Resistance TrainingNCT05120440
The Effect of Breakfast Consumption on Afternoon Resistance Training Performance
A study testing Breakfast omission and Breakfast consumption in people with Resistance Training and Breakfast, run by Texas Tech University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study is a randomized crossover trail examining the effect of breakfast consumption or omission on afternoon resistance training performance. Resistance-trained adults will complete a resistance training workout comprised of barbell back squat, barbell bench press, and barbell conventional deadlift following… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Resistance Training, Breakfast
- What is being tested?
- Breakfast omission and Breakfast consumption
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 39 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 17 Nov 2021to 16 May 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Between the ages of 18 and 40
- Body mass between 50 - 110 kg (110-242 lb)
- Generally healthy (defined as an absence of any disease or medical condition which could potentially be negatively affected by consumption of the commercially available dietary supplements or performance of exercise, including but not limited to musculoskeletal or cardiovascular diseases).
- Resistance-trained, defined as completing 2+ resistance training sessions per week for at least three months prior to screening.
- Participants must self-report either consuming or skipping breakfast ≥ 5 times per week for three months prior to screening.
- Participants must have reported regular training of the lower body through a multi-joint exercise such as the squat or leg press at least once weekly during the three-month period prior to screening.
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- Participants must have reported regular training of the bench press or chest press variation at least once weekly during the three-month period prior to screening.
- Participants must have reported regular training of the deadlift or deadlift variation at least once weekly during the three-month period prior to screening.
- Female participants will be required to bench press ≥ 0.5 x body mass, barbell back squat ≥ 0.75 x body mass, and deadlift ≥ 1.0 x body mass to be eligible or this study.
- Male participants will be required to bench press ≥ 1.0 x body mass, barbell back squat ≥ 1.375 x body mass, and deadlift ≥ 1.75 x body mass to be eligible or this study.
Who cannot join
- Failing to meet any of the aforementioned inclusion criteria.
- Pregnant or breastfeeding (for female participants)
- Taking prescription medication which could reasonably make participation unsafe for the participant or influence study outcomes
- An inability to complete resistance exercise due to injury or medical condition
- Inability to complete a 16 hour fast.
- Allergy to any of the ingredients in the provided breakfast and lunch.
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- Current use of anabolic steroids
- Presence of a pacemaker or other implanted electrical device.
- Inability to perform the exercises with safe and proper form as determined by members of the research team.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management
Lubbock, Texas, 79409
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Breakfast Consumption on Afternoon Resistance Training Performance in Habitual Breakfast Consumers and Non-Consumers
This study is a randomized crossover trail examining the effect of breakfast consumption or omission on afternoon resistance training performance. Resistance-trained adults will complete a resistance training workout comprised of barbell back squat, barbell bench press, and barbell conventional deadlift following either consuming breakfast and lunch, or the same amount of food consumed solely at lunch. For each testing session the participants will be provided with all food to consume prior to arriving at the laboratory. Major performance outcomes will be total repetition volume completed for each exercise (i.e. bench press, squat, and deadlift) and the entire workout (each individual trial), along with barbell kinematics for each exercise.
Read the detailed description
OVERVIEW
This study is a randomized crossover trail examining the effect of breakfast consumption or omission on afternoon resistance training performance. Resistance-trained adults will complete a resistance training workout comprised of barbell back squat, barbell bench press, and barbell conventional deadlift following either consuming breakfast and lunch, or the same amount of food consumed solely at lunch. For each testing session the participants will be provided with all food to consume prior to arriving at the laboratory. Major performance outcomes will be total repetition volume completed for each exercise (i.e. bench press, squat, and deadlift) and the entire workout (each individual trial), along with barbell kinematics for each exercise.
Participants will report to the laboratory on three separate occasions, with 3 to 10 days between each visit. At the first visit, after initial screening and provision of informed consent, each participant will undergo a performance screening and familiarization session to confirm eligibility and become accustomed to the study procedures. This familiarization session will include initial assessments of bench press, barbell back squat, and conventional deadlift maximal strength in order to determine final eligibility. Additionally, body composition will be assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and digital anthropometry at this session for descriptive purposes. Following the familiarization session, each participant will complete two laboratory visits consisting of completion of the resistance training workout described below after consuming the provided meals either divided between breakfast and lunch (~3-4 hours after breakfast), or solely at lunch. This will ensure each participant consumes identical quantities and types of foods prior to both exercise sessions. Thus, the only difference will be the food distribution as two meals (breakfast and lunch) or one meal (lunch). Throughout the study, participants will be asked to maintain their normal lifestyle practices. In addition, participants will report their dietary intake during the 24-hour period prior to the first testing session and will be asked to replicate this intake during the 24-hour period prior to the subsequent testing sessions. A background questionnaire will also be completed to assess general supplement use.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this investigation is to examine the effect of breakfast consumption or omission on afternoon resistance training performance in habitual breakfast consumers and non-consumers.
GENERAL HYPOTHESIS
It is hypothesized that afternoon resistance training performance will be impaired in habitual breakfast consumers when breakfast is omitted, but similar decrements will not be observed in habitual non-consumers.
HYPOTHESES TO BE TESTED/SPECIFIC AIMS
Specific Aim 1. To determine the effect of breakfast consumption on afternoon resistance training performance.
Hypothesis. It is hypothesized that afternoon resistance training performance will not be impacted by breakfast consumption or omission when the cohort is examined as a whole.
Specific Aim 2. To determine whether habitual breakfast consumption patterns impact afternoon resistance training performance following consumption or omission of breakfast.
Hypothesis. It is hypothesized that habitual breakfast consumption patterns will impact the effect of breakfast consumption on resistance training performance. More specifically, performance will be negatively affected by the omission of breakfast in those who habitually consume breakfast. Yet the omission of breakfast will not negatively impact resistance training performance in those that regularly do not consume breakfast.
Specific Aim 3. To determine the impact of breakfast consumption on subjective responses throughout an afternoon resistance training session.
Hypothesis. It is hypothesized that subjective responses during afternoon resistance training will not be impacted by breakfast consumption or omission when the cohort is examined as a whole.
Specific Aim 4. To determine whether habitual breakfast consumption patterns influence subjective responses throughout an afternoon resistance training session, following consumption or omission of breakfast.
Hypothesis. It is hypothesized that worsened subjective responses will be observed after breakfast omission only in those who habitually consume breakfast.
- Conditions
- Resistance Training, Breakfast
- Being tested
- Breakfast omission, Breakfast consumption
- Keywords
- resistance training, breakfast, intermittent fasting
- Medical subject headings
- Intermittent Fasting
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Breakfast omissionOther
Breakfast omission will consist of not eating breakfast on the morning of afternoon resistance training performance assessment.
Breakfast consumptionOther
Breakfast consumption will consist of eating a standardized breakfast on the morning of afternoon resistance training performance assessment.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Breakfast Omission | Experimental | This arm will consist of omission of breakfast and consumption of standardized food items solely at lunch preceding afternoon resistance exercise. Receives: Other: Breakfast omission |
| Breakfast Consumption | Active comparator | This arm will consist of consumption of standardized food items at breakfast and lunch preceding afternoon resistance exercise. Receives: Other: Breakfast consumption |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Total Repetition Volume
The total number of repetitions completed across four sets of the barbell back squat exercise, four sets of the barbell bench press exercise, and four sets of the conventional barbell deadlift exercise.
Measured: 1 hour
Squat Repetition Volume
The total number of repetitions completed across four sets of the barbell back squat exercise.
Measured: 20 minutes
Bench Press Repetition Volume
The total number of repetitions completed across four sets of the barbell bench press exercise.
Measured: 20 minutes
Deadlift Repetition Volume
The total number of repetitions completed across four sets of the conventional barbell deadlift exercise.
Measured: 20 minutes
Average Concentric Barbell Velocity for Squat
The average barbell velocity during the concentric portion of the squat exercise across all repetitions.
Measured: 20 minutes
Average Concentric Barbell Velocity for Bench Press
The average barbell velocity during the concentric portion of the bench press exercise across all repetitions.
Measured: 20 minutes
Average Concentric Barbell Velocity for Deadlift
The average barbell velocity during the concentric portion of the deadlift exercise across all repetitions.
Measured: 20 minutes
Peak Concentric Barbell Velocity for Squat
The peak barbell velocity during the concentric portion of the squat exercise across all repetitions.
Measured: 20 minutes
Peak Concentric Barbell Velocity for Bench Press
The peak barbell velocity during the concentric portion of the bench press exercise across all repetitions.
Measured: 20 minutes
Peak Concentric Barbell Velocity for Deadlift
The peak barbell velocity during the concentric portion of the deadlift exercise across all repetitions.
Measured: 20 minutes
Average Power for Squat
The average power during the squat exercise across all repetitions.
Measured: 20 minutes
Average Power for Bench Press
The average power during the bench press exercise across all repetitions.
Measured: 20 minutes
Average Power for Deadlift
The average power during the deadlift exercise across all repetitions.
Measured: 20 minutes
Peak Power for Squat
The peak power during the squat exercise across all repetitions.
Measured: 20 minutes
Peak Power for Bench Press
The peak power during the bench press exercise across all repetitions.
Measured: 20 minutes
Peak Power for Deadlift
The peak power during the deadlift exercise across all repetitions.
Measured: 20 minutes
Secondary outcomes (6)
Hunger
Subjective rating of hunger as assessed by visual analog scale.
Measured: 1 hour
Desire to Eat
Subjective rating of desire to eat as assessed by visual analog scale.
Measured: 1 hour
Fullness
Subjective rating of fullness as assessed by visual analog scale.
Measured: 1 hour
Energy
Subjective rating of energy as assessed by visual analog scale.
Measured: 1 hour
Focus
Subjective rating of focus as assessed by visual analog scale.
Measured: 1 hour
Fatigue
Subjective rating of fatigue as assessed by visual analog scale.
Measured: 1 hour
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Nov 2021
- Study start17 Nov 2021
- Primary completion16 May 2022
- Study completion16 May 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Resistance TrainingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 39 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Texas Tech University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Grant M Tinsley, PhD, Principal investigator, Texas Tech University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05120440
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IRB2021-649
- Status last verified
- Aug 2022
- First submitted
- 2 Nov 2021
- Last updated
- 9 Aug 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Aug 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Breakfast Consumption on Afternoon Resistance Training Performance in Habitual Breakfast Consumers and Non-Consumers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05120440
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IRB2021-649
- Conditions
- Resistance Training, Breakfast
- Keywords
- resistance training, breakfast, intermittent fasting
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 39 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Texas Tech UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 17 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 16 May 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 16 May 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study is a randomized crossover trail examining the effect of breakfast consumption or omission on afternoon resistance training performance. Resistance-trained adults will complete a resistance training workout comprised of barbell back squat, barbell bench press, and barbell conventional deadlift following either consuming breakfast and lunch, or the same amount of food consumed solely at lunch. For each testing session the participants will be provided with all food to consume prior to arriving at the laboratory. Major performance outcomes will be total repetition volume completed for each exercise (i.e. bench press, squat, and deadlift) and the entire workout (each individual trial), along with barbell kinematics for each exercise.
Detailed description
OVERVIEW
This study is a randomized crossover trail examining the effect of breakfast consumption or omission on afternoon resistance training performance. Resistance-trained adults will complete a resistance training workout comprised of barbell back squat, barbell bench press, and barbell conventional deadlift following either consuming breakfast and lunch, or the same amount of food consumed solely at lunch. For each testing session the participants will be provided with all food to consume prior to arriving at the laboratory. Major performance outcomes will be total repetition volume completed for each exercise (i.e. bench press, squat, and deadlift) and the entire workout (each individual trial), along with barbell kinematics for each exercise.
Participants will report to the laboratory on three separate occasions, with 3 to 10 days between each visit. At the first visit, after initial screening and provision of informed consent, each participant will undergo a performance screening and familiarization session to confirm eligibility and become accustomed to the study procedures. This familiarization session will include initial assessments of bench press, barbell back squat, and conventional deadlift maximal strength in order to determine final eligibility. Additionally, body composition will be assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and digital anthropometry at this session for descriptive purposes. Following the familiarization session, each participant will complete two laboratory visits consisting of completion of the resistance training workout described below after consuming the provided meals either divided between breakfast and lunch (~3-4 hours after breakfast), or solely at lunch. This will ensure each participant consumes identical quantities and types of foods prior to both exercise sessions. Thus, the only difference will be the food distribution as two meals (breakfast and lunch) or one meal (lunch). Throughout the study, participants will be asked to maintain their normal lifestyle practices. In addition, participants will report their dietary intake during the 24-hour period prior to the first testing session and will be asked to replicate this intake during the 24-hour period prior to the subsequent testing sessions. A background questionnaire will also be completed to assess general supplement use.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this investigation is to examine the effect of breakfast consumption or omission on afternoon resistance training performance in habitual breakfast consumers and non-consumers.
GENERAL HYPOTHESIS
It is hypothesized that afternoon resistance training performance will be impaired in habitual breakfast consumers when breakfast is omitted, but similar decrements will not be observed in habitual non-consumers.
HYPOTHESES TO BE TESTED/SPECIFIC AIMS
Specific Aim 1. To determine the effect of breakfast consumption on afternoon resistance training performance.
Hypothesis. It is hypothesized that afternoon resistance training performance will not be impacted by breakfast consumption or omission when the cohort is examined as a whole.
Specific Aim 2. To determine whether habitual breakfast consumption patterns impact afternoon resistance training performance following consumption or omission of breakfast.
Hypothesis. It is hypothesized that habitual breakfast consumption patterns will impact the effect of breakfast consumption on resistance training performance. More specifically, performance will be negatively affected by the omission of breakfast in those who habitually consume breakfast. Yet the omission of breakfast will not negatively impact resistance training performance in those that regularly do not consume breakfast.
Specific Aim 3. To determine the impact of breakfast consumption on subjective responses throughout an afternoon resistance training session.
Hypothesis. It is hypothesized that subjective responses during afternoon resistance training will not be impacted by breakfast consumption or omission when the cohort is examined as a whole.
Specific Aim 4. To determine whether habitual breakfast consumption patterns influence subjective responses throughout an afternoon resistance training session, following consumption or omission of breakfast.
Hypothesis. It is hypothesized that worsened subjective responses will be observed after breakfast omission only in those who habitually consume breakfast.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Breakfast Omission | Experimental | Other: Breakfast omissionThis arm will consist of omission of breakfast and consumption of standardized food items solely at lunch preceding afternoon resistance exercise. |
| Breakfast Consumption | Active comparator | Other: Breakfast consumptionThis arm will consist of consumption of standardized food items at breakfast and lunch preceding afternoon resistance exercise. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Between the ages of 18 and 40
- Body mass between 50 - 110 kg (110-242 lb)
- Generally healthy (defined as an absence of any disease or medical condition which could potentially be negatively affected by consumption of the commercially available dietary supplements or performance of exercise, including but not limited to musculoskeletal or cardiovascular diseases).
- Resistance-trained, defined as completing 2+ resistance training sessions per week for at least three months prior to screening.
- Participants must self-report either consuming or skipping breakfast ≥ 5 times per week for three months prior to screening.
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Failing to meet any of the aforementioned inclusion criteria.
- Pregnant or breastfeeding (for female participants)
- Taking prescription medication which could reasonably make participation unsafe for the participant or influence study outcomes
- An inability to complete resistance exercise due to injury or medical condition
- Inability to complete a 16 hour fast.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Breakfast omissionBreakfast omission will consist of not eating breakfast on the morning of afternoon resistance training performance assessment. | Other | Breakfast Omission |
| Breakfast consumptionBreakfast consumption will consist of eating a standardized breakfast on the morning of afternoon resistance training performance assessment. | Other | Breakfast Consumption |
Primary outcome
Total Repetition Volume
Time frame: 1 hour
The total number of repetitions completed across four sets of the barbell back squat exercise, four sets of the barbell bench press exercise, and four sets of the conventional barbell deadlift exercise.
Squat Repetition Volume
Time frame: 20 minutes
The total number of repetitions completed across four sets of the barbell back squat exercise.
Bench Press Repetition Volume
Time frame: 20 minutes
The total number of repetitions completed across four sets of the barbell bench press exercise.
Deadlift Repetition Volume
Time frame: 20 minutes
The total number of repetitions completed across four sets of the conventional barbell deadlift exercise.
Average Concentric Barbell Velocity for Squat
Time frame: 20 minutes
The average barbell velocity during the concentric portion of the squat exercise across all repetitions.
Average Concentric Barbell Velocity for Bench Press
Time frame: 20 minutes
The average barbell velocity during the concentric portion of the bench press exercise across all repetitions.
Average Concentric Barbell Velocity for Deadlift
Time frame: 20 minutes
The average barbell velocity during the concentric portion of the deadlift exercise across all repetitions.
Peak Concentric Barbell Velocity for Squat
Time frame: 20 minutes
The peak barbell velocity during the concentric portion of the squat exercise across all repetitions.
Peak Concentric Barbell Velocity for Bench Press
Time frame: 20 minutes
The peak barbell velocity during the concentric portion of the bench press exercise across all repetitions.
Peak Concentric Barbell Velocity for Deadlift
Time frame: 20 minutes
The peak barbell velocity during the concentric portion of the deadlift exercise across all repetitions.
Average Power for Squat
Time frame: 20 minutes
The average power during the squat exercise across all repetitions.
Average Power for Bench Press
Time frame: 20 minutes
The average power during the bench press exercise across all repetitions.
Average Power for Deadlift
Time frame: 20 minutes
The average power during the deadlift exercise across all repetitions.
Peak Power for Squat
Time frame: 20 minutes
The peak power during the squat exercise across all repetitions.
Peak Power for Bench Press
Time frame: 20 minutes
The peak power during the bench press exercise across all repetitions.
Peak Power for Deadlift
Time frame: 20 minutes
The peak power during the deadlift exercise across all repetitions.
6 secondary outcomes
Hunger
Time frame: 1 hour
Desire to Eat
Time frame: 1 hour
Fullness
Time frame: 1 hour
Energy
Time frame: 1 hour
Focus
Time frame: 1 hour
Fatigue
Time frame: 1 hour
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Aug 2022.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Grant M Tinsley, PhD principal investigator
Texas Tech University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Breakfast omission and Breakfast consumption in people with Resistance Training and Breakfast, run by Texas Tech University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 10 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Aug 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Total Repetition Volume (time frame: 1 hour). The study lists 16 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Aug 2022.