Blood PressurePhase 1MAPLENCT04934228
Mitigating the Pro-inflammatory Phenotype of Obesity
A Phase 1 study testing Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5Mg Tab and Clonidine Pill in people with Blood Pressure and Diabetes, run by University of Kansas Medical Center at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to examine the hypothesize that 4 weeks of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) inhibition (oral clonidine) will cause a significant reduction in circulating blood concentrations and endothelial cell expression of inflammatory markers (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 79 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Blood Pressure, Diabetes, Obesity
- What is being tested?
- Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5Mg Tab and Clonidine Pill
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Jul 2021to 1 Aug 2027
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 79 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Male or Female, age 18-79
- Obese: BMI > 30 m/kg2
- Hypertensive: blood pressure >130/80
- Elevated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR > 2.5)
- Waist circ: >102 cm (men) and >88 cm (women)
- Fasting glucose < 126 mg/dL
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- Fasting triglycerides < 250 mg/dL
- HbA1c < 6.5%
- Willing to visit research lab (Fairway CTSU)
- Willing to undergo a blood draw
- Able to provide written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Current use of clonidine or beta-blockers
- Current smoker or History of smoking in the past 3 months.
- Hyperlipidemia: Fasting triglycerides > 250 mg/dL
- Currently taking hypertension medication
- History of heart disease (e.g., myocardial infarction, stent, byass, heart attack, stroke, heart failure, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy)
- History of neurological disorders
- History of transplant
- Actively participating in other studies, except for a registry study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas, 66103
Seth W. W Holwerda, 9729223230, sholwerda@kumc.edu
About this study
The purpose of this study is to examine the hypothesize that 4 weeks of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) inhibition (oral clonidine) will cause a significant reduction in circulating blood concentrations and endothelial cell expression of inflammatory markers (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6).
Our study is a prospective study using a randomized, double-blinded design to test 4 weeks of SNA blockade (oral clonidine) compared with a BP-lowering control condition (diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide) or a placebo.
Read the detailed description
- Using a randomized, double-blinded, parallel-design approach, we hypothesize that 4 weeks of SNA blockade (oral clonidine) will cause a significant reduction in expression of inflammatory markers in blood, endothelial cells, and central adipose compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment.
- Determine the extent to which inflammation in the body is caused by elevated sympathetic nerve activity
- Conditions
- Blood Pressure, Diabetes, Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Diuretics Drug Reactions, Sympathetic Nerve Activity
- Being tested
- Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5Mg Tab, Clonidine Pill, Placebo
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Insulin Resistance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5Mg TabDrug
Also called Hydrochlorothiazide
Will receive 4 week supply (35 days) of Hydrochlorothiazide Pills (12.5 mg twice a day)
Planned use in this study
- Condition/disease indication(s): Hypertension
- Subject population: Hypertension
- Dose(s): 25 mg/day
- Administration: Oral
- Dosing regimen: 12.5 mg twice per day
Clonidine PillDrug
Also called Clonidine
Will receive 4 week supply (35 days) of Clonidine Pills (0.1 mg twice/day)
Planned use in this study
- Condition/disease indication(s): Vascular function and blood flow
- Subject population: Hypertension
- Dose(s): 0.1 mg (oral)
- Administration: Oral
- Dosing regimen: 0.1 mg twice daily by mouth
PlaceboDrug
Will receive a 4 week supply (35 days) of Placebo Pills; has no active ingredients but is made to look like the study drug.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | KU Investigational Pharmacy will provide the drug prescription bottle with 35-day supply of placebo to the research coordinator to give to the research participant.
The placebo is an inert substance with no intended medical value and is used as a negative control for comparison with the study drug.
Participants will receive a Placebo Pill; has no active ingredients but is made to look like the study drug. Receives: Drug: Placebo |
| Clonidine | Experimental | KU Investigational Pharmacy will provide the drug prescription bottle with 35-day supply of clonidine to the research coordinator to give to the research participant.
Planned use in this study
1. Condition/disease indication(s): Vascular function and blood flow
2. Subject population: Hypertension
3. Dose(s): 0.1 mg (oral)
4. Administration: Oral
5. Dosing regimen: 0.1 mg twice daily by mouth Receives: Drug: Clonidine Pill |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) | Experimental | KU Investigational Pharmacy will provide the drug prescription bottle with 35-day supply of Hydrochlorothiazide to the research coordinator to give to the research participant.
Planned use in this study
1. Condition/disease indication(s): Hypertension
2. Subject population: Hypertension
3. Dose(s): 25 mg/day
4. Administration: Oral
5. Dosing regimen: 12.5 mg twice per day Receives: Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5Mg Tab |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Blood Work: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Difference in inflammatory markers in blood compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
- Norepinephrine (inflammation) Blood Test: pg/mL normal range for norepinephrine is 70 to 1700 pg/mL
- Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL6) Blood Test: pg/mL normal values: IL-6 was 6-31 pg/mL and TNF-α 5 pg/mL,
- Nitrotyrosine (Oxidative stress)
Measured: Baseline
Endothelial Cell Sample: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Difference in endothelial cells samples compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Endothelial cell tissue will be assessed by the KU Histology Core for markers of inflammation and oxidative stress independently from the PI's lab,
Measured: Baseline
Adipose Tissue Sample: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Difference in central adipose compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Adipose tissue are expected following 4 weeks of clonidine but not HCTZ or placebo
Measured: Baseline
Blood Work: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
The difference in electrolytes blood test of participants in the Clonidine group compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment.
- Blood Test: Electrolyte check by examining potassium concentration in blood. If potassium is 3.5 millimoles per liter or lower, oral 10 mg KCL will be prescribed to subject by a physician.
Measured: 1 Week
Blood Work: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
The difference in electrolytes blood test of participants in the Clonidine group compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment.
- Blood Test: Electrolyte check by examining potassium concentration in blood. If potassium is 3.5 millimoles per liter or lower, oral 10 mg KCL will be prescribed to subject by a physician.
Measured: 2 Week
Blood Work: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Difference in inflammatory markers in blood, endothelial cells, and central adipose compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
- Norepinephrine (inflammation) Blood Test: pg/mL normal range for norepinephrine is 70 to 1700 pg/mL
- Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL6) Blood Test: pg/mL normal values: IL-6 was 6-31 pg/mL and TNF-α 5 pg/mL,
- Nitrotyrosine (Oxidative stress)
Measured: 4 Week
Endothelial Cell Sample: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Difference in endothelial cells samples compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Endothelial cell tissue will be assessed by the KU Histology Core for markers of inflammation and oxidative stress independently from the PI's lab,
Measured: 4 Week
Adipose Tissue Sample: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Difference in central adipose compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Adipose tissue are expected following 4 weeks of clonidine but not HCTZ or placebo
Measured: 4 Week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Jun 2021
- Study start1 Jul 2021
- Primary completion1 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Aug 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Blood PressureStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of Kansas Medical CenterThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Mixed Model ANOVA 3-way analysis of variance to assess pain and BP responses to the clonidine, diuretic vs. placebo.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Kansas Medical Center
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Seth Holwerda PhD, University of Kansas Medical Center
- Investigators
- Seth W. W Holwerda, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Kansas Medical Center
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04934228
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 00147099
- Acronym
- MAPLE
- Status last verified
- Jun 2025
- First submitted
- 31 Mar 2021
- Last updated
- 5 Jun 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Mitigating the Pro-inflammatory Phenotype of Obesity
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04934228
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MAPLE / 00147099
- Conditions
- Blood Pressure, Diabetes, Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Diuretics Drug Reactions, Sympathetic Nerve Activity
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Kansas Medical CenterUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jul 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Aug 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 22 Jun 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to examine the hypothesize that 4 weeks of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) inhibition (oral clonidine) will cause a significant reduction in circulating blood concentrations and endothelial cell expression of inflammatory markers (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6).
Our study is a prospective study using a randomized, double-blinded design to test 4 weeks of SNA blockade (oral clonidine) compared with a BP-lowering control condition (diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide) or a placebo.
Detailed description
- Using a randomized, double-blinded, parallel-design approach, we hypothesize that 4 weeks of SNA blockade (oral clonidine) will cause a significant reduction in expression of inflammatory markers in blood, endothelial cells, and central adipose compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment.
- Determine the extent to which inflammation in the body is caused by elevated sympathetic nerve activity
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Mixed Model ANOVA 3-way analysis of variance to assess pain and BP responses to the clonidine, diuretic vs. placebo.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: PlaceboKU Investigational Pharmacy will provide the drug prescription bottle with 35-day supply of placebo to the research coordinator to give to the research participant. The placebo is an inert substance with no intended medical value and is used as a negative control for comparison with the study drug. Participants will receive a Placebo Pill; has no active ingredients but is made to look like the study drug. |
| Clonidine | Experimental | Drug: Clonidine PillKU Investigational Pharmacy will provide the drug prescription bottle with 35-day supply of clonidine to the research coordinator to give to the research participant. Planned use in this study 1. Condition/disease indication(s): Vascular function and blood flow 2. Subject population: Hypertension 3. Dose(s): 0.1 mg (oral) 4. Administration: Oral 5. Dosing regimen: 0.1 mg twice daily by mouth |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) | Experimental | Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5Mg TabKU Investigational Pharmacy will provide the drug prescription bottle with 35-day supply of Hydrochlorothiazide to the research coordinator to give to the research participant. Planned use in this study 1. Condition/disease indication(s): Hypertension 2. Subject population: Hypertension 3. Dose(s): 25 mg/day 4. Administration: Oral 5. Dosing regimen: 12.5 mg twice per day |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 79 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Male or Female, age 18-79
- Obese: BMI > 30 m/kg2
- Hypertensive: blood pressure >130/80
- Elevated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR > 2.5)
- Waist circ: >102 cm (men) and >88 cm (women)
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Current use of clonidine or beta-blockers
- Current smoker or History of smoking in the past 3 months.
- Hyperlipidemia: Fasting triglycerides > 250 mg/dL
- Currently taking hypertension medication
- History of heart disease (e.g., myocardial infarction, stent, byass, heart attack, stroke, heart failure, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5Mg TabAlso: HydrochlorothiazideWill receive 4 week supply (35 days) of Hydrochlorothiazide Pills (12.5 mg twice a day) Planned use in this study 1. Condition/disease indication(s): Hypertension 2. Subject population: Hypertension 3. Dose(s): 25 mg/day 4. Administration: Oral 5. Dosing regimen: 12.5 mg twice per day | Drug | Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) |
| Clonidine PillAlso: ClonidineWill receive 4 week supply (35 days) of Clonidine Pills (0.1 mg twice/day) Planned use in this study 1. Condition/disease indication(s): Vascular function and blood flow 2. Subject population: Hypertension 3. Dose(s): 0.1 mg (oral) 4. Administration: Oral 5. Dosing regimen: 0.1 mg twice daily by mouth | Drug | Clonidine |
| PlaceboWill receive a 4 week supply (35 days) of Placebo Pills; has no active ingredients but is made to look like the study drug. | Drug | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Blood Work: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Time frame: Baseline
Difference in inflammatory markers in blood compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment * Norepinephrine (inflammation) Blood Test: pg/mL normal range for norepinephrine is 70 to 1700 pg/mL * Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL6) Blood Test: pg/mL normal values: IL-6 was 6-31 pg/mL and TNF-α 5 pg/mL, * Nitrotyrosine (Oxidative stress)
Endothelial Cell Sample: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Time frame: Baseline
Difference in endothelial cells samples compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment Endothelial cell tissue will be assessed by the KU Histology Core for markers of inflammation and oxidative stress independently from the PI's lab,
Adipose Tissue Sample: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Time frame: Baseline
Difference in central adipose compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment Adipose tissue are expected following 4 weeks of clonidine but not HCTZ or placebo
Blood Work: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Time frame: 1 Week
The difference in electrolytes blood test of participants in the Clonidine group compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment. • Blood Test: Electrolyte check by examining potassium concentration in blood. If potassium is 3.5 millimoles per liter or lower, oral 10 mg KCL will be prescribed to subject by a physician.
Blood Work: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Time frame: 2 Week
The difference in electrolytes blood test of participants in the Clonidine group compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment. • Blood Test: Electrolyte check by examining potassium concentration in blood. If potassium is 3.5 millimoles per liter or lower, oral 10 mg KCL will be prescribed to subject by a physician.
Blood Work: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Time frame: 4 Week
Difference in inflammatory markers in blood, endothelial cells, and central adipose compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment * Norepinephrine (inflammation) Blood Test: pg/mL normal range for norepinephrine is 70 to 1700 pg/mL * Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL6) Blood Test: pg/mL normal values: IL-6 was 6-31 pg/mL and TNF-α 5 pg/mL, * Nitrotyrosine (Oxidative stress)
Endothelial Cell Sample: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Time frame: 4 Week
Difference in endothelial cells samples compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment Endothelial cell tissue will be assessed by the KU Histology Core for markers of inflammation and oxidative stress independently from the PI's lab,
Adipose Tissue Sample: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment
Time frame: 4 Week
Difference in central adipose compared with a BP-lowering control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment Adipose tissue are expected following 4 weeks of clonidine but not HCTZ or placebo
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Jun 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Seth W. W Holwerda, PhD principal investigator
University of Kansas Medical Center
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5Mg Tab and Clonidine Pill in people with Blood Pressure and Diabetes, run by University of Kansas Medical Center at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Seth W Holwerda, Ph,D (9729223230, sholwerda@kumc.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Blood Work: Efficacy of 4-week supply of Clonidine Compared VS 4-week supply of control condition using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a separate placebo treatment (time frame: Baseline). The study lists 8 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Jun 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.