Cystoid Macular Edema Following Cataract SurgeryPhase 4NCT04940338
PCME Prevention in Patients With NPDR
A Phase 4 study testing Bromfenac Ophthalmic 0.09% Ophthalmic Solution, Dexamethasone Ophthalmic and Phacoemulsification surgery (PHACO) in people with Cystoid Macular Edema Following Cataract Surgery, run by Klinički Bolnički Centar Zagreb at 1 site in Croatia.
Trial summary
Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME), or Irvine-Gass syndrome, is retinal thickening of the macula, which usually develops within 3 months after surgery, with a peak incidence between 4 and 6 weeks. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Cystoid Macular Edema Following Cataract Surgery
- What is being tested?
- Bromfenac Ophthalmic 0.09% Ophthalmic Solution, Dexamethasone Ophthalmic and Phacoemulsification surgery (PHACO)
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCroatia
- Study dates
- 1 May 2021to 1 Jan 2022
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- clinical diagnosis of mild to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (EDTRS) and
- senile cataract grade II nuclear/cortical or posterior subcapsular (LOCS III)
Who cannot join
- anterior segment pathology (pseudoexfoliation syndrome, corneal opacities),
- posterior segment pathology (diabetic macular edema, previous diabetic macular edema treatment, previous retinal photocoagulation therapy, age related macular degeneration, retinal vascular diseases or history of uveitis)
- intraoperative complications (posterior capsular rupture, vitreus loss, intraocular lens not implanted in the capsular bag),
- postoperative complications (leaking incision, increased intraocular pressure, corneal edema or inflammation),
- therapy for glaucoma,
- patients on antihypertensive therapy, topical or systemic NSAIDs or steroids,
- previous steroid responders or hypersensitivity to the NSAID drug class,
- previous ocular trauma and intraocular surgery
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Topical Corticosteroids and Topical NSAIDs Perioperatively on IL6 Levels in Aqueous Humor and on Incidence of PCME in Patients With NPDR
Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME), or Irvine-Gass syndrome, is retinal thickening of the macula, which usually develops within 3 months after surgery, with a peak incidence between 4 and 6 weeks. Despite recent improvements in surgical techniques, PCME remains one of the most common causes of visual decline following an uneventful cataract surgery. Symptoms of PCME usually are blurred vision, metamorphopsia, loss of contrast sensitivity, and central scotomas. PCME usually responds well to medical therapy or may resolve spontaneously but carries a risk of permanent vision loss or loss of contrast sensitivity. There is wide discrepancy in opinions about the most effective antiinflammatory drops for the prevention of PCME. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have attracted special interest because of higher incidence of cataract and increased risk for developing CME after cataract surgery. The optimum antiinflammatory prophylaxis for PCME in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) remains unknown.
Purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of topical bromfenac and topical dexamethasone on intraocular concentration of interleukin-6 (IL6) and the incidence of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) after cataract surgery in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).
Read the detailed description
There is no standardized, widely-acceptable, evidence-based prophylaxis and treatment protocols to prevent macular edema after cataract surgery (PCME).
Current leading theory of pathogenesis of PCME (Irvine Gass) involves inflammation caused by surgical trauma which induces the release of inflammatory mediators like cytokines, prostaglandins and other vasopermeability factors, which disrupt the blood-retinal barrier and cause leakage from perifoveal retinal capillaries and accumulation of extracellular fluid in outer plexiform and inner nuclear layers of the retina. Diabetes is significant risk factor for developing PCME and grows proportionately with the severity of the diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and affects one in three persons with DM. Interleukin-6 (IL6) is associated with many intraocular inflammatory diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema acting as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Levels of IL6 in aqueous humor are correlated with the severity of DR and the severity of DME. IL6 probably plays a crucial role in the development of inflammation after cataract surgery. Macular edema is usually monitored by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) which is suitable for detecting subtle macular changes as well as follow up after treatment. OCT provides an objective measurement of macular thickness that correlates well with visual impairment and can be useful in standardizing definitions of PCME.
Prevention of PCME after cataract surgery in patients with NPDR include preoperative treatment with steroids, intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors, laser treatment and topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
This randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled trial will be conducted at Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia. Ninety (90) eyes with mild to moderate NPDR (EDTRS classification) and cataract grade II nuclear/cortical or posterior subcapsular (Lens Opacities Classification System III) who will undergo phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation will be divided into three groups. Group 1 will receive topical bromfenac, group 2 will receive topical dexamethasone and group 3 will receive topical placebo, 7 days preoperatively and 3 weeks postoperatively. All patients will receive standard regimen of topical steroid-antibiotic drops postoperatively. Macular edema is defined as central foveal subfield thickness (CFT) increase of 40% from baseline. On the day of the surgery aqueous humor samples (0.1-0.2 mL) will be taken and IL6 concentration will be analyzed. Central foveal subfield thickness (CFT) will be measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and analyzed 7 days prior to surgery, on the day of the surgery and on 1, 7, 30 and 90 postoperative day.
- Being tested
- Bromfenac Ophthalmic 0.09% Ophthalmic Solution, Dexamethasone Ophthalmic, Placebo, Phacoemulsification surgery (PHACO)
- Keywords
- Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME), Interleukin-6 (IL6), Central foveal subfield thickness (CFT), Spectral domain Optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Bromfenac Ophthalmic 0.09% Ophthalmic SolutionDrug
Also called Bromfenac
topical bromfenac (0.9 mg/mL) 2x daily 7 days before the surgery
Dexamethasone OphthalmicDrug
Also called Dexamethasone
topical dexamethasone (1 mg/mL) 2x daily 7 days before the surgery
PlaceboDrug
topical placebo (artificial tears substitute) 2x daily before the surgery
Phacoemulsification surgery (PHACO)Procedure or surgery
About 0.1-0.2 mL of aqueous humor will be collected at the beginning of the cataract surgery (PHACO) through paracentesis, aqueous will then be transported in dry ice with a dedicated box to the laboratory and stored at -80C until the analysis. IL6 concentration will be analyzed with Human IL6 Quantikine Elisa kit (R\&D System).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Bromfenac | Experimental | Group 1 will receive topical bromfenac (0.9 mg/mL) 2x daily, 7 days before the surgery Receives: Drug: Bromfenac Ophthalmic 0.09% Ophthalmic Solution; Procedure: Phacoemulsification surgery (PHACO) |
| Dexamethasone | Experimental | Group 2 will receive topical dexamethasone (1mg/mL) 2x daily before the surgery Receives: Drug: Dexamethasone Ophthalmic; Procedure: Phacoemulsification surgery (PHACO) |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Group 3 will receive topical placebo (artificial tears substitute) 2x daily before the surgery Receives: Drug: Placebo; Procedure: Phacoemulsification surgery (PHACO) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Interleukin 6 concentration
IL6 concentration in aqueous humor will be analyzed with Human IL6 Quantikine Elisa kit R\&D System
Measured: up to 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Central foveal subfield thickness (CFT) measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT)
Macular thickness will be reported according to the EDTRS thickness map. Central foveal subfield thickness (CFT) corresponds to the mean macular thickness in the central 1.0 mm area measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Measured: 7 days before the surgery, on the day of the surgery, on 1, 7, 30 and 90 postoperative day
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Jun 2021
- Study start1 May 2021
- Primary completion1 Oct 2021
- Study completion1 Jan 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (21)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cystoid Macular Edema Following Cataract SurgeryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Klinički Bolnički Centar Zagreb
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Zagreb
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Andjela Jukic, Klinički Bolnički Centar Zagreb
- Investigators
- Andjela Jukic, MD, FEBO, Principal investigator, Klinički Bolnički Centar ZagrebMiro Kalauz, MD, PHD, Study director, Klinički Bolnički Centar Zagreb
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04940338
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CR ZAG 02/21 AG 8.1-16/183-2
- Status last verified
- May 2022
- First submitted
- 14 Jun 2021
- Last updated
- 20 May 2022
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Yonekawa Y, Kim IK. Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;23(1):26-32. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e32834cd5f8.
PubMed 22134362Russo A, Costagliola C, Delcassi L, Parmeggiani F, Romano MR, Dell'Omo R, Semeraro F. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for macular edema. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:476525. doi: 10.1155/2013/476525. Epub 2013 Oct 21.
PubMed 24227908Han JV, Patel DV, Squirrell D, McGhee CN. Cystoid macular oedema following cataract surgery: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019 Apr;47(3):346-356. doi: 10.1111/ceo.13513.
PubMed 30953417Flach AJ. The incidence, pathogenesis and treatment of cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1998;96:557-634. No abstract available.
PubMed 10360304Guo S, Patel S, Baumrind B, Johnson K, Levinsohn D, Marcus E, Tannen B, Roy M, Bhagat N, Zarbin M. Management of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema. Surv Ophthalmol. 2015 Mar-Apr;60(2):123-37. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.08.005. Epub 2014 Sep 2.
PubMed 25438734Chu CJ, Johnston RL, Buscombe C, Sallam AB, Mohamed Q, Yang YC; United Kingdom Pseudophakic Macular Edema Study Group. Risk Factors and Incidence of Macular Edema after Cataract Surgery: A Database Study of 81984 Eyes. Ophthalmology. 2016 Feb;123(2):316-323. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.001. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
PubMed 26681390Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, Chen SJ, Dekker JM, Fletcher A, Grauslund J, Haffner S, Hamman RF, Ikram MK, Kayama T, Klein BE, Klein R, Krishnaiah S, Mayurasakorn K, O'Hare JP, Orchard TJ, Porta M, Rema M, Roy MS, Sharma T, Shaw J, Taylor H, Tielsch JM, Varma R, Wang JJ, Wang N, West S, Xu L, Yasuda M, Zhang X, Mitchell P, Wong TY; Meta-Analysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE) Study Group. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2012 Mar;35(3):556-64. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1909. Epub 2012 Feb 1.
PubMed 22301125Kim SJ, Schoenberger SD, Thorne JE, Ehlers JP, Yeh S, Bakri SJ. Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Cataract Surgery: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2015 Nov;122(11):2159-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.014. Epub 2015 Jun 26.
PubMed 26123091Jittpoonkuson T, Garcia PM, Rosen RB. Correlation between fluorescein angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of cystoid macular edema. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010 Sep;94(9):1197-200. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2009.170589. Epub 2009 Dec 3.
PubMed 19965832Dong N, Xu B, Wang B, Chu L. Study of 27 aqueous humor cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without retinopathy. Mol Vis. 2013 Aug 4;19:1734-46. Print 2013.
PubMed 23922491Yao Y, Li R, Du J, Long L, Li X, Luo N. Interleukin-6 and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Eye Res. 2019 May;44(5):564-574. doi: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1570274. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
PubMed 30644770Funatsu H, Yamashita H, Noma H, Mimura T, Yamashita T, Hori S. Increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 in the aqueous humor of diabetics with macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 Jan;133(1):70-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(01)01269-7.
PubMed 11755841Malecaze F, Chollet P, Cavrois E, Vita N, Arne JL, Ferrara P. Role of interleukin 6 in the inflammatory response after cataract surgery. An experimental and clinical study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991 Dec;109(12):1681-3. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1991.01080120065027.
PubMed 1841575Badaro E, Novais E, Prodocimo LM, Sallum JM. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for macular edema. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:191847. doi: 10.1155/2014/191847. Epub 2014 May 14.
PubMed 24963500Eriksson U, Alm A, Bjarnhall G, Granstam E, Matsson AW. Macular edema and visual outcome following cataract surgery in patients with diabetic retinopathy and controls. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2011 Mar;249(3):349-59. doi: 10.1007/s00417-010-1484-9. Epub 2010 Sep 9.
PubMed 20827486
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 May 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Topical Corticosteroids and Topical NSAIDs Perioperatively on IL6 Levels in Aqueous Humor and on Incidence of PCME in Patients With NPDR
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04940338
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CR ZAG 02/21 AG 8.1-16/183-2
- Keywords
- Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME), Interleukin-6 (IL6), Central foveal subfield thickness (CFT), Spectral domain Optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Klinički Bolnički Centar ZagrebUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Zagreb
- Study start
- 1 May 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Oct 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jan 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Jun 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME), or Irvine-Gass syndrome, is retinal thickening of the macula, which usually develops within 3 months after surgery, with a peak incidence between 4 and 6 weeks. Despite recent improvements in surgical techniques, PCME remains one of the most common causes of visual decline following an uneventful cataract surgery. Symptoms of PCME usually are blurred vision, metamorphopsia, loss of contrast sensitivity, and central scotomas. PCME usually responds well to medical therapy or may resolve spontaneously but carries a risk of permanent vision loss or loss of contrast sensitivity. There is wide discrepancy in opinions about the most effective antiinflammatory drops for the prevention of PCME. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have attracted special interest because of higher incidence of cataract and increased risk for developing CME after cataract surgery. The optimum antiinflammatory prophylaxis for PCME in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) remains unknown.
Purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of topical bromfenac and topical dexamethasone on intraocular concentration of interleukin-6 (IL6) and the incidence of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) after cataract surgery in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).
Detailed description
There is no standardized, widely-acceptable, evidence-based prophylaxis and treatment protocols to prevent macular edema after cataract surgery (PCME).
Current leading theory of pathogenesis of PCME (Irvine Gass) involves inflammation caused by surgical trauma which induces the release of inflammatory mediators like cytokines, prostaglandins and other vasopermeability factors, which disrupt the blood-retinal barrier and cause leakage from perifoveal retinal capillaries and accumulation of extracellular fluid in outer plexiform and inner nuclear layers of the retina. Diabetes is significant risk factor for developing PCME and grows proportionately with the severity of the diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and affects one in three persons with DM. Interleukin-6 (IL6) is associated with many intraocular inflammatory diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema acting as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Levels of IL6 in aqueous humor are correlated with the severity of DR and the severity of DME. IL6 probably plays a crucial role in the development of inflammation after cataract surgery. Macular edema is usually monitored by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) which is suitable for detecting subtle macular changes as well as follow up after treatment. OCT provides an objective measurement of macular thickness that correlates well with visual impairment and can be useful in standardizing definitions of PCME.
Prevention of PCME after cataract surgery in patients with NPDR include preoperative treatment with steroids, intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors, laser treatment and topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
This randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled trial will be conducted at Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia. Ninety (90) eyes with mild to moderate NPDR (EDTRS classification) and cataract grade II nuclear/cortical or posterior subcapsular (Lens Opacities Classification System III) who will undergo phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation will be divided into three groups. Group 1 will receive topical bromfenac, group 2 will receive topical dexamethasone and group 3 will receive topical placebo, 7 days preoperatively and 3 weeks postoperatively. All patients will receive standard regimen of topical steroid-antibiotic drops postoperatively. Macular edema is defined as central foveal subfield thickness (CFT) increase of 40% from baseline. On the day of the surgery aqueous humor samples (0.1-0.2 mL) will be taken and IL6 concentration will be analyzed. Central foveal subfield thickness (CFT) will be measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and analyzed 7 days prior to surgery, on the day of the surgery and on 1, 7, 30 and 90 postoperative day.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Bromfenac | Experimental | Drug: Bromfenac Ophthalmic 0.09% Ophthalmic Solution, Procedure: Phacoemulsification surgery (PHACO)Group 1 will receive topical bromfenac (0.9 mg/mL) 2x daily, 7 days before the surgery |
| Dexamethasone | Experimental | Drug: Dexamethasone Ophthalmic, Procedure: Phacoemulsification surgery (PHACO)Group 2 will receive topical dexamethasone (1mg/mL) 2x daily before the surgery |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: Placebo, Procedure: Phacoemulsification surgery (PHACO)Group 3 will receive topical placebo (artificial tears substitute) 2x daily before the surgery |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- clinical diagnosis of mild to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (EDTRS) and
- senile cataract grade II nuclear/cortical or posterior subcapsular (LOCS III)
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- anterior segment pathology (pseudoexfoliation syndrome, corneal opacities),
- posterior segment pathology (diabetic macular edema, previous diabetic macular edema treatment, previous retinal photocoagulation therapy, age related macular degeneration, retinal vascular diseases or history of uveitis)
- intraoperative complications (posterior capsular rupture, vitreus loss, intraocular lens not implanted in the capsular bag),
- postoperative complications (leaking incision, increased intraocular pressure, corneal edema or inflammation),
- therapy for glaucoma,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Bromfenac Ophthalmic 0.09% Ophthalmic SolutionAlso: Bromfenactopical bromfenac (0.9 mg/mL) 2x daily 7 days before the surgery | Drug | Bromfenac |
| Dexamethasone OphthalmicAlso: Dexamethasonetopical dexamethasone (1 mg/mL) 2x daily 7 days before the surgery | Drug | Dexamethasone |
| Placebotopical placebo (artificial tears substitute) 2x daily before the surgery | Drug | Placebo |
| Phacoemulsification surgery (PHACO)About 0.1-0.2 mL of aqueous humor will be collected at the beginning of the cataract surgery (PHACO) through paracentesis, aqueous will then be transported in dry ice with a dedicated box to the laboratory and stored at -80C until the analysis. IL6 concentration will be analyzed with Human IL6 Quantikine Elisa kit (R\&D System). | Procedure or surgery | Bromfenac, Dexamethasone, Placebo |
Primary outcome
Interleukin 6 concentration
Time frame: up to 12 weeks
IL6 concentration in aqueous humor will be analyzed with Human IL6 Quantikine Elisa kit R\&D System
1 secondary outcome
Central foveal subfield thickness (CFT) measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT)
Time frame: 7 days before the surgery, on the day of the surgery, on 1, 7, 30 and 90 postoperative day
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 May 2022.
- Background: PubMed 22134362Yonekawa Y, Kim IK. Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;23(1):26-32. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e32834cd5f8.
- Background: PubMed 24227908Russo A, Costagliola C, Delcassi L, Parmeggiani F, Romano MR, Dell'Omo R, Semeraro F. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for macular edema. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:476525. doi: 10.1155/2013/476525. Epub 2013 Oct 21.
- Background: PubMed 30953417Han JV, Patel DV, Squirrell D, McGhee CN. Cystoid macular oedema following cataract surgery: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019 Apr;47(3):346-356. doi: 10.1111/ceo.13513.
- Background: PubMed 10360304Flach AJ. The incidence, pathogenesis and treatment of cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1998;96:557-634. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 25438734Guo S, Patel S, Baumrind B, Johnson K, Levinsohn D, Marcus E, Tannen B, Roy M, Bhagat N, Zarbin M. Management of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema. Surv Ophthalmol. 2015 Mar-Apr;60(2):123-37. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.08.005. Epub 2014 Sep 2.
- Background: PubMed 26681390Chu CJ, Johnston RL, Buscombe C, Sallam AB, Mohamed Q, Yang YC; United Kingdom Pseudophakic Macular Edema Study Group. Risk Factors and Incidence of Macular Edema after Cataract Surgery: A Database Study of 81984 Eyes. Ophthalmology. 2016 Feb;123(2):316-323. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.001. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
- Background: PubMed 22301125Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, Chen SJ, Dekker JM, Fletcher A, Grauslund J, Haffner S, Hamman RF, Ikram MK, Kayama T, Klein BE, Klein R, Krishnaiah S, Mayurasakorn K, O'Hare JP, Orchard TJ, Porta M, Rema M, Roy MS, Sharma T, Shaw J, Taylor H, Tielsch JM, Varma R, Wang JJ, Wang N, West S, Xu L, Yasuda M, Zhang X, Mitchell P, Wong TY; Meta-Analysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE) Study Group. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2012 Mar;35(3):556-64. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1909. Epub 2012 Feb 1.
- Background: PubMed 26123091Kim SJ, Schoenberger SD, Thorne JE, Ehlers JP, Yeh S, Bakri SJ. Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Cataract Surgery: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2015 Nov;122(11):2159-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.014. Epub 2015 Jun 26.
- Background: PubMed 19965832Jittpoonkuson T, Garcia PM, Rosen RB. Correlation between fluorescein angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of cystoid macular edema. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010 Sep;94(9):1197-200. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2009.170589. Epub 2009 Dec 3.
- Background: PubMed 23922491Dong N, Xu B, Wang B, Chu L. Study of 27 aqueous humor cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without retinopathy. Mol Vis. 2013 Aug 4;19:1734-46. Print 2013.
- Background: PubMed 30644770Yao Y, Li R, Du J, Long L, Li X, Luo N. Interleukin-6 and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Eye Res. 2019 May;44(5):564-574. doi: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1570274. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
- Background: PubMed 11755841Funatsu H, Yamashita H, Noma H, Mimura T, Yamashita T, Hori S. Increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 in the aqueous humor of diabetics with macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 Jan;133(1):70-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(01)01269-7.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Andjela Jukic, MD, FEBO principal investigator
Klinički Bolnički Centar Zagreb
Miro Kalauz, MD, PHD study director
Klinički Bolnički Centar Zagreb
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Bromfenac Ophthalmic 0.09% Ophthalmic Solution, Dexamethasone Ophthalmic and Phacoemulsification surgery (PHACO) in people with Cystoid Macular Edema Following Cataract Surgery, run by Klinički Bolnički Centar Zagreb at 1 site in Croatia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 May 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Croatia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Interleukin 6 concentration (time frame: up to 12 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04940338, which also lists 21 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 May 2022.