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Coronary Heart DiseaseNCT05022498

Individual Variability of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Markers and Sleep Responses to Exercise

A study testing Exercise in people with Coronary Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factor, run by Loughborough University at 1 site in United Kingdom.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The aim of this study is to examine the reproducibility of postprandial coronary heart disease (CHD) risk marker and sleep responses to acute exercise bouts and to quantify the magnitude of individual variability in responses using a replicated crossover design. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 45 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
What is being tested?
Exercise
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
20 participants
Where
1 siteUnited Kingdom
Study dates
1 Oct 2019to 13 Jul 2021
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 45 years
  • Men only
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • 18 to 45-year-old men;
  • Be able to run continuously for 1 hour;
  • Body mass index between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m2;
  • No known contradictions to maximal exertion exercise (e.g., recent musculoskeletal injury, congenital heart disease).

Who cannot join

  • Musculoskeletal injury that has affected normal ambulation within the last month;
  • Uncontrolled exercise-induced asthma;
  • Coagulation or bleeding disorders;
  • Heart conditions;
  • Diabetes (metabolism will be different to non-diabetics potentially skewing the data);
  • Taking any medication that might influence fat metabolism, blood glucose or appetite;
Show all 11Show fewer
  • Smoking (including vaping);
  • Dieting or restrained eating behaviours;
  • Weight fluctuation greater than 3 kg in the previous 3 months to study enrolment;
  • Presence of any diagnosed sleeping disorder;
  • A food allergy.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United Kingdom1 site
  • Loughborough University

    Loughborough

Other trials in United Kingdom

About this study

Official title: A Replicated Crossover Study Exploring Individual Variability of Postprandial Coronary Heart Disease Risk Markers and Sleep Quality in Response to Acute Exercise in Healthy Young Men

The aim of this study is to examine the reproducibility of postprandial coronary heart disease (CHD) risk marker and sleep responses to acute exercise bouts and to quantify the magnitude of individual variability in responses using a replicated crossover design. Healthy, recreationally active men will complete two identical rest control and two identical exercise (60 min at 60% maximum oxygen uptake) conditions in randomised sequences. Fasting and postprandial venous blood samples, arterial blood pressure and arterial stiffness measurements will be taken at pre-determined intervals, and sleep duration and quality will be assessed. Reproducibility and individual variability will be examined using bivariate correlations and linear mixed modelling.

Read the detailed description

Single bouts of exercise reduce circulating concentrations of postprandial triacylglycerol - an established independent risk marker for coronary heart disease (CHD). The exercise-induced reduction in postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations has been shown to coincide with transient changes in other CHD risk markers, including reductions in postprandial insulin, interleukin-6, arterial stiffness and resting arterial blood pressure, and exercise may also promote sleep duration and quality. Individual variability in these responses is suspected but has not been examined using robust designs and appropriate statistical models. A recent approach to quantify individual variability in the intervention response involves quantifying the participant-by-condition interaction from replicated intervention and comparator arms. Using this approach (the replicated crossover design), the present study will (i) examine whether the postprandial CHD risk marker and sleep responses to acute exercise are reproducible on repeated occasions; and (ii) determine whether there is true individual variability in postprandial CHD risk marker and sleep responses to acute exercise.

A total of 20 healthy, recreationally active men will be recruited. Participants will undertake a preliminary measures visit (visit 1) to confirm eligibility, to undergo anthropometric measurements and to determine maximum oxygen uptake. Participants will complete four, 2-day experimental conditions in randomised sequences separated by at least one week: two identical control and two identical exercise conditions. On day 1 (visits 2, 4, 6 and 8), participants will arrive fasted at 08:00 and a baseline blood sample, blood pressure and arterial stiffness measurement will be taken. Participants will consume a standardised high fat breakfast at 08:45 (0 h) and lunch at 12:45 (4 h). A second arterial stiffness measurement will be taken at 16:45 (8 h). The two control and two exercise conditions will be identical, except that participants will be asked to exercise on the treadmill for 60 minutes at 60% of their maximum oxygen uptake at 15:15 (6.5 h) in both exercise conditions. On day 2 (visits 3, 5, 7 and 9), participants will arrive fasted at 08:00 and will rest in the laboratory throughout the day in the two control and two exercise conditions. Participants will consume a standardised breakfast at 08:45 (0 h) and a standardised lunch at 12:45 (4 h). Venous blood samples will be collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7 and 8 h. Resting arterial blood pressure will be measured at hourly intervals. Arterial stiffness will be measured at 0, 2.5 and 5 h. Sleep duration and quality will be assessed for three nights before and two nights after visits 3, 5, 7 and 9 using a triaxial actigraphy watch.

Reproducibility and individual variability will be explored by correlating the two sets of response differences between exercise and control conditions. Within-participant covariate-adjusted linear mixed models will be used to quantify participant-by-condition interactions. It is hypothesised that (i) control-adjusted postprandial CHD risk marker and sleep responses to acute exercise will be reproducible; and (ii) true interindividual variability will exist in postprandial CHD risk marker and sleep responses to acute exercise beyond any random within-subject variation.

Being tested
Exercise
Medical subject headings
Coronary Disease

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • ExerciseBehavioural

    60 min treadmill exercise performed at 60% of maximum oxygen uptake.

Study groups in NCT05022498
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Control 1No interventionParticipants will rest in the laboratory on day 1 and day 2 (08:00-17:00). A high fat breakfast and lunch will be consumed on both days at pre-determined intervals.
Control 2No interventionParticipants will rest in the laboratory on day 1 and day 2 (08:00-17:00). A high fat breakfast and lunch will be consumed on both days at pre-determined intervals.
Exercise 1ExperimentalParticipants will complete 60 min of treadmill exercise on day 1 (15:15-16:15). Participants will rest in the laboratory for the remainder of day 1 and throughout day 2 (08:00-17:00). A high fat breakfast and lunch will be consumed on both days at pre-determined intervals.
Receives: Behavioral: Exercise
Exercise 2ExperimentalParticipants will complete 60 min of treadmill exercise on day 1 (15:15-16:15). Participants will rest in the laboratory for the remainder of day 1 and throughout day 2 (08:00-17:00). A high fat breakfast and lunch will be consumed on both days at pre-determined intervals.
Receives: Behavioral: Exercise

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Plasma triacylglycerol concentration

    Fasted plasma triacylglycerol concentration on day 1 and day 2. Time-averaged total area under the curve for triacylglycerol on day 2 in response to exercise and/or feeding.

    Measured: Day 1: fasted; Day 2: fasted (0 hours), 0.5 hours, 1 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours and 8 hours

Secondary outcomes (16)
  1. Plasma glucose concentration

    Fasted plasma glucose concentration on day 1 and day 2. Time-averaged total area under the curve for glucose on day 2 in response to exercise and/or feeding.

    Measured: Day 1: fasted; Day 2: fasted (0 hours), 0.5 hours, 1 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours and 8 hours

  2. Plasma insulin concentration

    Fasted plasma insulin concentration on day 1 and day 2. Time-averaged total area under the curve for insulin on day 2 in response to exercise and/or feeding.

    Measured: Day 1: fasted; Day 2: fasted (0 hours), 0.5 hours, 1 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours and 8 hours

  3. Plasma total cholesterol concentration

    Fasted plasma total cholesterol concentration on day 1 and day 2.

    Measured: Day 1: fasted; Day 2: fasted

  4. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration

    Fasted plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration on day 1 and day 2.

    Measured: Day 1: fasted; Day 2: fasted

  5. Plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration

    Fasted plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration on day 1 and day 2.

    Measured: Day 1: fasted; Day 2: fasted

  6. Plasma C-reactive protein concentration

    Fasted plasma C-reactive protein concentration on day 1 and day 2.

    Measured: Day 1: fasted; Day 2: fasted

  7. Apolipoprotein E

    Apolipoprotein E genotype at baseline.

    Measured: Day 1: fasted (baseline)

  8. Resting arterial blood pressure

    Fasted resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure on day 1 and day 2. Time-averaged total area under the curve for systolic and diastolic blood pressure on day 2 in response to exercise and/or feeding.

    Measured: Day 1: fasted; Day 2: fasted (0 hours), 1 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours and 8 hours

  9. Resting pulse wave analysis

    Time-course of resting pulse wave analysis in response to exercise and/or feeding on day 1 and day 2.

    Measured: Day 1: fasted (0 hours), 8 hours; Day 2: fasted (0 hours), 2.5 hours, 5 hours.

  10. Resting pulse wave velocity

    Time-course of resting pulse wave velocity in response to exercise and/or feeding on day 1 and day 2.

    Measured: Day 1: fasted (0 hours), 8 hours; Day 2: fasted (0 hours), 2.5 hours, 5 hours.

  11. Time in bed

    Total time in bed between 'lights out' to 'lights on'.

    Measured: 20 nights (5 nights per condition; three nights before and two nights after visits 3, 5, 7 and 9)

  12. Total sleep time

    Total time asleep between 'lights out' to 'lights on'.

    Measured: 20 nights (5 nights per condition; three nights before and two nights after visits 3, 5, 7 and 9)

  13. Actual wake time

    Total time awake after the first sleep period.

    Measured: 20 nights (5 nights per condition; three nights before and two nights after visits 3, 5, 7 and 9)

  14. Sleep onset latency

    Total time from 'lights out' to the first sleep epoch.

    Measured: 20 nights (5 nights per condition; three nights before and two nights after visits 3, 5, 7 and 9)

  15. Sleep efficiency

    Total sleep time expressed as a percentage of time in bed.

    Measured: 20 nights (5 nights per condition; three nights before and two nights after visits 3, 5, 7 and 9)

  16. Sleep fragmentation index

    Number of times that sleep is terminated after one minute expressed as a percentage of the total sleep time.

    Measured: 20 nights (5 nights per condition; three nights before and two nights after visits 3, 5, 7 and 9)

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted26 Aug 2021
  2. Study start1 Oct 2019
  3. Primary completion13 Jul 2021
  4. Study completion13 Jul 2021

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Crossover
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
20 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05022498
Sponsor's protocol ID
LU-R19-P103
Status last verified
Aug 2022
First submitted
20 Aug 2021
Last updated
17 Aug 2022
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: Anonymised individual participant data for all primary and secondary outcome measures will be made available upon request.

Publications

  • Freese EC, Gist NH, Cureton KJ. Effect of prior exercise on postprandial lipemia: an updated quantitative review. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014 Jan 1;116(1):67-75. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00623.2013. Epub 2013 Nov 7.

    PubMed 24201708
  • Ashor AW, Lara J, Siervo M, Celis-Morales C, Mathers JC. Effects of exercise modalities on arterial stiffness and wave reflection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 15;9(10):e110034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110034. eCollection 2014.

    PubMed 25333969
  • Kredlow MA, Capozzoli MC, Hearon BA, Calkins AW, Otto MW. The effects of physical activity on sleep: a meta-analytic review. J Behav Med. 2015 Jun;38(3):427-49. doi: 10.1007/s10865-015-9617-6. Epub 2015 Jan 18.

    PubMed 25596964
  • Goltz FR, Thackray AE, King JA, Dorling JL, Atkinson G, Stensel DJ. Interindividual Responses of Appetite to Acute Exercise: A Replicated Crossover Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Apr;50(4):758-768. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001504.

    PubMed 29240652
  • Goltz FR, Thackray AE, Atkinson G, Lolli L, King JA, Dorling JL, Dowejko M, Mastana S, Stensel DJ. True Interindividual Variability Exists in Postprandial Appetite Responses in Healthy Men But Is Not Moderated by the FTO Genotype. J Nutr. 2019 Jul 1;149(7):1159-1169. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz062.

    PubMed 31132105
  • Atkinson G, Batterham AM. True and false interindividual differences in the physiological response to an intervention. Exp Physiol. 2015 Jun;100(6):577-88. doi: 10.1113/EP085070. Epub 2015 May 13.

    PubMed 25823596
  • Senn S, Rolfe K, Julious SA. Investigating variability in patient response to treatment--a case study from a replicate cross-over study. Stat Methods Med Res. 2011 Dec;20(6):657-66. doi: 10.1177/0962280210379174. Epub 2010 Aug 25.

    PubMed 20739334
  • Senn S. Mastering variation: variance components and personalised medicine. Stat Med. 2016 Mar 30;35(7):966-77. doi: 10.1002/sim.6739. Epub 2015 Sep 28.

    PubMed 26415869
  • Yang Y, Thackray AE, Shen T, Alotaibi TF, Alanazi TM, Clifford T, Hartescu I, King JA, Roberts MJ, Willis SA, Lolli L, Atkinson G, Stensel DJ. A replicate crossover trial on the interindividual variability of sleep indices in response to acute exercise undertaken by healthy men. Sleep. 2025 Mar 11;48(3):zsae250. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsae250.

    PubMed 39446630
  • Shen T, Thackray AE, King JA, Alotaibi TF, Alanazi TM, Willis SA, Roberts MJ, Lolli L, Atkinson G, Stensel DJ. Are There Interindividual Responses of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Markers to Acute Exercise? A Replicate Crossover Trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2024 Jan 1;56(1):63-72. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003283. Epub 2023 Aug 30.

    PubMed 37703030

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Exercise in people with Coronary Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factor, run by Loughborough University at 1 site in United Kingdom.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Aug 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Plasma triacylglycerol concentration (time frame: Day 1: fasted; Day 2: fasted (0 hours), 0.5 hours, 1 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours and 8 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05022498, which also lists 10 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Aug 2022.

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