Heart FailureAIM HIGHerNCT05064709
Assessment of CCM in HF With Higher Ejection Fraction
A study testing Cardiac Contractility Modulation Therapy via OPTIMIZER™ Smart Mini System and OPTIMIZER™ Smart Mini System in people with Heart Failure and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction, run by Impulse Dynamics at 67 sites in United States.
Trial summary
The AIM HIGHer Clinical Trial will evaluate the safety and efficacy of Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM) therapy in patients with heart failure with LVEF ≥40% and ≤70%. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Heart Failure, Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction, Heart Failure With Mid Range Ejection Fraction
- What is being tested?
- Cardiac Contractility Modulation Therapy via OPTIMIZER™ Smart Mini System and OPTIMIZER™ Smart Mini System
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 1,500 participants
- Where
- 67 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 3 Feb 2022to 1 Feb 2029
- Phase
- Interventional
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Signed and dated informed consent form;
- Male or non-pregnant female, 18 years or older;
- Diagnosed with symptomatic heart failure;
- LVEF ≥40 and ≤70% (as assessed by site echo). A historical echo within 60 days of consent may be used for baseline. Ultrafiltration should not be performed within 30 days of echo;
- Subjects must meet at least one of the four following criteria:
- Heart failure admission (primary or secondary) within 12 months prior to study consent OR heart failure visit requiring IV therapy OR treated with outpatient Furoscix OR intensification of oral diuresis within 6 months prior to study consent II. PCWP > 15 mmHg up to 6 months prior to consent or within 30 days following consent III. IPAP reading of mean pressure ≥ 22 mmHg in 2 or more readings within 30 days of consent, or 3 or more readings within 60 days across different days, with a sensor implanted ≥ 3 months before first reading
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- Natriuretic peptide value (NTproBNP or BNP) should meet or exceed the value below, depending on the presenting rhythm:
- Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR): NTproBNP (pg/ml) ≥ 150 or BNP (pg/ml) ≥ 50
- Atrial Tachyarrhythmia (AT): NTproBNP (pg/ml) ≥ 450 or BNP (pg/ml) ≥ 150
- Historical natriuretic peptide values within 6 months of consent may be used if subject is in NSR. Subjects in AT on baseline ECG must have natriuretic peptide values collected post-consent.
- Subjects must meet one of the following conditions:
- Have stable, scheduled oral loop diuretic treatment (not just PRN) for a minimum of 30 days before providing study consent unless there is a documented allergy or intolerance. Spironolactone used as a diuretic for patients who cannot tolerate oral loop diuretic is an acceptable alternative.
- Eligibility for enrollment is maintained for patients on an SGLT2 inhibitor without prescribed concurrent standing loop diuretic therapy if investigators provide instructions for a flexible PRN diuretic regimen (deemed appropriate by the clinician in response to symptoms or weight gain) Note: Stable is defined as no more than a 100% increase or 50% decrease in dose within the last 30 days. A one-time hold of diuretic dosing for 24 hours during the 30-day period is allowed and not an exclusionary event.
Who cannot join
- Resting ventricular rate <50 or >110 bpm;
- Resting systolic blood pressure <100 or ≥160 mmHg;
- BMI greater than 46
- Any severe valvular stenotic disease or any severe valvular regurgitation;
- Mechanical tricuspid valve;
- Complex congenital heart disease;
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- Diagnosis of any of the following conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, contributes significantly to the primary symptoms of exercise intolerance: angina, significant pulmonary disease, or currently requires 24-hour home oxygen use or scheduled oral steroids, peripheral vascular disease, orthopedic or rheumatologic conditions;
- Unable to walk at least 100 meters or walks more than 450 meters during a 6MWT;
- A KCCQ CCS score higher than 85;
- Infiltrative/restrictive (e.g., amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, Fabry, or radiation-induced heart disease), eccentric LV hypertrophy or inflammatory cardiomyopathy as documented in the medical record;
- Unstable angina pectoris within 30 days prior to study consent;
- Receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT); NOTE: Subjects with active/ongoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implanted more than one year ago are eligible for inclusion if they are currently classified as NYHA class III or higher.
- Scheduled for a cardiac surgery or a percutaneous cardiac intervention (PCI) or have undergone cardiac surgery within 90 days or a PCI procedure within 30 days prior to study consent;
- Myocardial infarction within 90 days prior to study consent;
- Prior heart transplant or ventricular assist device;
- Planning to become pregnant during the study;
- Dialysis (permanent) or GFR <15 ml/min/1.73m2;
- Participating in another investigational drug or device study that may interfere with the interpretation of study data;
- Currently undergoing active chemotherapeutic and/or radiation treatment for cancer or has a history of chemotherapy during the 2-year period prior to study consent;
- Expected lifespan of less than 18 months from time of study consent;
- Unable to follow through study protocol for any reasons (social support, incarceration, mental illness etc.) in the investigator's judgement.
- Insurance denial (after all attempts and appeals have been exhausted, and prior-authorization services utilized, if applicable)
Trial locations and contacts
67 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
67 sites in 1 country
United States67 sites, 65 recruiting
- Recruiting
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48113
Kirsta Bray, kibray@med.umich.edu
Thomas Crawford, MD
- Recruiting
Ascension Seton
Austin, Texas, 78723
Sarah Benedict, sarah.benedict@ascension.org
- Recruiting
Austin Heart
Austin, Texas, 78756
Mary Fraser, Mary.Fraser@hcahealthcare.com
- Recruiting
Grandview Medical Group Research, LLC
Birmingham, Alabama, 35243
Lauren Bryant, 2059717553, lauren.bryant@grandviewhealth.com
- Recruiting
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
Chinemerem Nwokemodo-Ihejirika, cnwokemodo-ihejirika@mgh.harvard.edu
- Recruiting
Bryn Mawr Medical Specialists Association
Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, 19010
Morgan Battiste, mbattiste@bmmsa.com
- Recruiting
Buffalo General
Buffalo, New York, 14203
Courtney Bishop, 716-888-4859, cabishop@buffalo.edu
Robert Cimato, MD, PhD
- Recruiting
Our Lady of Lourdes
Camden, New Jersey, 08103
Marisa Brown, 8563551226, mbrown3@virtua.org
- Recruiting
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
Barbara Gus, gusb@ccf.org
- Recruiting
Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
Columbus, Ohio, 43210
Maeve McLoughlin, 6142924084, maeve.mcloughlin@osumc.edu
- Recruiting
OhioHealth Research Institute
Columbus, Ohio, 43214
Reem (Mimi) Bekheet, reem.bekheet@ohiohealth.com
- Recruiting
Nouvelle Clinical Research LLC
Cutler Bay, Florida, 33189
Alexander Cabrera, acabrera@nouvelleclinicalresearch.com
Nilda Cespedes, ncespedes@nouvelleclinicalresearch.com
- Recruiting
Baylor Scott and White Research Institute
Dallas, Texas, 75204
Tein Luu, 2148651685 ext. 481685, tein.luu@bswhealth.org
- Recruiting
Nuvance Health - Danbury Hospital
Danbury, Connecticut, 06810
Tricia Landi, tricia.landi@nuvancehealth.org
- Recruiting
Henry Ford St. John Hospital
Detroit, Michigan, 48236
Renee Bess, renee.bess@ascension.org
- Recruiting
Baylor Scott White- All Saints- Fort Worth
Fort Worth, Texas, 76104
Felicity Vaughan, 8179222575, felicity.vaughan@bswhealth.org
- Recruiting
Medical City Fort Worth Hospital
Fort Worth, Texas, 76104
Jessica Blades, Jessica.Blades@HCAhealthcare.com
Brenda Tapia, Brenda.Tapia@HCAhealthcare.com
- Recruiting
Northeast Georgia Health System
Gainesville, Georgia, 30501
Donna Patrick, 678-989-5001, donna.patrick@nghs.com
- Recruiting
The Stern Cardiovascular Foundation
Germantown, Tennessee, 38138
Kristen Page, kristen.page@sterncardio.com
Kari Fondren, kari.fondren@sterncardio.com
- Recruiting
Prisma Health Upstate
Greenville, South Carolina, 29601
Kenneth Alfieri, 8644557793, Kenneth.alfieri@prismahelath.org
- Recruiting
Cooper Hospital- Cardiovascular Associates of Delaware Valley
Haddon Heights, New Jersey, 08035
Erin Siderio, 8565822000 ext. 5207, esiderio@hearthousenj.com
- Recruiting
Hartford Healthcare
Hartford, Connecticut, 06103
Jennifer Rossi, jennifer.rossi@hhchealth.org
- Recruiting
Penn State Hershey Medical City
Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033
Lisa Fox, lfox5@pennstatehealth.psu.edu
- Recruiting
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas, 77030
Stephen Harold, harold@bcm.edu
- Recruiting
Houston Methodist
Houston, Texas, 77030
Deborah Barr, ddbarr@houstonmethodist.org
- Recruiting
Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center
Houston, Texas, 77030
Lawana Self, Lawana.self@uth.tmc.edu
Isabella Lefebvre, Isabella.n.candelaria@uth.tmc.edu
- Recruiting
Ascension Medical Group St. Vincent
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46260
Sabrina Rotondo, sabrina.rotondo@ascension.org
- Recruiting
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
Trisha Elliott, trisha-elliott@uiowa.edu
- Recruiting
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas, 66160
Quratulain (Annie) Mushtaq, 9139456488, qmushtaq@kumc.edu
- Recruiting
St. Lukes Hospital Kansas City (Mid America Heart Institute)
Kansas City, Missouri, 64111
Amanda Huffman, ahuffman@saint-lukes.org
- Recruiting
University of California San Diego
La Jolla, California, 92093
Kendell Oliver, k4oliver@health.ucsd.edu
- Recruiting
Baptist Health Lexington
Lexington, Kentucky, 40503
Kristie Schneider, 8592606429, kschneid@bhsi.com
- Recruiting
Bryan Heart
Lincoln, Nebraska, 68506
Nicci Thompson, nicci.thompson@bryanheart.com
- Recruiting
USC Keck School of Medicine
Los Angeles, California, 90033
Melissa Ramos, melissa.ramos@med.usc.edu
Silvia Perez, silvia.perez@med.usc.edu
- Recruiting
Cedars Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, California, 90048
Goran Stankovic, goran.stankovic@cshs.org
- Withdrawn
Catholic Medical Center
Manchester, New Hampshire, 03102
- Recruiting
CardioVascular Associates of Mesa
Mesa, Arizona, 85206
Adam Gitkin, 4806415400 ext. 2107, agitkin@cvam.com
- Recruiting
Southwest Cardiovascular Associates
Mesa, Arizona, 85208
Kim Helgeson, 4809454343 ext. 244, khelgeson@swcva.com
- Recruiting
Baptist Health South Florida
Miami, Florida, 33176
Jetsenea Coto, 7865962421, jetseneac@baptisthealth.net
- Recruiting
Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55407
Efrah Hussein, 612-863-0666, jessica.whelan@allina.com
- Recruiting
Atlantic Health System- Morristown Medical Center
Morristown, New Jersey, 07960
Diane Agar, 9739714205, diane.agar@atlantichealth.org
- Recruiting
Valley Clinical Trials- Northridge
Northridge, California, 91325
Haydee Gutierrez, haydee@valleyclinicaltrials.com
- Recruiting
AdventHealth Orlando
Orlando, Florida, 32803
Chanti Garvey, chantie.garvey@adventhealth.com
- Recruiting
Clinical One Research
Orlando, Florida, 32807
Joseniesse Figueroa, jfigueroa@revivalclinical.com
- Recruiting
Penn Presbyterian Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6061
Katie Shoemaker, katie.shoemaker@pennmedicine.upenn.edu
- Recruiting
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
Emily Marvel, emily.marvel@pennmedicine.upenn.edu
- Recruiting
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107
Blaire Cain, 484-756-0929, blaire.cain@jefferson.edu
Susan Joseph, MD
- Recruiting
Temple University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
Kriti Rawat, kriti.rawat@temple.edu
- Withdrawn
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
- Recruiting
Allegheny General Hospital
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15212
Kelly Kuniak, Kelly.kuniak4@ahn.org
- Recruiting
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
Traci McGaha, mcgahatl4@upmc.edu
- Recruiting
AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center
Pomona, New Jersey, 08240
Jackie White, 609-652-3550, jmwhite@atlanticare.org
Alison Hallam, 609-652-3550, ahallam@atlanticare.org
- Recruiting
Providence Heart & Vascular
Portland, Oregon, 97225
Sarah Jackson, sarah.jackson3@providence.org
- Recruiting
Nuvance Health - Heart & Vascular Institute/Hudson Valley Cardiovascular Practice, PC
Poughkeepsie, New York, 12601
Tricia Landi, 845-473-8675, tricia.landi@nuvancehealth.org
- Recruiting
Sequoia Hospital
Redwood City, California, 94062
Juanita Fujii, juanita.fujii@commonspirit.org
- Recruiting
Bon Secours St. Mary's
Richmond, Virginia, 23226
Janet Barrett, 804-794-6400, janet_barrett@bshsi.org
LaVone Smith, MD
- Recruiting
HonorHealth
Scottsdale, Arizona, 85258
Rachel Hultman, rhultman@honorhealth.com
- Recruiting
Swedish Medical Center
Seattle, Washington, 98122
Michelle Garcia, michelle.garcia@swedish.org
- Recruiting
North Central Heart
Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57108
Robin Farley, rfarley@ncheart.com
Ovar Jonsson, MD, FACC
- Recruiting
Ascension Providence Hospital
Southfield, Michigan, 48075
Candice Edillo, candice.edillo@ascension.org
- Recruiting
Oklahoma Heart Institute
Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104
Colene Holland son, colene.hollandson@oklahomaheart.com
Miriam Brooks, miriam.brooks@oklahomaheart.com
- Recruiting
St. Francis Hospital - Tulsa
Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74136
Riley Pritzlaff, 918-502-1606, rpritzlaff@saintfrancis.com
- Recruiting
Pima Heart and Vascular
Tuscon, Arizona, 85712
Monica Varela, 5203294139, monica.varela@pimaheartandvascular.com
- Recruiting
Peace Health
Vancouver, Washington, 98664
Nancy Fitch, nfitch@peacehealth.org
- Recruiting
MercyOne Iowa Heart
West Des Moines, Iowa, 50266
Cayla Garner, cayla.barnhart@commonspirit.org
- Recruiting
Cleveland Clinic Foundation - Florida Weston Hospital
Weston, Florida, 33326
Maria Mejia Gomez, MEJIAGM@ccf.org
- Recruiting
Trinity health- Michigan Heart
Ypsilanti, Michigan, 48197
Autumn Howe, ahowe@michiganheart.com
About this study
Official title: Assessment of Implantable CCM in the Heart Failure Group With Higher Ejection Fraction
The AIM HIGHer Clinical Trial will evaluate the safety and efficacy of Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM) therapy in patients with heart failure with LVEF ≥40% and ≤70%.
Read the detailed description
The AIM HIGHer Clinical Trial is a prospective, multi-center, randomized, quadruple-blind, sham-controlled, two-part embedded trial of the safety and efficacy of CCM therapy delivered via the OPTIMIZER Smart Mini System in subjects with heart failure and an LVEF ≥40% and ≤70%. Subjects will be enrolled at approximately 150 sites in the US and 75 sites OUS.
All subjects will undergo screening and baseline testing; all eligible subjects will be implanted with the Optimizer System. Subjects will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either CCM ON (CCM group) or to CCM OFF (Sham group). The trial will be blinded to the treatment assignment of the device for 18-months. Subjects in the Sham group will have CCM turned ON after completion of the 18-month study visit. Subjects enrolled during Part I (450 subjects) of the trial will continue follow-up through the end of Part II (up to an additional 1,050) and contribute data to both parts of the trial. Each part of the trial is distinguished by a separate scientific purpose. The specific purpose of each part is:
Part I - Establish safety and effectiveness based on functional capacity and health status.
Part II - Establish safety and effectiveness based on clinical outcome data.
- Conditions
- Heart Failure, Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction, Heart Failure With Mid Range Ejection Fraction, Heart Failure With Moderately Reduced Ejection Fraction, Diastolic Heart Failure
- Being tested
- Cardiac Contractility Modulation Therapy via OPTIMIZER™ Smart Mini System, OPTIMIZER™ Smart Mini System
- Keywords
- HFpEF, Heart failure, CCM, CCM therapy, cardiac contractility modulation, symptomatic heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF, Optimizer, Optimizer Smart Mini, Quality of Life
- Medical subject headings
- Heart Failure, Heart Failure, Diastolic
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Cardiac Contractility Modulation Therapy via OPTIMIZER™ Smart Mini SystemDevice
Also called CCM Group (CCM ON)
The OPTIMIZER™ Smart Mini System will be implanted and CCM will be programmed ON for the first 18 months (blinded phase). CCM therapy will be programmed to deliver 7 one-hour phases of CCM therapy that are distributed equally over every 24-hour period. CCM will remain on following completion of the 18-month visit.
OPTIMIZER™ Smart Mini SystemDevice
Also called Sham Group (CCM OFF)
The OPTIMIZER™ Smart Mini System will be implanted and CCM will be programmed OFF for the first 18 months (blinded phase). CCM will be turned on following completion of the 18-month visit.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| CCM Group (CCM ON) | Experimental | CCM therapy will be turned on in 2/3 of the subjects for the entire duration of the study. Receives: Device: Cardiac Contractility Modulation Therapy via OPTIMIZER™ Smart Mini System |
| Sham Group (CCM OFF) | Sham comparator | CCM therapy will be turned off in 1/3 of the subjects for the first 18 months of the study. After 18 months, CCM therapy will be turned on for the rest of the study duration. Receives: Device: OPTIMIZER™ Smart Mini System |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Part 1 Efficacy Endpoint - Change in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) from baseline to 6 months.
Demonstrate that CCM therapy improves functional capacity in subjects with symptomatic heart failure with LVEF ≥40% and ≤70%. Compare the changes in functional capacity, as measured by the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), from baseline to 6-months following the randomization date between the two study groups.
Measured: 6 months
Part 1 Efficacy Endpoint - Change in the health status from baseline to 6 months as assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ CSS).
Demonstrate that CCM therapy improves health status in subjects with symptomatic heart failure with LVEF ≥40% and ≤60%. Compare the changes in health status, as measured by the KCCQ CSS, from baseline to 6-months following the randomization date between the two study groups.
Measured: 6 months
Part 1 Safety Endpoint - The incidence of Optimizer device- or procedure-related complications within the first 12 months after implant
Compare the composite incidence of Optimizer device-related and procedure-related SAEs (complications) for available data collected from implant to 12 months after the Optimizer implantation procedure to a performance goal of 75% free of complications.
Measured: 12 months
Part 2 Endpoint - The hierarchical composite of mortality, morbidity, and health status outcomes (KCCQ CSS).
Demonstrate that CCM therapy improves a composite endpoint of cardiovascular mortality at 18-months, heart failure hospitalizations at 18-months, urgent heart failure visits requiring IV diuretics at 18-months and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ CSS) at 12-months. Comparison of a hierarchical composite endpoint between the two study groups will be based on the Finkelstein-Schoenfeld global rank method.
Measured: 18 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Oct 2021
- Study start3 Feb 2022
- Primary completion1 Feb 2029 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Feb 2029 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Heart FailureStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Multicenter, multi-national, randomized, quadruple-blind, sham controlled, 2-part, embedded IDE clinical trial
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 1,500 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Impulse Dynamics
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Javed Butler, MD, MPH, MBA, Principal investigator, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TexasOussama Wazni, MD, MBA, Principal investigator, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05064709
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CA_CP_340
- Acronym
- AIM HIGHer
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 21 Sep 2021
- Last updated
- 23 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Abraham WT, Kuck KH, Goldsmith RL, Lindenfeld J, Reddy VY, Carson PE, Mann DL, Saville B, Parise H, Chan R, Wiegn P, Hastings JL, Kaplan AJ, Edelmann F, Luthje L, Kahwash R, Tomassoni GF, Gutterman DD, Stagg A, Burkhoff D, Hasenfuss G. A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Cardiac Contractility Modulation. JACC Heart Fail. 2018 Oct;6(10):874-883. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 May 10.
PubMed 29754812Wiegn P, Chan R, Jost C, Saville BR, Parise H, Prutchi D, Carson PE, Stagg A, Goldsmith RL, Burkhoff D. Safety, Performance, and Efficacy of Cardiac Contractility Modulation Delivered by the 2-Lead Optimizer Smart System: The FIX-HF-5C2 Study. Circ Heart Fail. 2020 Apr;13(4):e006512. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006512. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
PubMed 32264716Tschope C, Butler J, Farmakis D, Morley D, Rao I, Filippatos G. Clinical effects of cardiac contractility modulation in heart failure with mildly reduced systolic function. ESC Heart Fail. 2020 Dec;7(6):3531-3535. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13126. Epub 2020 Dec 3.
PubMed 33274601Tschope C, Van Linthout S, Spillmann F, Klein O, Biewener S, Remppis A, Gutterman D, Linke WA, Pieske B, Hamdani N, Roser M. Cardiac contractility modulation signals improve exercise intolerance and maladaptive regulation of cardiac key proteins for systolic and diastolic function in HFpEF. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Jan 15;203:1061-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.208. Epub 2015 Oct 27. No abstract available.
PubMed 26638055Aneeq A, Jan M, Nisar S, Zahid S, Kumari U. Cardiac contractility modulation: A new horizon in the management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2024 Apr;61:110. doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.11.007. Epub 2023 Nov 11.
PubMed 37980262