-to-peak amplitude of motor evoked potentials
Measured: Day 1, 5, 6, 10 and 11 in Sequence 1 (Sequence 1 is 11 days).
Evolution of motor evoked potentials amplitude - Sequence 2
Peak-to-peak amplitude of motor evoked potentials
Measured: Each day in Sequence 2 (Sequence 2 is 10 days)
Evolution of motor evoked potentials amplitude - Sequence 3
Peak-to-peak amplitude of motor evoked potentials
Measured: Day 1, 5, 6, 10 and 11 in Sequence 3 (Sequence 1 is 11 days)
Evolution of motor evoked potentials amplitude - Sequence 4
Peak-to-peak amplitude of motor evoked potentials
Measured: Days 1, 5, and 6 in Sequence 4 (Sequence 4 is 6 days)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Mar 2021
- Study start8 Apr 2024
- Primary completionApr 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionApr 2029 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (35)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Motor LearningStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, FranceThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 556 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Florent Lebon, PhD, Principal investigator, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04784832
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- C19-19
- Other IDs
- 2020-A00305-34 / 1
- Acronym
- IMAP-TMS
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Dec 2020
- Last updated
- 20 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Abraham WC. Metaplasticity: tuning synapses and networks for plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 May;9(5):387. doi: 10.1038/nrn2356.
PubMed 18401345Anwar MN, Khan SH. Trial-by-trial adaptation of movements during mental practice under force field. Comput Math Methods Med. 2013;2013:109497. doi: 10.1155/2013/109497. Epub 2013 May 7.
PubMed 23737857Allami N, Paulignan Y, Brovelli A, Boussaoud D. Visuo-motor learning with combination of different rates of motor imagery and physical practice. Exp Brain Res. 2008 Jan;184(1):105-13. doi: 10.1007/s00221-007-1086-x. Epub 2007 Sep 12.
PubMed 17849109Arora S, Aggarwal R, Sevdalis N, Moran A, Sirimanna P, Kneebone R, Darzi A. Development and validation of mental practice as a training strategy for laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc. 2010 Jan;24(1):179-87. doi: 10.1007/s00464-009-0624-y. Epub 2009 Jul 25.
PubMed 19633892Avanzino L, Giannini A, Tacchino A, Pelosin E, Ruggeri P, Bove M. Motor imagery influences the execution of repetitive finger opposition movements. Neurosci Lett. 2009 Nov 27;466(1):11-5. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.09.036. Epub 2009 Sep 20.
PubMed 19770024Bienenstock EL, Cooper LN, Munro PW. Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex. J Neurosci. 1982 Jan;2(1):32-48. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.02-01-00032.1982.
PubMed 7054394Burianova H, Marstaller L, Sowman P, Tesan G, Rich AN, Williams M, Savage G, Johnson BW. Multimodal functional imaging of motor imagery using a novel paradigm. Neuroimage. 2013 May 1;71:50-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.01.001. Epub 2013 Jan 12.
PubMed 23319043Cantarero G, Tang B, O'Malley R, Salas R, Celnik P. Motor learning interference is proportional to occlusion of LTP-like plasticity. J Neurosci. 2013 Mar 13;33(11):4634-41. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4706-12.2013.
PubMed 23486938Classen J, Liepert J, Wise SP, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Rapid plasticity of human cortical movement representation induced by practice. J Neurophysiol. 1998 Feb;79(2):1117-23. doi: 10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.1117.
PubMed 9463469Cumming J, Hall C. Deliberate imagery practice: the development of imagery skills in competitive athletes. J Sports Sci. 2002 Feb;20(2):137-45. doi: 10.1080/026404102317200846.
PubMed 11811570Decety J. The neurophysiological basis of motor imagery. Behav Brain Res. 1996 May;77(1-2):45-52. doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00225-1.
PubMed 8762158Doyon J, Bellec P, Amsel R, Penhune V, Monchi O, Carrier J, Lehericy S, Benali H. Contributions of the basal ganglia and functionally related brain structures to motor learning. Behav Brain Res. 2009 Apr 12;199(1):61-75. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.012. Epub 2008 Nov 17.
PubMed 19061920Doyon J, Benali H. Reorganization and plasticity in the adult brain during learning of motor skills. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2005 Apr;15(2):161-7. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2005.03.004.
PubMed 15831397Gentili R, Han CE, Schweighofer N, Papaxanthis C. Motor learning without doing: trial-by-trial improvement in motor performance during mental training. J Neurophysiol. 2010 Aug;104(2):774-83. doi: 10.1152/jn.00257.2010. Epub 2010 Jun 10.
PubMed 20538766Gentili R, Papaxanthis C, Pozzo T. Improvement and generalization of arm motor performance through motor imagery practice. Neuroscience. 2006 Feb;137(3):761-72. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.10.013. Epub 2005 Dec 9.
PubMed 16338093
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-based Assessment of Mental Training Effects on Motor Learning in Healthy Participants
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04784832
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IMAP-TMS / C19-19
- Conditions
- Motor Learning
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 556 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, FranceOther government
- Study start
- 8 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Apr 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Apr 2029 (estimated)
- First posted
- 5 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The general purpose of this research project is to analyze the specific role of motor imagery on motor learning, assessed through corticospinal excitability measurements and behavioral data collection. This project is based on four sequences. For Sequence 1, the main objective is to examine the effect of mental training on movement speed and accuracy in a manual motor sequence task, as well as the influence of sensory feedback in immediate post-test (i.e., execution of a similar, but not identical, manual motor sequence, other manual tasks) on performance in delayed post-test. The secondary objective will be to examine corticospinal changes (i.e., amplitude of motor evoked potentials) induced by mental training, by measuring the amplitude of motor evoked potentials before and after mental training. For Sequence 2, the main objective is to examine the impact of a motor disturbance induced by a robotic arm at different intervals during the motor imagery process. The secondary objective will be to examine the corticospinal changes (i.e. amplitude of evoked motor potentials) induced by mental training as a function of the applied perturbations, before and after perturbation. For Sequence 3, the main objective will be to examine the influence of neuroplasticity on the quality of mental training. More specifically, the investigators will study the links between brain plasticity and motor learning through mental training. The secondary objective will be to examine the corticospinal changes (i.e. amplitude of evoked motor potentials) induced by mental training at different levels of the neuromuscular system (cortical, cervicomedullar, peripheral) after a training period. For Sequence 4, the main objective will be to examine the effect of short-term arm-immobilization of on the retention of motor learning induced by mental training. The secondary objective will be to examine the corticospinal changes (i.e., amplitude of motor evoked potentials) induced by of short-term arm-immobilization, or by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), on motor learning. The results of this fundamental research project will allow a better understanding of neurophysiological and behavioral mechanisms that underlie motor learning through motor imagery. The results will allow to efficiently consider inter-individual specificities and will thus open up to clinical research perspectives, towards the establishment of adapted motor rehabilitation protocols.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 28
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Sequence 1 - Training with same task - Long follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Other: Mental trainingMotor task (Pretest and Posttests on the same task) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training |
| Sequence 1 - Training with same task - Short follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Other: Mental trainingMotor task (Pretest and Posttests on the same task) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training |
| Sequence 1 - Training with different tasks - Long follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Other: Mental trainingMotor task (different task in immediate post test) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training |
| Sequence 1 - Training with different tasks - Short follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Other: Mental trainingMotor task (different task in immediate post test) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training |
| Sequence 1 - Training with muscle contractions - Long follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Other: Mental trainingMotor task (isometric muscle contractions in immediate post test) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training |
| Sequence 1 - Training with muscle contractions - Short follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Other: Mental trainingMotor task (isometric muscle contractions in immediate post test) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training |
| Sequence 1 - Control | Active comparator | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulationMotor task (Pretest and Posttests on the same task) Transcranial magnetic stimulation No mental training |
| Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation during preparation - Long follow-up | Active comparator | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Robotic arm, Other: Physical trainingMotor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Physical training |
| Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation during preparation - Short follow-up | Active comparator | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Robotic arm, Other: Physical trainingMotor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Physical training |
| Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation after preparation - Long follow-up | Active comparator | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Robotic arm, Other: Physical trainingMotor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Physical training |
| Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation after preparation - Short follow-up | Active comparator | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Robotic arm, Other: Physical trainingMotor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Physical training |
| Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation during preparation - Long follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Robotic arm, Other: Mental trainingMotor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Mental training |
| Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation during preparation - Short follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Robotic arm, Other: Mental trainingMotor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Mental training |
| Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation after preparation - Long follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Robotic arm, Other: Mental trainingMotor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Mental training |
| Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation after preparation - Short follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Robotic arm, Other: Mental trainingMotor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Mental training |
| Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Long follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation, Device: Paired Associative Stimulation, Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation, Other: Mental trainingPaired Associative Stimulation Mental training (same as the motor task) Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation |
| Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Short follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation, Device: Paired Associative Stimulation, Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation, Other: Mental trainingPaired Associative Stimulation Mental training (same as the motor task) Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation |
| Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Long follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation, Device: Paired Associative Stimulation, Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation, Other: Mental trainingPaired Associative Stimulation Mental training (different of the motor task) Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation |
| Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Short follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation, Device: Paired Associative Stimulation, Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation, Other: Mental trainingPaired Associative Stimulation Mental training (different of the motor task) Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation |
| Sequence 3 - Control 1 | Active comparator | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation, Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation, Other: Mental trainingMental Training Motor task (same as the motor task) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation |
| Sequence 3 - Control 2 | Active comparator | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation, Device: Paired Associative Stimulation, Device: Cervicomedullar stimulationPaired Associative Stimulation Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation |
| Sequence 4 - Immobilization - Short follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Wrist, Other: Mental trainingTranscranial magnetic stimulation Arm immobilization Motor task Mental training |
| Sequence 4 - Immobilization - Long follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Wrist, Other: Mental trainingTranscranial magnetic stimulation Arm immobilization Motor task Mental training |
| Sequence 4 - Cathodal - Short follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation, Other: Mental trainingTranscranial magnetic stimulation Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation Motor task Mental training |
| Sequence 4 - Cathodal - Long follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation, Other: Mental trainingTranscranial magnetic stimulation Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation Motor task Mental training |
| Sequence 4 - Anodal - Short follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation, Other: Mental trainingTranscranial magnetic stimulation Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation Motor task Mental training |
| Sequence 4 - Anodal - Long follow-up | Experimental | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation, Other: Mental trainingTranscranial magnetic stimulation Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation Motor task Mental training |
| Sequence 4 - Control | Sham comparator | Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Other: Mental trainingTranscranial magnetic stimulation Motor task Mental training |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Male or female between 18 and 60 years old
- Having given written informed consent
- Affiliated to a social security scheme
Key exclusion criteria (15 listed)
- History of psychiatric illness (declarative)
- Person under guardianship, curatorship, safeguard of justice
- Neurological problem that could bias the results of the study (declarative)
- Personal or family history of epilepsy
- Person deprived of liberty by judicial or administrative decision
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Transcranial magnetic stimulationAlso: TMSMagnetic stimulation of the cortex | Device | Sequence 1 - Control, Sequence 1 - Training with different tasks - Long follow-up, Sequence 1 - Training with different tasks - Short follow-up, Sequence 1 - Training with muscle contractions - Long follow-up, Sequence 1 - Training with muscle contractions - Short follow-up, Sequence 1 - Training with same task - Long follow-up, Sequence 1 - Training with same task - Short follow-up, Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation after preparation - Long follow-up, Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation after preparation - Short follow-up, Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation during preparation - Long follow-up, Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation during preparation - Short follow-up, Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation after preparation - Long follow-up, Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation after preparation - Short follow-up, Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation during preparation - Long follow-up, Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation during preparation - Short follow-up, Sequence 3 - Control 1, Sequence 3 - Control 2, Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Long follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Short follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Long follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Short follow-up, Sequence 4 - Anodal - Long follow-up, Sequence 4 - Anodal - Short follow-up, Sequence 4 - Cathodal - Long follow-up, Sequence 4 - Cathodal - Short follow-up, Sequence 4 - Control, Sequence 4 - Immobilization - Long follow-up, Sequence 4 - Immobilization - Short follow-up |
| Peripheral Nerve StimulationElectric stimulation of the nerves | Device | Sequence 3 - Control 1, Sequence 3 - Control 2, Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Long follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Short follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Long follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Short follow-up |
| Transcranial direct current stimulationAlso: tDCSElectric stimulation of the cortex | Device | Sequence 4 - Anodal - Long follow-up, Sequence 4 - Anodal - Short follow-up, Sequence 4 - Cathodal - Long follow-up, Sequence 4 - Cathodal - Short follow-up |
| Paired Associative StimulationAlso: PASCombined magnetic and electric stimulation of cortex and nerve, respectively | Device | Sequence 3 - Control 2, Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Long follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Short follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Long follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Short follow-up |
| WristShort-term immobilization of the arm | Device | Sequence 4 - Immobilization - Long follow-up, Sequence 4 - Immobilization - Short follow-up |
| Robotic armExternal perturbation of force field induced by robotic arm | Device | Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation after preparation - Long follow-up, Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation after preparation - Short follow-up, Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation during preparation - Long follow-up, Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation during preparation - Short follow-up, Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation after preparation - Long follow-up, Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation after preparation - Short follow-up, Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation during preparation - Long follow-up, Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation during preparation - Short follow-up |
| Cervicomedullar stimulationElectric stimulation of the muscle | Device | Sequence 3 - Control 1, Sequence 3 - Control 2, Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Long follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Short follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Long follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Short follow-up |
| Physical trainingTraining to perform the task by actually doing the task | Other | Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation after preparation - Long follow-up, Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation after preparation - Short follow-up, Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation during preparation - Long follow-up, Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation during preparation - Short follow-up |
| Mental trainingTraining to perform the task by imaging doing the task | Other | Sequence 1 - Training with different tasks - Long follow-up, Sequence 1 - Training with different tasks - Short follow-up, Sequence 1 - Training with muscle contractions - Long follow-up, Sequence 1 - Training with muscle contractions - Short follow-up, Sequence 1 - Training with same task - Long follow-up, Sequence 1 - Training with same task - Short follow-up, Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation after preparation - Long follow-up, Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation after preparation - Short follow-up, Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation during preparation - Long follow-up, Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation during preparation - Short follow-up, Sequence 3 - Control 1, Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Long follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Short follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Long follow-up, Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Short follow-up, Sequence 4 - Anodal - Long follow-up, Sequence 4 - Anodal - Short follow-up, Sequence 4 - Cathodal - Long follow-up, Sequence 4 - Cathodal - Short follow-up, Sequence 4 - Control, Sequence 4 - Immobilization - Long follow-up, Sequence 4 - Immobilization - Short follow-up |
Primary outcome
Evolution of movement speed - Sequence 1
Time frame: Each day in Sequence 1 (Sequence 1 is 11 days)
The duration of performed movement sequences
Evolution of movement accuracy - Sequence 1
Time frame: Each day in Sequence 1 (Sequence 1 is 11 days)
The accuracy of performed movement sequences (i.e., the correspondence between the performed finger motor sequences and the requested finger motor sequence).
Evolution of trajectory error - Sequence 2
Time frame: Each day in Sequence 2 (Sequence 1 is 10 days)
The area under the curve of hand's trajectory according to the straight line joining the starting target and the final target.
Evolution of maximal deviation - Sequence 2
Time frame: Each day in Sequence 2 (Sequence 1 is 10 days)
The maximal perpendicular distance between the position of the hand and the straight line joining the starting target and the final target
Evolution of final error - Sequence 2
Time frame: Each day in Sequence 2 (Sequence 1 is 10 days)
The distance between the final position of the hand and the position of the final target.
Evolution of movement speed - Sequence 3
Time frame: Each day from day 2 to day 11 of Sequence 3 (Sequence 3 is 11 days)
The duration of performed movement sequences
Evolution of movement accuracy - Sequence 3
Time frame: Each day from day 2 to day 11 of Sequence 3 (Sequence 3 is 11 days)
The accuracy of performed movement sequences (i.e., the correspondence between the performed finger motor sequences and the requested finger motor sequence).
Evolution of movement speed - Sequence 4
Time frame: Each day in Sequence 4 (Sequence 4 is 6 days)
The duration of performed movement sequences
Evolution of movement accuracy - Sequence 4
Time frame: Each day in Sequence 4 (Sequence 4 is 6 days)
The accuracy of performed movement sequences (i.e., the correspondence between the performed finger motor sequences and the requested finger motor sequence).
4 secondary outcomes
Evolution of motor evoked potentials amplitude - Sequence 1
Time frame: Day 1, 5, 6, 10 and 11 in Sequence 1 (Sequence 1 is 11 days).
Evolution of motor evoked potentials amplitude - Sequence 2
Time frame: Each day in Sequence 2 (Sequence 2 is 10 days)
Evolution of motor evoked potentials amplitude - Sequence 3
Time frame: Day 1, 5, 6, 10 and 11 in Sequence 3 (Sequence 1 is 11 days)
Evolution of motor evoked potentials amplitude - Sequence 4
Time frame: Days 1, 5, and 6 in Sequence 4 (Sequence 4 is 6 days)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Apr 2026.
- Background: PubMed 18401345Abraham WC. Metaplasticity: tuning synapses and networks for plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 May;9(5):387. doi: 10.1038/nrn2356.
- Background: PubMed 23737857Anwar MN, Khan SH. Trial-by-trial adaptation of movements during mental practice under force field. Comput Math Methods Med. 2013;2013:109497. doi: 10.1155/2013/109497. Epub 2013 May 7.
- Background: PubMed 17849109Allami N, Paulignan Y, Brovelli A, Boussaoud D. Visuo-motor learning with combination of different rates of motor imagery and physical practice. Exp Brain Res. 2008 Jan;184(1):105-13. doi: 10.1007/s00221-007-1086-x. Epub 2007 Sep 12.
- Background: PubMed 19633892Arora S, Aggarwal R, Sevdalis N, Moran A, Sirimanna P, Kneebone R, Darzi A. Development and validation of mental practice as a training strategy for laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc. 2010 Jan;24(1):179-87. doi: 10.1007/s00464-009-0624-y. Epub 2009 Jul 25.
- Background: PubMed 19770024Avanzino L, Giannini A, Tacchino A, Pelosin E, Ruggeri P, Bove M. Motor imagery influences the execution of repetitive finger opposition movements. Neurosci Lett. 2009 Nov 27;466(1):11-5. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.09.036. Epub 2009 Sep 20.
- Background: PubMed 7054394Bienenstock EL, Cooper LN, Munro PW. Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex. J Neurosci. 1982 Jan;2(1):32-48. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.02-01-00032.1982.
- Background: PubMed 23319043Burianova H, Marstaller L, Sowman P, Tesan G, Rich AN, Williams M, Savage G, Johnson BW. Multimodal functional imaging of motor imagery using a novel paradigm. Neuroimage. 2013 May 1;71:50-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.01.001. Epub 2013 Jan 12.
- Background: PubMed 23486938Cantarero G, Tang B, O'Malley R, Salas R, Celnik P. Motor learning interference is proportional to occlusion of LTP-like plasticity. J Neurosci. 2013 Mar 13;33(11):4634-41. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4706-12.2013.
- Background: PubMed 9463469Classen J, Liepert J, Wise SP, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Rapid plasticity of human cortical movement representation induced by practice. J Neurophysiol. 1998 Feb;79(2):1117-23. doi: 10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.1117.
- Background: PubMed 11811570Cumming J, Hall C. Deliberate imagery practice: the development of imagery skills in competitive athletes. J Sports Sci. 2002 Feb;20(2):137-45. doi: 10.1080/026404102317200846.
- Background: PubMed 8762158Decety J. The neurophysiological basis of motor imagery. Behav Brain Res. 1996 May;77(1-2):45-52. doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00225-1.
- Background: PubMed 19061920Doyon J, Bellec P, Amsel R, Penhune V, Monchi O, Carrier J, Lehericy S, Benali H. Contributions of the basal ganglia and functionally related brain structures to motor learning. Behav Brain Res. 2009 Apr 12;199(1):61-75. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.012. Epub 2008 Nov 17.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Motor Learning
Not yet recruiting
Influence of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Arm and Hand Function After Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
Active, not recruiting
Flexibility, Resistance, Aerobic, Movement Execution Training in Adults With Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Recruiting
Motor Learning in Health and Movement Disorders: Role of Physical Activity and Advanced Devices
Healthy Individuals (Controls), Parkinson Disease
RecruitingPhase 3
A Study to Learn About the Investigational Drug Rinzimetostat (ORIC-944) in Patients With mCRPC Who Were Previously Treated With Abiraterone Acetate (Himalayas-1)
Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer
Not yet recruiting
OPTIMAL Motor Learning in Table Tennis: A fNIRS Study
Motor Learning, Aging
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Florent Lebon, PhD principal investigator
Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Transcranial direct current stimulation in people with Motor Learning, run by Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France at 1 site in France.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 15 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in France. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Florent Lebon, PhD (+33 3 80 39 67 49, florent.lebon@u-bourgogne.fr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Evolution of movement speed - Sequence 1 (time frame: Each day in Sequence 1 (Sequence 1 is 11 days)). The study lists 9 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04784832, which also lists 35 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Apr 2026.