Covid19REMAP-COVID-19NCT04854863
Respiratory Muscles After Hospitalisation for COVID-19
An observational study of Covid19 and Diaphragm Injury, run by RWTH Aachen University at 1 site in Germany.
Trial summary
Fatigue and exercise intolerance after survived COVID-19-infection might be related to weakness of the respiratory muscles especially following invasive mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Covid19, Diaphragm Injury
- What is being tested?
- Comprehensive assessment of respiratory muscle function.
- How many people
- 50 participants
- Where
- 1 siteGermany
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2021to 20 Nov 2024
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The aim of the present project is to comprehensively measure respiratory muscle function and strength in patients who survived a hospitalisation for a severe COVID-19-infection (25 with a severe course requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, 25 with a moderate-severe course requiring administration of supplemental oxygen only, respectively)
Who may be able to join
- 50 patients with survived COVID-19-infection (25 with a severe course requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, 25 with a moderate-severe course requiring administration of supplemental oxygen only, respectively)
- Patients aged at least 18 years, who are mentally and physically able to consent and participate into the study
Who cannot join
- Diagnosis of another disease, which causes a permanent increase in carbon dioxide level in the blood (chronic hypercapnia) or a permanent combined lung weakness (particularly a neuromuscular disease)
- Body-mass-index (BMI) >40
- Expected absence of active participation of the patient in study-related measurements
- Alcohol or drug abuse
- Metal implant in the body that is not MRI compatible (NON MRI compatible pacemaker, implantable defibrillator, cervical implants, e.g. brain pacemakers etc.)
- Slipped disc
Show all 11Show fewer
- Epilepsy
- Bound to a wheel chair
- Patients who are mentally and physically unable to consent and participate into the study
- Patients in an interdependence or with an employment contract with the principal investigator, Co-PI or his deputy.
- Emergency hospital stay in the last 4 weeks preceding the day of the measurements
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Respiratory Muscle Function After Hospitalisation for COVID-19 -Pathophysiological Model on Severity, Determinants and Clinical Consequences of Respiratory Muscle Strength Impairment in Patients Who Had Been Hospitalised for COVID-19-
Fatigue and exercise intolerance after survived COVID-19-infection might be related to weakness of the respiratory muscles especially following invasive mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit.
The aim of the project is to measure respiratory muscle function and strength in our respiratory physiology laboratory (Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, Head: Professor Michael Dreher) in patients who survived a severe COVID-19-infection (25 with a severe course requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, 25 with a moderate-severe course requiring administration of supplemental oxygen only, respectively).
Read more
Based on this data the aim is to develop a model which determines the severity, pathophysiology and clinical consequences of respiratory muscle dysfunction in patients who had been hospitalised for COVID-19.
This will potentially prove the importance of a dedicated pulmonologic rehabilitation with respiratory muscle strength training in patients who had been hospitalised for COVID-19.
Read the detailed description
The aim of the present project is to comprehensively measure respiratory muscle function and strength in patients who survived a hospitalisation for a severe COVID-19-infection (25 with a severe course requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, 25 with a moderate-severe course requiring administration of supplemental oxygen only, respectively).
We intend to recruit 50 patients during their regular follow up appointments (12 months and 24 months after their discharge from the hospital) in our pulmonology outpatient-clinic. Patients fulfilling the criterions of inclusion and exclusion will be included.
Patients will undergo a series of measurements on one day in our respiratory physiology laboratory (Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, Head: Professor Michael Dreher). Patients will be asked to complete a questionnaire, followed by some examinations comprising spirometry by bodyplethysmography, exercise endurance, capillary blood gas analyses, measurement of maximum inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures, dynamometric measurement of arm and leg strength, diaphragm ultrasound, magnetic stimulation of the phrenic and lower thoracic nerves with invasive recording of twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure and markers of systemic inflammation based on in depth analyses of blood samples that will be obtained.
Based on this data the aim is to develop a model which determines the severity, pathophysiology and clinical consequences of respiratory muscle dysfunction in patients who had been hospitalised for COVID-19.
This will potentially prove the importance of a dedicated pulmonologic rehabilitation with respiratory muscle strength training in patients who had been hospitalised for COVID-19.
- Conditions
- Covid19, Diaphragm Injury
- Being tested
- Comprehensive assessment of respiratory muscle function.
- Medical subject headings
- COVID-19
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Comprehensive assessment of respiratory muscle function.Diagnostic test
Comprehensive assessment of respiratory muscle function to the point of its invasive assessment with recordings of twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure in response to magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation and stimulation of the lower thoracic nerve roots.
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure in response to supramaximal magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve roots
Recording of twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Unit: Pressure in cmH2O)
Measured: 2 years
Respiratory mouth pressures
Measurement of respiratory (inspiratory and expiratory) mouth pressures (Unit: Pressure in cmH2O)
Measured: 2 years
Secondary outcomes (4)
Diaphragm ultrasound
Comprehensive evaluation of diaphragm excursion (amplitude during tidal breathing, sniff maneuver and maximal inspiration in cm, corresponding velocity in cm/sec, respectively) and thickening on ultrasound (thickness at functional residual capacity, at total lung capactiy in cm), Markers of Diaphragm excursion and thickening will be combined to classify diaphragm function as normal, mildly, moderately or severly impaired.
Measured: 2 years
Exercise intolerance
Comprehensive evaluation of symptoms (breathlesness based on NYHA class, on a visual scale ranging from 1-10, respectively) and exercise capacity (6 minute walking distance). These measurements will be combined to classifiy patients as presenting with exercise intolerance or no exercise intolerance.
Measured: 2 years
Analyses of markers of systemic inflammation (interleukin levels in ng/ml, TNF alpha in ng/ml, CRP in mg/L; immune phenotyping of inflammatory cells, most importantly whilte blood cell subtypes in %)
Analyses of markers of systemic inflammation based on blood samples taken. These measurements will be combined to classify patients as having increased or normal levels of systemic inflammation.
Measured: 2 years
Lung function
Comprehensive assessment of lung function by bodyplethysmography (most importantly forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume after 1 second, intrathoracic gas volume, residual volume) and capillary blood gas analysis (most importantly pO2 in mmHG and pCO2 in mmHG). These measurements will be combined to classify patients as showing normal, restrictive, obstructive lung function impairment, as being hypoxic, hypercapnic, respectively.
Measured: 2 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Apr 2021
- Study start1 Jun 2021
- Primary completion1 Jul 2023
- Study completion20 Nov 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Covid19Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- RWTH Aachen University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Jens Spießhöfer, RWTH Aachen University
- Investigators
- Michael Dreher, Professor, Study director, RWTH Aachen UniversityJens Spiesshoefer, MD, Principal investigator, RWTH Aachen UniversityJanina Friedrich, MD, Study chair, RWTH Aachen University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04854863
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CTCA 20-515
- Acronym
- REMAP-COVID-19
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 15 Apr 2021
- Last updated
- 28 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Daher A, Balfanz P, Aetou M, Hartmann B, Muller-Wieland D, Muller T, Marx N, Dreher M, Cornelissen CG. Clinical course of COVID-19 patients needing supplemental oxygen outside the intensive care unit. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 26;11(1):2256. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81444-9.
PubMed 33500431Daher A, Balfanz P, Cornelissen C, Muller A, Bergs I, Marx N, Muller-Wieland D, Hartmann B, Dreher M, Muller T. Follow up of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease sequelae. Respir Med. 2020 Nov-Dec;174:106197. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106197. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
PubMed 33120193Balfanz P, Hartmann B, Muller-Wieland D, Kleines M, Hackl D, Kossack N, Kersten A, Cornelissen C, Muller T, Daher A, Stohr R, Bickenbach J, Marx G, Marx N, Dreher M. Early risk markers for severe clinical course and fatal outcome in German patients with COVID-19. PLoS One. 2021 Jan 29;16(1):e0246182. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246182. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 33513168Spiesshoefer J, Henke C, Herkenrath S, Brix T, Randerath W, Young P, Boentert M. Transdiapragmatic pressure and contractile properties of the diaphragm following magnetic stimulation. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2019 Aug;266:47-53. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.04.011. Epub 2019 Apr 25.
PubMed 31029769Spiesshoefer J, Henke C, Herkenrath S, Randerath W, Brix T, Young P, Boentert M. Assessment of Central Drive to the Diaphragm by Twitch Interpolation: Normal Values, Theoretical Considerations, and Future Directions. Respiration. 2019;98(4):283-293. doi: 10.1159/000500726. Epub 2019 Jul 26.
PubMed 31352459Spiesshoefer J, Herkenrath S, Henke C, Langenbruch L, Schneppe M, Randerath W, Young P, Brix T, Boentert M. Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Strength and Diaphragm Ultrasound: Normative Values, Theoretical Considerations, and Practical Recommendations. Respiration. 2020;99(5):369-381. doi: 10.1159/000506016. Epub 2020 May 12.
PubMed 32396905Friedrich J, Regmi B, Jorn B, Senol M, Giannoni A, Boentert M, Kahles F, Daher A, Dreher M, Spiesshoefer J. Poor Correlation between Diaphragm Ultrasound and Invasive Gold Standard Technique Derived Respiratory Muscle Strength Assessment in Patients after Hospitalisation for COVID-19. Respiration. 2025;104(4):231-239. doi: 10.1159/000541632. Epub 2024 Nov 4.
PubMed 39496245Spiesshoefer J, Regmi B, Senol M, Jorn B, Gorol O, Elfeturi M, Walterspacher S, Giannoni A, Kahles F, Gloeckl R, Dreher M. Potential Diaphragm Muscle Weakness-related Dyspnea Persists 2 Years after COVID-19 and Could Be Improved by Inspiratory Muscle Training: Results of an Observational and an Interventional Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024 Sep 1;210(5):618-628. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202309-1572OC.
PubMed 38763165Regmi B, Friedrich J, Jorn B, Senol M, Giannoni A, Boentert M, Daher A, Dreher M, Spiesshoefer J. Diaphragm Muscle Weakness Might Explain Exertional Dyspnea 15 Months after Hospitalization for COVID-19. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023 Apr 15;207(8):1012-1021. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1243OC.
PubMed 36596223Spiesshoefer J, Friedrich J, Regmi B, Geppert J, Jorn B, Kersten A, Giannoni A, Boentert M, Marx G, Marx N, Daher A, Dreher M. Diaphragm dysfunction as a potential determinant of dyspnea on exertion in patients 1 year after COVID-19-related ARDS. Respir Res. 2022 Jul 15;23(1):187. doi: 10.1186/s12931-022-02100-y.
PubMed 35841032
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Respiratory Muscle Function After Hospitalisation for COVID-19 -Pathophysiological Model on Severity, Determinants and Clinical Consequences of Respiratory Muscle Strength Impairment in Patients Who Had Been Hospitalised for COVID-19-
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04854863
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REMAP-COVID-19 / CTCA 20-515
- Conditions
- Covid19, Diaphragm Injury
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- RWTH Aachen UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Nov 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Apr 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Fatigue and exercise intolerance after survived COVID-19-infection might be related to weakness of the respiratory muscles especially following invasive mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit.
The aim of the project is to measure respiratory muscle function and strength in our respiratory physiology laboratory (Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, Head: Professor Michael Dreher) in patients who survived a severe COVID-19-infection (25 with a severe course requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, 25 with a moderate-severe course requiring administration of supplemental oxygen only, respectively).
Based on this data the aim is to develop a model which determines the severity, pathophysiology and clinical consequences of respiratory muscle dysfunction in patients who had been hospitalised for COVID-19.
This will potentially prove the importance of a dedicated pulmonologic rehabilitation with respiratory muscle strength training in patients who had been hospitalised for COVID-19.
Detailed description
The aim of the present project is to comprehensively measure respiratory muscle function and strength in patients who survived a hospitalisation for a severe COVID-19-infection (25 with a severe course requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, 25 with a moderate-severe course requiring administration of supplemental oxygen only, respectively).
We intend to recruit 50 patients during their regular follow up appointments (12 months and 24 months after their discharge from the hospital) in our pulmonology outpatient-clinic. Patients fulfilling the criterions of inclusion and exclusion will be included.
Patients will undergo a series of measurements on one day in our respiratory physiology laboratory (Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, Head: Professor Michael Dreher). Patients will be asked to complete a questionnaire, followed by some examinations comprising spirometry by bodyplethysmography, exercise endurance, capillary blood gas analyses, measurement of maximum inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures, dynamometric measurement of arm and leg strength, diaphragm ultrasound, magnetic stimulation of the phrenic and lower thoracic nerves with invasive recording of twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure and markers of systemic inflammation based on in depth analyses of blood samples that will be obtained.
Based on this data the aim is to develop a model which determines the severity, pathophysiology and clinical consequences of respiratory muscle dysfunction in patients who had been hospitalised for COVID-19.
This will potentially prove the importance of a dedicated pulmonologic rehabilitation with respiratory muscle strength training in patients who had been hospitalised for COVID-19.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The aim of the present project is to comprehensively measure respiratory muscle function and strength in patients who survived a hospitalisation for a severe COVID-19-infection (25 with a severe course requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, 25 with a moderate-severe course requiring administration of supplemental oxygen only, respectively)
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- 50 patients with survived COVID-19-infection (25 with a severe course requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, 25 with a moderate-severe course requiring administration of supplemental oxygen only, respectively)
- Patients aged at least 18 years, who are mentally and physically able to consent and participate into the study
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Diagnosis of another disease, which causes a permanent increase in carbon dioxide level in the blood (chronic hypercapnia) or a permanent combined lung weakness (particularly a neuromuscular disease)
- Body-mass-index (BMI) >40
- Expected absence of active participation of the patient in study-related measurements
- Alcohol or drug abuse
- Metal implant in the body that is not MRI compatible (NON MRI compatible pacemaker, implantable defibrillator, cervical implants, e.g. brain pacemakers etc.)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive assessment of respiratory muscle function.Comprehensive assessment of respiratory muscle function to the point of its invasive assessment with recordings of twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure in response to magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation and stimulation of the lower thoracic nerve roots. | Diagnostic test | – |
Primary outcome
Twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure in response to supramaximal magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve roots
Time frame: 2 years
Recording of twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Unit: Pressure in cmH2O)
Respiratory mouth pressures
Time frame: 2 years
Measurement of respiratory (inspiratory and expiratory) mouth pressures (Unit: Pressure in cmH2O)
4 secondary outcomes
Diaphragm ultrasound
Time frame: 2 years
Exercise intolerance
Time frame: 2 years
Analyses of markers of systemic inflammation (interleukin levels in ng/ml, TNF alpha in ng/ml, CRP in mg/L; immune phenotyping of inflammatory cells, most importantly whilte blood cell subtypes in %)
Time frame: 2 years
Lung function
Time frame: 2 years
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Jan 2026.
- Background: PubMed 33500431Daher A, Balfanz P, Aetou M, Hartmann B, Muller-Wieland D, Muller T, Marx N, Dreher M, Cornelissen CG. Clinical course of COVID-19 patients needing supplemental oxygen outside the intensive care unit. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 26;11(1):2256. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81444-9.
- Background: PubMed 33120193Daher A, Balfanz P, Cornelissen C, Muller A, Bergs I, Marx N, Muller-Wieland D, Hartmann B, Dreher M, Muller T. Follow up of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease sequelae. Respir Med. 2020 Nov-Dec;174:106197. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106197. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
- Background: PubMed 33513168Balfanz P, Hartmann B, Muller-Wieland D, Kleines M, Hackl D, Kossack N, Kersten A, Cornelissen C, Muller T, Daher A, Stohr R, Bickenbach J, Marx G, Marx N, Dreher M. Early risk markers for severe clinical course and fatal outcome in German patients with COVID-19. PLoS One. 2021 Jan 29;16(1):e0246182. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246182. eCollection 2021.
- Background: PubMed 31029769Spiesshoefer J, Henke C, Herkenrath S, Brix T, Randerath W, Young P, Boentert M. Transdiapragmatic pressure and contractile properties of the diaphragm following magnetic stimulation. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2019 Aug;266:47-53. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.04.011. Epub 2019 Apr 25.
- Background: PubMed 31352459Spiesshoefer J, Henke C, Herkenrath S, Randerath W, Brix T, Young P, Boentert M. Assessment of Central Drive to the Diaphragm by Twitch Interpolation: Normal Values, Theoretical Considerations, and Future Directions. Respiration. 2019;98(4):283-293. doi: 10.1159/000500726. Epub 2019 Jul 26.
- Background: PubMed 32396905Spiesshoefer J, Herkenrath S, Henke C, Langenbruch L, Schneppe M, Randerath W, Young P, Brix T, Boentert M. Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Strength and Diaphragm Ultrasound: Normative Values, Theoretical Considerations, and Practical Recommendations. Respiration. 2020;99(5):369-381. doi: 10.1159/000506016. Epub 2020 May 12.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39496245Friedrich J, Regmi B, Jorn B, Senol M, Giannoni A, Boentert M, Kahles F, Daher A, Dreher M, Spiesshoefer J. Poor Correlation between Diaphragm Ultrasound and Invasive Gold Standard Technique Derived Respiratory Muscle Strength Assessment in Patients after Hospitalisation for COVID-19. Respiration. 2025;104(4):231-239. doi: 10.1159/000541632. Epub 2024 Nov 4.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 38763165Spiesshoefer J, Regmi B, Senol M, Jorn B, Gorol O, Elfeturi M, Walterspacher S, Giannoni A, Kahles F, Gloeckl R, Dreher M. Potential Diaphragm Muscle Weakness-related Dyspnea Persists 2 Years after COVID-19 and Could Be Improved by Inspiratory Muscle Training: Results of an Observational and an Interventional Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024 Sep 1;210(5):618-628. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202309-1572OC.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 36596223Regmi B, Friedrich J, Jorn B, Senol M, Giannoni A, Boentert M, Daher A, Dreher M, Spiesshoefer J. Diaphragm Muscle Weakness Might Explain Exertional Dyspnea 15 Months after Hospitalization for COVID-19. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023 Apr 15;207(8):1012-1021. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1243OC.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 35841032Spiesshoefer J, Friedrich J, Regmi B, Geppert J, Jorn B, Kersten A, Giannoni A, Boentert M, Marx G, Marx N, Daher A, Dreher M. Diaphragm dysfunction as a potential determinant of dyspnea on exertion in patients 1 year after COVID-19-related ARDS. Respir Res. 2022 Jul 15;23(1):187. doi: 10.1186/s12931-022-02100-y.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Michael Dreher, Professor study director
RWTH Aachen University
Jens Spiesshoefer, MD principal investigator
RWTH Aachen University
Janina Friedrich, MD study chair
RWTH Aachen University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Covid19 and Diaphragm Injury, run by RWTH Aachen University at 1 site in Germany.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Germany. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure in response to supramaximal magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve roots (time frame: 2 years). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04854863, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Jan 2026.