Postnatal Depression4MUMsNCT05046405
Home-based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Postpartum Depression: the Feasibility Study and Pilot Study
A study testing Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in people with Postnatal Depression, run by Ana Ganho Ávila.
Trial summary
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a Major Depressive (MD) Disorder occurring within the 12 months after delivery with negative effects to the mother, the child and the family and an estimated prevalence in Europe of 10-15%. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Postnatal Depression
- What is being tested?
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 50 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 2 Oct 2022to 30 Sep 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Medication-free women with moderate to severe MD episode according to the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS>7), and peripartum onset, diagnosed before delivery or between the second week and month 6 postpartum
- Between 18-45 years of age
- Pregnancy to term
- Uncomplicated delivery to a healthy newborn
- Must be able to manage the technical aspects of the intervention.
Who cannot join
- tDCS contraindications
- Previous experience with tDCS
- Mental health disorder other than unipolar depression or anxiety
- Suicidal ideation.
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet.
About this study
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a Major Depressive (MD) Disorder occurring within the 12 months after delivery with negative effects to the mother, the child and the family and an estimated prevalence in Europe of 10-15%. Non-invasive Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested to PPD, as it combines antidepressant effects with low risks, being equivalent to pharmacotherapy, and showing faster response than psychotherapy. tDCS uses a weak electric current applied to the scalp, modulating neurons' firing rate and neuroplasticity of cerebral circuits to counteract dysfunctional connectivity and inter-hemispheric imbalance in MD. tDCS portability led to its introduction as a home-based intervention and trials assessing home-based tDCS in MD were successful, proved its feasibility and showed good acceptance and benign effect in patients' self-efficacy. Hence, combining home-based tDCS with eHealth systems to support data collection and teleHealth for remote health care has shown positive results in other neuropsychiatric disorders.
To uptake tDCS to PPD, further research is needed. To pursue the needed regulatory steps, current consensus on the primary hypothesis of efficacy is that future phase-III studies must be supported by the identification of biotypes of depression and should include cost-effectiveness analysis to model its economic advantage and inform Health Technology Analysis.
4MUMs, within an iterative user-centred and co-design approach will adopt a combined intervention (home-based tDCS + eHealth system + teleHealth system) for PPD, conduct a dynamic feasibility study of the data collection procedures and intervention, and test these in a single-arm pilot study towards the first large-sample multicentre Phase-III RCT protocol aimed at testing home-based tDCS efficacy in PPD.
Read the detailed description
Study aims and endpoints:
Aim 1: Conduct a feasibility study to
- Determine the feasibility and acceptability of the combined intervention in PPD, by estimating the feasibility and acceptability of i) the home-based tDCS intervention; ii) the eHealth system; iii) the teleHealth system, by women and HP.
- Determine the feasibility and acceptability of data collection and data analysis procedures of outcome and moderator variables for efficacy studies, namely of psychological functioning of mothers and babies (including neurodevelopment), the dyad, cost-benefit, and neuroinflammatory and stress levels; specifically, acceptability and compliance with the procedures will be evaluated
- Evaluate the safety of the combined intervention in PPD
- Estimate the parameters for the protocol of the future multicentric RCT aimed to establish the efficacy of the combined intervention
Aim 2: Conduct a pilot study to
- Gather preliminary evidence of the efficacy of the combined intervention in PPD as measured by psychological functioning of mothers, babies and the dyad, neuroinflammatory and stress levels and quality of life (QoL), and the role of study moderators (genetic/epigenetic profiles of mothers and babies) in affecting main outcomes.
Study design. Feasibility studies aim to inform large RCT studies. Thus, for the feasibility study, the investigators aim to inform the practicality of the future Phase-III RCT and to unveil threats to the validity of the efficacy outcomes. Within a users'-centred approach and co-designed methodology, the investigators will assess safety, feasibility of the intervention, and feasibility of procedures for outcomes' assessment. Additionally, the investigators will estimate recruitment/retention and sample size. A consequent underpowered pilot study will be conducted following the achieved static protocol, based on the assumption that the procedures are well defined, serving the purpose of gathering preliminary information and testing the study protocol. Both the feasibility and the pilot studies will be open-label, single arm, single-site longitudinal studies.
Procedure. 4MUMS is divided in 3 stages:
Month 1-6 - Pre-feasibility study (Tasks 1-5) - 10 stakeholders (3 practitioners, 2 external expert researchers, 2 patients' representatives, 2 woman woman diagnosed with PPD will be recruited to support the identification of the steps, challenges and solutions to adapt a combined procedure to PPD in a co-design approach exploring their views/experiences with the training materials, assessment procedures and the combined intervention (tDCS + ehealth + teleHealth) using Soterix "1X1 tDCS miniCT" device, model 1601 and ELECTRA-RX (Soterix Medical Inc., NY, US).
Month 7-17 - Feasibility study (Tasks 6-12) Up to 15 medication-free women with mild-severe PPD, their babies and their perinatal Health Practitioner (HP) will be recruited. Recruitment will depend on referrals from Ob-Gyn physicians from the DGONR-CHUC. Women will be informed about 4MUMs and, after consenting, will be assessed for eligibility. Eligible women will be invited to participate and complete monthly screening assessments between the third trimester of pregnancy and up to six months after delivery using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. When positive (EPDS>10) during pregnancy, women will be asked to go on completing screening across trimesters and will be referred to their perinatal mental health (PMH) team. After delivery, these women may be included in the intervention group (IG) if EPDS>10. Women screening positive in the postpartum will be invited to enter the IG. The HP will be asked to complete acceptability questionnaires at start of the intervention and end of treatment (N=25).
tDCS protocol. tDCS electrodes will be positioned over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortexes (DLPFC), using the Omni-Lateral-Electrode system. OLE results from studies on tDCS montages in the frontal cortex, concluding that current intensity at the DLPFC can be shaped but not focused, balancing increased focality, reduced electric field variability and clinical ease-of-use. The tDCS protocol was selected from previous literature for non-resistant MD and home-based tDCS for MD and will include daily stimulation sessions (2mA, 30 minutes, across three consecutive weeks (5/week). A second tDCS cycle may be repeated if a pre-set benchmark of ≥25% improvement of PPD symptoms is not met at the end of the first cycle.
The tDCS device and the ehealth/teleHealth systems (ELECTRA-RX) are introduced to patients during at-home training. Educational materials are provided through eHealth. tDCS is self-delivered with teleHealth support ensured across the tDCS course. Both eHealth and teleHealth will be delivered through women' cell-phone connected to ELECTRA-RX.
Month 18-34 - Pilot study (Tasks 13-19). Up to 32 medication-free women with mild-severe PPD, their babies and their HP will be recruited. Recruitment, outcomes' assessment procedures and intervention will follow stage 2 adjusted protocol.
Outcomes. Feasibility outcomes will include measures of compliance, acceptability and tolerability for home-based tDCS and for assessment procedures. The multimodal approach to measure the effect of the intervention includes clinical measures of psychological functioning, mother-baby bonding, mothers' levels of neuroinflammatory and stress/cortisol, quality of life (QoL), and child neurodevelopment and temperament. The investigators will study genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications of mothers as moderators of treatment response. The study of child neuroinflammatory, stress/cortisol and epigenetic profiles will support the test of the association between neurodevelopment and mothers' clinical status.
Data analysis. 4MUMs will conduct descriptive analysis for feasibility, estimates of recruitment and retention rates. To observe intervention impact, underpowered analysis will be conducted using repeated measures ANOVA tests (T1,T2/T3/FU) for clinical symptoms, bonding, QoL, stress and neuroinflammatory levels, adjusting to covariates.
Sample size. The sample size for feasibility studies should support the estimate of critical parameters to the necessary degree of precision. For the feasibility study, the investigators will recruit up to 15 participants, until reaching the definite procedures to be tested. The sample size estimate for the pilot study is based on pervious literature, considers just the primary hypothesis of efficacy and accounts for a dropout rate of 20%. The investigators estimate 32 women, to detect an effect size of .60, with a significance alpha level of .05 and .85 power, using repeated measures ANOVA tests. In Coimbra, there are approximately 5000 births per year, which according to the lowest incidence rates in Europe, represent 450 women diagnosed with PPD, around 20% of which with previous psychiatric conditions. However, women naturally hesitate novel treatments, hence the investigators estimate an acceptance rate of 50%, leading to 180 participants/year to be contacted.
Expected results. Our results will inform the multicentred Phase-III RCT protocol in what concerns safety of the procedure, feasibility of the intervention and feasibility of the multimodal approach to measure the impact of tDCS and its moderators. Previous experience suggests that the intervention will be well accepted and tolerated, offering the first step for the development of a novel medication-free intervention, improving the quality of health services while lowering the costs for mothers, families and the health system.
- Conditions
- Postnatal Depression
- Being tested
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
- Keywords
- Depression, Postnatal, Postnatal Depression, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Feasibility study, Pilot Study
- Medical subject headings
- Depression, Postpartum, Depression
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Transcranial Direct Current StimulationDevice
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested to the peripartum period combining antidepressant effects with low risks. In tDCS a low intensity constant current is delivered to the scalp with sub-threshold effect on neurons' resting membrane potential. Long stimulation sessions lead to lasting effects and neuroplastic changes. Local tDCS effects target calcium-dependent synaptic plasticity and distal effects alter the networks' connectivity, synchronicity and oscillatory patterns. tDCS applications aim to counteract the hypoactivity of the frontoparietal network and the left sided hyperactivity of the default mode network associated with depressive symptoms.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| home-based remotely supervised tDCS | Experimental | The intervention combines home-based tDCS (1 or 2 cycles of 15 daily sessions for 3 weeks/cycle at 2 mA for 30 minutes) with tele-health for remote supervision and e-health for self-monitoring of depressive symptoms. Receives: Device: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Feasibility of the intervention - Number of completed tDCS applications
Study reports on the number of completed tDCS applications
Measured: At end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks)
Change from Baseline on the feasibility of the intervention according to patients.
The Acceptability Scale for tDCS treatments - patients version (ACCEPT-tDCS) is a 15-item self-report questionnaire on acceptability of tDCS by patients with a minimum score of 15 and a maximum score of 60. Higher scores correspond to increased acceptability.
Measured: At baseline, at end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Change across treatment and follow-up time points on the feasibility of the intervention - Compliance with symptom monitoring
Study reports on patients compliance with symptom monitoring
Measured: Weekly from week 1 to week 3 (or week 6 if 2 cycles; each cycle is 3 weeks) and at 1 month follow-up
Change across treatment and follow-up time points on the feasibility of the assessment procedures - Compliance with outcomes assessment visits
Study Reports on patients compliance with outcomes assessment visits.
Measured: At the end of treatment cycle 1 and the end of treatment cycle 2 (if 2 cycles are prescribed; each cycle is 3 weeks), and at 1 month follow-up
Change from baseline depressive symptoms.
Change across treatment and follow-up time points on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), a 10-item questionnaire to assess the presence and severity of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the prior week using a 4-point scale. Self-report questionnaire to assess depressive symptoms in the postpartum (through e-health). Scores range between 10 and 40 and higher scores correspond to increased presence/severity of depressive symptoms.
Measured: At baseline and weekly, from week 1 to week 3 (or from week 1 to week 6 if 2 cycles were prescribed) and 1 month follow-up
Secondary outcomes (23)
Change from Baseline on the feasibility of the intervention according to Health Providers
The Acceptability Scale for tDCS treatments - Halth Professionals version (ACCEPTpro-tDCS) a 15-item self-report questionnaire on acceptability of tDCS by health professionals with a minimum score of 15 and a maximum score of 60. Higher scores correspond to increased acceptability.
Measured: At baseline, at end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Feasibility of the intervention - tDCS Adverse Effects
tDCS Adverse Effects Questionnaire is a 15-item questionnaire to assess adverse effects of tDCS. Scores range between 0-75, and higher scores correspond to increased adverse effects
Measured: Daily during intervention (3 weeks or 6 weeks when adequate) and 1 month follow-up
Feasibility of the intervention -Health Technology Users' Satisfaction Survey
The survey satisfaction is a 8-item questionnaire on user's satisfaction concerning the combined intervention ranging between 0 and 40, and higher scores correspond to increased satisfaction.
Measured: At the end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Change from Baseline on the feasibility of the assessment procedures - Acceptability of outcomes assessment visits by women
Study reports on the subjective experience of mothers with outcomes assessment visits (response to an open-question).
Measured: At baseline, at the end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Change from Baseline on the feasibility of the assessment procedures - Acceptability of outcomes assessment visits (newborn-infants)
Study reports on the subjective experience of mothers on the acceptability of newborn/babies acceptability of outcomes assessment visits (response to an open-question).
Measured: At baseline, at the end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Estimate of recruitment
Study reports on recruitment
Measured: At the end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Estimate of retention
Study reports on retention
Measured: At the end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Estimate of dropouts
Study reports on dropouts
Measured: At the end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Change from Baseline in Clinical Status according to depressive symptoms.
Clinical status assessment according to Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), a self report 10-item questionnaire to assess the presence and severity of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the prior week using a 4-point scale, ranging from 0-40; higher scores mean worse clinical status
Measured: At baseline and weekly during the 3 weeks of tDCS cycle (or during 6 weeks if tDCS cycle 2 is prescribed) and at one month follow-up
Change from Baseline in Clinical Status according to anxiety symptoms
Clinical status assessment according to Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), a 7-item tool used to screen for and assess the severity of generalized anxiety disorder in the preceding 2 weeks, rated on a 4-point scale, from 0-28 where higher scores correspond to increased presence/severity of anxiety symptoms.
Measured: At baseline and weekly during the 3 weeks of tDCS cycle (or during 6 weeks if tDCS cycle 2 is prescribed) and at one month follow-up
Change from Baseline in Clinical Status according to difficulties in emotion regulation.
The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Short Form (DERS) is a 18-items questionnaire to assess difficulties in using adaptive emotional regulation strategies, using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 18 to 72, where higher scores correspond to increased difficulties.
Measured: At baseline and weekly during the 3 weeks of tDCS cycle (or during 6 weeks if tDCS cycle 2 is prescribed) and at one month follow-up
Change from Baseline in Clinical Status according to Sleep quality
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PPBQ) is a 19-item questionnaire using a 4-point likert scale to assess sleep quality and disturbance over a one-month time interval, ranging between 0-57 where higher scores correspond to decreased quality of sleep.
Measured: At baseline and weekly during the 3 weeks of tDCS cycle (or during 6 weeks if tDCS cycle 2 is prescribed) and at one month follow-up
Change from Baseline in Clinical Status according to Ruminative Thinking
The Ruminative Response Scale - Short Form7 (RRS) is a 10-item questionnaire to assess ruminative thinking, answered on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 0-30 where higher scores correspond to increased presence of ruminative thinking processes
Measured: At baseline and weekly during the 3 weeks of tDCS cycle (or during 6 weeks if tDCS cycle 2 is prescribed) and at one month follow-up
Infant and Toddler Development
The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development will be used to assess the developmental competences of infants from 1 to 42 months of age, consisting of 5 scales: Cognitive, Language, Motor, and Social-emotional and an Adaptive behaviour questionnaire that is completed by the mother. Composite scores are derived for cognitive, language, and motor development and scaled to a metric, with a mean of 100, standard deviation of 15, and range of 40 to 160.
Measured: At baseline and 1 month follow-up
Change from Baseline in bonding quality in mother-baby dyad.
The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire is a self-report 25-item questionnaire to assess early indication of disorders within mother-infant relationships, to be rated in a 5-point Likert scale. Higher scores correspond to increased dysfunction of the dyad.
Measured: At week 1, week 3 (and week 6 if two tDCS cycles where prescribed; each cycle is 3 weeks) of treatment and at 1 month follow-up.
Change from Baseline in parental stress.
Parenting Stress Index (PSI) will be used to measure the relative stress in the parent-child relationship, primarily intended for parents of children 0-3 years. The PSI consists of a 120-item test with an optional 19-item Life Stress Scale. Its scores range between 15 and 100, and higher scores correspond to increased parental stress.
Measured: At week 1, week 3 (and week 6 if two tDCS cycles where prescribed; each cycle is 3 weeks) of treatment and at 1 month follow-up.
Quality of Life according to the EuroQol five dimensions, five level questionnaire - EQ-5D-5L
The EQ-5D-5L is a widely used questionnaire in clinical trials, observational studies and other health surveys. The questionnaire consists of a visual analogue scale and five questions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or depression) with five answer alternatives each. There are 3^5 = 243 combinations of the levels, each of which can be described with a five-digit number, such that the pattern 11111, indicates the optimal health state and the pattern 55555 indicates the worse health state possible.
Measured: At baseline and 1 month follow-up
Mother epigenetic biomarkers (collected during at-home visits)
Epigenetic modifications of different neuroinflammatory genes (DNA methylation [DNAm] ) will be analysed. Saliva samples will be collected using ORAGene® (OG-500) device (for DNA extraction).
Measured: At baseline and 1 month follow-up
Mother genetic biomarkers (collected during at-home visits)
Genetic variations in the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 will be anlysed by sequencing analysis. Saliva samples will be collected using ORAGene® (OG-500) device (for DNA extraction).
Measured: At baseline
Quantification of neuroinflammatory biomarkers of mothers (collected during at-home visits)
Quantification of around 200 neuroinflammatory biomarkers will be analysed. Saliva samples will be collected using roll cotton device Salivettes (for protein analysis) and hair samples (for cortisol analysis).
Measured: At baseline and 1 month follow-up
Baby epigenetic biomarkers (collected during at-home visits)
Epigenetic modifications of different neuroinflammatory genes (DNA methylation [DNAm] ) will be analysed. Saliva samples will be collected using ORAGene® (OG-500) device (for DNA extraction).
Measured: At baseline and 1 month follow-up
Quantification of neuroinflamatory biomarkers of babies (collected during at-home visits)
Quantification of around 200 neuroinflammatory biomarkers will be analysed. Saliva samples will be collected using roll cotton device Salivettes (for protein analysis).
Measured: At baseline and 1 month follow-up
Baby genetic biomarkers (collected during at-home visits)
Genetic variations in the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 will be anlysed by sequencing analysis. Saliva samples will be collected using ORAGene® (OG-500) device (for DNA extraction).
Measured: At baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Sep 2021
- Study start2 Oct 2022 (estimated)
- Primary completion31 Jan 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Sep 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (30)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Postnatal DepressionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- Feasibility studies aim to inform large RCT studies. Thus, for the feasibility study, the investigators aim to inform the practicality of the future Phase-III RCT and to unveil threats to the validity of the efficacy outcomes. Within a users'-centred approach and co-designed methodology, the investigators will assess safety, feasibility of the intervention, and feasibility of procedures for outcomes' assessment. Additionally, the investigators will estimate recruitment/retention and sample size. A consequent underpowered pilot study will be conducted following the achieved static protocol, based on the assumption that the procedures are well defined, serving the purpose of gathering preliminary information and testing the study protocol. Both the feasibility and the pilot studies will be open-label, single arm, single-site longitudinal studies.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ana Ganho Ávila
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, EPE
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Ana Ganho Ávila, University of Coimbra
- Investigators
- Ana Ganho-Ávila, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Coimbra
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05046405
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2020.02059.CEECIND
- Other IDs
- PTDC/PSI-GER/3110/2021
- Acronym
- 4MUMs
- Status last verified
- Sep 2021
- First submitted
- 20 Jul 2021
- Last updated
- 16 Sep 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
European Parliament A8-0380/2016. (2017). European Union. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo /document/TA-8-2017-0028_EN.html
Borrione L, Bellini H, Razza LB, Avila AG, Baeken C, Brem AK, Busatto G, Carvalho AF, Chekroud A, Daskalakis ZJ, Deng ZD, Downar J, Gattaz W, Loo C, Lotufo PA, Martin MDGM, McClintock SM, O'Shea J, Padberg F, Passos IC, Salum GA, Vanderhasselt MA, Fraguas R, Bensenor I, Valiengo L, Brunoni AR. Precision non-implantable neuromodulation therapies: a perspective for the depressed brain. Braz J Psychiatry. 2020 Aug;42(4):403-419. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0741. Epub 2020 Mar 16.
PubMed 32187319Alonzo A, Fong J, Ball N, Martin D, Chand N, Loo C. Pilot trial of home-administered transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of depression. J Affect Disord. 2019 Jun 1;252:475-483. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.041. Epub 2019 Apr 10.
PubMed 31005790Riggs A, Patel V, Paneri B, Portenoy RK, Bikson M, Knotkova H. At-Home Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) With Telehealth Support for Symptom Control in Chronically-Ill Patients With Multiple Symptoms. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018 May 22;12:93. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00093. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 29872381Bennabi D, Haffen E. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): A Promising Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder? Brain Sci. 2018 May 6;8(5):81. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8050081.
PubMed 29734768Johannsen BM, Larsen JT, Laursen TM, Bergink V, Meltzer-Brody S, Munk-Olsen T. All-Cause Mortality in Women With Severe Postpartum Psychiatric Disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2016 Jun 1;173(6):635-42. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14121510. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
PubMed 26940804Molenaar NM, Kamperman AM, Boyce P, Bergink V. Guidelines on treatment of perinatal depression with antidepressants: An international review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2018 Apr;52(4):320-327. doi: 10.1177/0004867418762057. Epub 2018 Mar 5.
PubMed 29506399Kim DR, Epperson CN, Weiss AR, Wisner KL. Pharmacotherapy of postpartum depression: an update. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014 Jun;15(9):1223-34. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2014.911842. Epub 2014 Apr 29.
PubMed 24773410Sambrook Smith M, Lawrence V, Sadler E, Easter A. Barriers to accessing mental health services for women with perinatal mental illness: systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies in the UK. BMJ Open. 2019 Jan 24;9(1):e024803. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024803.
PubMed 30679296Wisner KL, Sit DK, McShea MC, Rizzo DM, Zoretich RA, Hughes CL, Eng HF, Luther JF, Wisniewski SR, Costantino ML, Confer AL, Moses-Kolko EL, Famy CS, Hanusa BH. Onset timing, thoughts of self-harm, and diagnoses in postpartum women with screen-positive depression findings. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013 May;70(5):490-8. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.87.
PubMed 23487258Rigonatti SP, Boggio PS, Myczkowski ML, Otta E, Fiquer JT, Ribeiro RB, Nitsche MA, Pascual-Leone A, Fregni F. Transcranial direct stimulation and fluoxetine for the treatment of depression. Eur Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;23(1):74-6. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.09.006. Epub 2007 Nov 19. No abstract available.
PubMed 18023968Bikson M, Grossman P, Zannou AL, Kronberg G, Truong D, Boggio P, Brunoni AR, Charvet L, Fregni F, Fritsch B, Gillick B, Hamilton RH, Hampstead BM, Kirton A, Knotkova H, Liebetanz D, Liu A, Loo C, Nitsche MA, Reis J, Richardson JD, Rotenberg A, Turkeltaub PE, Woods AJ. Response to letter to the editor: Safety of transcranial direct current stimulation: Evidence based update 2016. Brain Stimul. 2017 Sep-Oct;10(5):986-987. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.06.007. Epub 2017 Jul 12. No abstract available.
PubMed 28734680Padberg F, Kumpf U, Mansmann U, Palm U, Plewnia C, Langguth B, Zwanzger P, Fallgatter A, Nolden J, Burger M, Keeser D, Rupprecht R, Falkai P, Hasan A, Egert S, Bajbouj M. Prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as treatment for major depression: study design and methodology of a multicenter triple blind randomized placebo controlled trial (DepressionDC). Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017 Dec;267(8):751-766. doi: 10.1007/s00406-017-0769-y. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
PubMed 28246891Cole J, Bright K, Gagnon L, McGirr A. A systematic review of the safety and effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of peripartum depression. J Psychiatr Res. 2019 Aug;115:142-150. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.015. Epub 2019 May 16.
PubMed 31129438Garcia KS, Flynn P, Pierce KJ, Caudle M. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treats postpartum depression. Brain Stimul. 2010 Jan;3(1):36-41. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2009.06.001. Epub 2009 Jul 8.
PubMed 20633429
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Sep 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Home-based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Postpartum Depression: the Feasibility Study and Pilot Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05046405
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 4MUMs / 2020.02059.CEECIND
- Conditions
- Postnatal Depression
- Keywords
- Depression, Postnatal, Postnatal Depression, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Feasibility study, Pilot Study
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Ana Ganho ÁvilaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, EPE
- Study start
- 2 Oct 2022 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 31 Jan 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 16 Sep 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a Major Depressive (MD) Disorder occurring within the 12 months after delivery with negative effects to the mother, the child and the family and an estimated prevalence in Europe of 10-15%. Non-invasive Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested to PPD, as it combines antidepressant effects with low risks, being equivalent to pharmacotherapy, and showing faster response than psychotherapy. tDCS uses a weak electric current applied to the scalp, modulating neurons' firing rate and neuroplasticity of cerebral circuits to counteract dysfunctional connectivity and inter-hemispheric imbalance in MD. tDCS portability led to its introduction as a home-based intervention and trials assessing home-based tDCS in MD were successful, proved its feasibility and showed good acceptance and benign effect in patients' self-efficacy. Hence, combining home-based tDCS with eHealth systems to support data collection and teleHealth for remote health care has shown positive results in other neuropsychiatric disorders.
To uptake tDCS to PPD, further research is needed. To pursue the needed regulatory steps, current consensus on the primary hypothesis of efficacy is that future phase-III studies must be supported by the identification of biotypes of depression and should include cost-effectiveness analysis to model its economic advantage and inform Health Technology Analysis.
4MUMs, within an iterative user-centred and co-design approach will adopt a combined intervention (home-based tDCS + eHealth system + teleHealth system) for PPD, conduct a dynamic feasibility study of the data collection procedures and intervention, and test these in a single-arm pilot study towards the first large-sample multicentre Phase-III RCT protocol aimed at testing home-based tDCS efficacy in PPD.
Detailed description
Study aims and endpoints:
Aim 1: Conduct a feasibility study to
- Determine the feasibility and acceptability of the combined intervention in PPD, by estimating the feasibility and acceptability of i) the home-based tDCS intervention; ii) the eHealth system; iii) the teleHealth system, by women and HP.
- Determine the feasibility and acceptability of data collection and data analysis procedures of outcome and moderator variables for efficacy studies, namely of psychological functioning of mothers and babies (including neurodevelopment), the dyad, cost-benefit, and neuroinflammatory and stress levels; specifically, acceptability and compliance with the procedures will be evaluated
- Evaluate the safety of the combined intervention in PPD
- Estimate the parameters for the protocol of the future multicentric RCT aimed to establish the efficacy of the combined intervention
Aim 2: Conduct a pilot study to
- Gather preliminary evidence of the efficacy of the combined intervention in PPD as measured by psychological functioning of mothers, babies and the dyad, neuroinflammatory and stress levels and quality of life (QoL), and the role of study moderators (genetic/epigenetic profiles of mothers and babies) in affecting main outcomes.
Study design. Feasibility studies aim to inform large RCT studies. Thus, for the feasibility study, the investigators aim to inform the practicality of the future Phase-III RCT and to unveil threats to the validity of the efficacy outcomes. Within a users'-centred approach and co-designed methodology, the investigators will assess safety, feasibility of the intervention, and feasibility of procedures for outcomes' assessment. Additionally, the investigators will estimate recruitment/retention and sample size. A consequent underpowered pilot study will be conducted following the achieved static protocol, based on the assumption that the procedures are well defined, serving the purpose of gathering preliminary information and testing the study protocol. Both the feasibility and the pilot studies will be open-label, single arm, single-site longitudinal studies.
Procedure. 4MUMS is divided in 3 stages:
Month 1-6 - Pre-feasibility study (Tasks 1-5) - 10 stakeholders (3 practitioners, 2 external expert researchers, 2 patients' representatives, 2 woman woman diagnosed with PPD will be recruited to support the identification of the steps, challenges and solutions to adapt a combined procedure to PPD in a co-design approach exploring their views/experiences with the training materials, assessment procedures and the combined intervention (tDCS + ehealth + teleHealth) using Soterix "1X1 tDCS miniCT" device, model 1601 and ELECTRA-RX (Soterix Medical Inc., NY, US).
Month 7-17 - Feasibility study (Tasks 6-12) Up to 15 medication-free women with mild-severe PPD, their babies and their perinatal Health Practitioner (HP) will be recruited. Recruitment will depend on referrals from Ob-Gyn physicians from the DGONR-CHUC. Women will be informed about 4MUMs and, after consenting, will be assessed for eligibility. Eligible women will be invited to participate and complete monthly screening assessments between the third trimester of pregnancy and up to six months after delivery using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. When positive (EPDS>10) during pregnancy, women will be asked to go on completing screening across trimesters and will be referred to their perinatal mental health (PMH) team. After delivery, these women may be included in the intervention group (IG) if EPDS>10. Women screening positive in the postpartum will be invited to enter the IG. The HP will be asked to complete acceptability questionnaires at start of the intervention and end of treatment (N=25).
tDCS protocol. tDCS electrodes will be positioned over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortexes (DLPFC), using the Omni-Lateral-Electrode system. OLE results from studies on tDCS montages in the frontal cortex, concluding that current intensity at the DLPFC can be shaped but not focused, balancing increased focality, reduced electric field variability and clinical ease-of-use. The tDCS protocol was selected from previous literature for non-resistant MD and home-based tDCS for MD and will include daily stimulation sessions (2mA, 30 minutes, across three consecutive weeks (5/week). A second tDCS cycle may be repeated if a pre-set benchmark of ≥25% improvement of PPD symptoms is not met at the end of the first cycle.
The tDCS device and the ehealth/teleHealth systems (ELECTRA-RX) are introduced to patients during at-home training. Educational materials are provided through eHealth. tDCS is self-delivered with teleHealth support ensured across the tDCS course. Both eHealth and teleHealth will be delivered through women' cell-phone connected to ELECTRA-RX.
Month 18-34 - Pilot study (Tasks 13-19). Up to 32 medication-free women with mild-severe PPD, their babies and their HP will be recruited. Recruitment, outcomes' assessment procedures and intervention will follow stage 2 adjusted protocol.
Outcomes. Feasibility outcomes will include measures of compliance, acceptability and tolerability for home-based tDCS and for assessment procedures. The multimodal approach to measure the effect of the intervention includes clinical measures of psychological functioning, mother-baby bonding, mothers' levels of neuroinflammatory and stress/cortisol, quality of life (QoL), and child neurodevelopment and temperament. The investigators will study genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications of mothers as moderators of treatment response. The study of child neuroinflammatory, stress/cortisol and epigenetic profiles will support the test of the association between neurodevelopment and mothers' clinical status.
Data analysis. 4MUMs will conduct descriptive analysis for feasibility, estimates of recruitment and retention rates. To observe intervention impact, underpowered analysis will be conducted using repeated measures ANOVA tests (T1,T2/T3/FU) for clinical symptoms, bonding, QoL, stress and neuroinflammatory levels, adjusting to covariates.
Sample size. The sample size for feasibility studies should support the estimate of critical parameters to the necessary degree of precision. For the feasibility study, the investigators will recruit up to 15 participants, until reaching the definite procedures to be tested. The sample size estimate for the pilot study is based on pervious literature, considers just the primary hypothesis of efficacy and accounts for a dropout rate of 20%. The investigators estimate 32 women, to detect an effect size of .60, with a significance alpha level of .05 and .85 power, using repeated measures ANOVA tests. In Coimbra, there are approximately 5000 births per year, which according to the lowest incidence rates in Europe, represent 450 women diagnosed with PPD, around 20% of which with previous psychiatric conditions. However, women naturally hesitate novel treatments, hence the investigators estimate an acceptance rate of 50%, leading to 180 participants/year to be contacted.
Expected results. Our results will inform the multicentred Phase-III RCT protocol in what concerns safety of the procedure, feasibility of the intervention and feasibility of the multimodal approach to measure the impact of tDCS and its moderators. Previous experience suggests that the intervention will be well accepted and tolerated, offering the first step for the development of a novel medication-free intervention, improving the quality of health services while lowering the costs for mothers, families and the health system.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- Feasibility studies aim to inform large RCT studies. Thus, for the feasibility study, the investigators aim to inform the practicality of the future Phase-III RCT and to unveil threats to the validity of the efficacy outcomes. Within a users'-centred approach and co-designed methodology, the investigators will assess safety, feasibility of the intervention, and feasibility of procedures for outcomes' assessment. Additionally, the investigators will estimate recruitment/retention and sample size. A consequent underpowered pilot study will be conducted following the achieved static protocol, based on the assumption that the procedures are well defined, serving the purpose of gathering preliminary information and testing the study protocol. Both the feasibility and the pilot studies will be open-label, single arm, single-site longitudinal studies.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| home-based remotely supervised tDCS | Experimental | Device: Transcranial Direct Current StimulationThe intervention combines home-based tDCS (1 or 2 cycles of 15 daily sessions for 3 weeks/cycle at 2 mA for 30 minutes) with tele-health for remote supervision and e-health for self-monitoring of depressive symptoms. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Medication-free women with moderate to severe MD episode according to the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS>7), and peripartum onset, diagnosed before delivery or between the second week and month 6 postpartum
- Between 18-45 years of age
- Pregnancy to term
- Uncomplicated delivery to a healthy newborn
- Must be able to manage the technical aspects of the intervention.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- tDCS contraindications
- Previous experience with tDCS
- Mental health disorder other than unipolar depression or anxiety
- Suicidal ideation.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Transcranial Direct Current StimulationTranscranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested to the peripartum period combining antidepressant effects with low risks. In tDCS a low intensity constant current is delivered to the scalp with sub-threshold effect on neurons' resting membrane potential. Long stimulation sessions lead to lasting effects and neuroplastic changes. Local tDCS effects target calcium-dependent synaptic plasticity and distal effects alter the networks' connectivity, synchronicity and oscillatory patterns. tDCS applications aim to counteract the hypoactivity of the frontoparietal network and the left sided hyperactivity of the default mode network associated with depressive symptoms. | Device | home-based remotely supervised tDCS |
Primary outcome
Feasibility of the intervention - Number of completed tDCS applications
Time frame: At end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks)
Study reports on the number of completed tDCS applications
Change from Baseline on the feasibility of the intervention according to patients.
Time frame: At baseline, at end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
The Acceptability Scale for tDCS treatments - patients version (ACCEPT-tDCS) is a 15-item self-report questionnaire on acceptability of tDCS by patients with a minimum score of 15 and a maximum score of 60. Higher scores correspond to increased acceptability.
Change across treatment and follow-up time points on the feasibility of the intervention - Compliance with symptom monitoring
Time frame: Weekly from week 1 to week 3 (or week 6 if 2 cycles; each cycle is 3 weeks) and at 1 month follow-up
Study reports on patients compliance with symptom monitoring
Change across treatment and follow-up time points on the feasibility of the assessment procedures - Compliance with outcomes assessment visits
Time frame: At the end of treatment cycle 1 and the end of treatment cycle 2 (if 2 cycles are prescribed; each cycle is 3 weeks), and at 1 month follow-up
Study Reports on patients compliance with outcomes assessment visits.
Change from baseline depressive symptoms.
Time frame: At baseline and weekly, from week 1 to week 3 (or from week 1 to week 6 if 2 cycles were prescribed) and 1 month follow-up
Change across treatment and follow-up time points on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), a 10-item questionnaire to assess the presence and severity of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the prior week using a 4-point scale. Self-report questionnaire to assess depressive symptoms in the postpartum (through e-health). Scores range between 10 and 40 and higher scores correspond to increased presence/severity of depressive symptoms.
23 secondary outcomes
Change from Baseline on the feasibility of the intervention according to Health Providers
Time frame: At baseline, at end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Feasibility of the intervention - tDCS Adverse Effects
Time frame: Daily during intervention (3 weeks or 6 weeks when adequate) and 1 month follow-up
Feasibility of the intervention -Health Technology Users' Satisfaction Survey
Time frame: At the end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Change from Baseline on the feasibility of the assessment procedures - Acceptability of outcomes assessment visits by women
Time frame: At baseline, at the end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Change from Baseline on the feasibility of the assessment procedures - Acceptability of outcomes assessment visits (newborn-infants)
Time frame: At baseline, at the end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Estimate of recruitment
Time frame: At the end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Estimate of retention
Time frame: At the end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Estimate of dropouts
Time frame: At the end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks) and 1 month follow-up.
Change from Baseline in Clinical Status according to depressive symptoms.
Time frame: At baseline and weekly during the 3 weeks of tDCS cycle (or during 6 weeks if tDCS cycle 2 is prescribed) and at one month follow-up
Change from Baseline in Clinical Status according to anxiety symptoms
Time frame: At baseline and weekly during the 3 weeks of tDCS cycle (or during 6 weeks if tDCS cycle 2 is prescribed) and at one month follow-up
Change from Baseline in Clinical Status according to difficulties in emotion regulation.
Time frame: At baseline and weekly during the 3 weeks of tDCS cycle (or during 6 weeks if tDCS cycle 2 is prescribed) and at one month follow-up
Change from Baseline in Clinical Status according to Sleep quality
Time frame: At baseline and weekly during the 3 weeks of tDCS cycle (or during 6 weeks if tDCS cycle 2 is prescribed) and at one month follow-up
Change from Baseline in Clinical Status according to Ruminative Thinking
Time frame: At baseline and weekly during the 3 weeks of tDCS cycle (or during 6 weeks if tDCS cycle 2 is prescribed) and at one month follow-up
Infant and Toddler Development
Time frame: At baseline and 1 month follow-up
Change from Baseline in bonding quality in mother-baby dyad.
Time frame: At week 1, week 3 (and week 6 if two tDCS cycles where prescribed; each cycle is 3 weeks) of treatment and at 1 month follow-up.
Change from Baseline in parental stress.
Time frame: At week 1, week 3 (and week 6 if two tDCS cycles where prescribed; each cycle is 3 weeks) of treatment and at 1 month follow-up.
Quality of Life according to the EuroQol five dimensions, five level questionnaire - EQ-5D-5L
Time frame: At baseline and 1 month follow-up
Mother epigenetic biomarkers (collected during at-home visits)
Time frame: At baseline and 1 month follow-up
Mother genetic biomarkers (collected during at-home visits)
Time frame: At baseline
Quantification of neuroinflammatory biomarkers of mothers (collected during at-home visits)
Time frame: At baseline and 1 month follow-up
Baby epigenetic biomarkers (collected during at-home visits)
Time frame: At baseline and 1 month follow-up
Quantification of neuroinflamatory biomarkers of babies (collected during at-home visits)
Time frame: At baseline and 1 month follow-up
Baby genetic biomarkers (collected during at-home visits)
Time frame: At baseline
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Sep 2021.
- BackgroundEuropean Parliament A8-0380/2016. (2017). European Union. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo /document/TA-8-2017-0028_EN.html
- Background: PubMed 32187319Borrione L, Bellini H, Razza LB, Avila AG, Baeken C, Brem AK, Busatto G, Carvalho AF, Chekroud A, Daskalakis ZJ, Deng ZD, Downar J, Gattaz W, Loo C, Lotufo PA, Martin MDGM, McClintock SM, O'Shea J, Padberg F, Passos IC, Salum GA, Vanderhasselt MA, Fraguas R, Bensenor I, Valiengo L, Brunoni AR. Precision non-implantable neuromodulation therapies: a perspective for the depressed brain. Braz J Psychiatry. 2020 Aug;42(4):403-419. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0741. Epub 2020 Mar 16.
- Background: PubMed 31005790Alonzo A, Fong J, Ball N, Martin D, Chand N, Loo C. Pilot trial of home-administered transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of depression. J Affect Disord. 2019 Jun 1;252:475-483. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.041. Epub 2019 Apr 10.
- Background: PubMed 29872381Riggs A, Patel V, Paneri B, Portenoy RK, Bikson M, Knotkova H. At-Home Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) With Telehealth Support for Symptom Control in Chronically-Ill Patients With Multiple Symptoms. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018 May 22;12:93. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00093. eCollection 2018.
- Background: PubMed 29734768Bennabi D, Haffen E. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): A Promising Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder? Brain Sci. 2018 May 6;8(5):81. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8050081.
- Background: PubMed 26940804Johannsen BM, Larsen JT, Laursen TM, Bergink V, Meltzer-Brody S, Munk-Olsen T. All-Cause Mortality in Women With Severe Postpartum Psychiatric Disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2016 Jun 1;173(6):635-42. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14121510. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
- Background: PubMed 29506399Molenaar NM, Kamperman AM, Boyce P, Bergink V. Guidelines on treatment of perinatal depression with antidepressants: An international review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2018 Apr;52(4):320-327. doi: 10.1177/0004867418762057. Epub 2018 Mar 5.
- Background: PubMed 24773410Kim DR, Epperson CN, Weiss AR, Wisner KL. Pharmacotherapy of postpartum depression: an update. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014 Jun;15(9):1223-34. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2014.911842. Epub 2014 Apr 29.
- Background: PubMed 30679296Sambrook Smith M, Lawrence V, Sadler E, Easter A. Barriers to accessing mental health services for women with perinatal mental illness: systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies in the UK. BMJ Open. 2019 Jan 24;9(1):e024803. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024803.
- Background: PubMed 23487258Wisner KL, Sit DK, McShea MC, Rizzo DM, Zoretich RA, Hughes CL, Eng HF, Luther JF, Wisniewski SR, Costantino ML, Confer AL, Moses-Kolko EL, Famy CS, Hanusa BH. Onset timing, thoughts of self-harm, and diagnoses in postpartum women with screen-positive depression findings. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013 May;70(5):490-8. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.87.
- Background: PubMed 18023968Rigonatti SP, Boggio PS, Myczkowski ML, Otta E, Fiquer JT, Ribeiro RB, Nitsche MA, Pascual-Leone A, Fregni F. Transcranial direct stimulation and fluoxetine for the treatment of depression. Eur Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;23(1):74-6. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.09.006. Epub 2007 Nov 19. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 28734680Bikson M, Grossman P, Zannou AL, Kronberg G, Truong D, Boggio P, Brunoni AR, Charvet L, Fregni F, Fritsch B, Gillick B, Hamilton RH, Hampstead BM, Kirton A, Knotkova H, Liebetanz D, Liu A, Loo C, Nitsche MA, Reis J, Richardson JD, Rotenberg A, Turkeltaub PE, Woods AJ. Response to letter to the editor: Safety of transcranial direct current stimulation: Evidence based update 2016. Brain Stimul. 2017 Sep-Oct;10(5):986-987. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.06.007. Epub 2017 Jul 12. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ana Ganho-Ávila, PhD principal investigator
University of Coimbra
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in people with Postnatal Depression, run by Ana Ganho Ávila.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Sep 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Ana Ganho-Ávila, PhD (00351968106007, ganhoavila@fpce.uc.pt), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Feasibility of the intervention - Number of completed tDCS applications (time frame: At end of treatment (cycle 1 or 2; each cycle is 3 weeks)). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05046405, which also lists 30 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Sep 2021.