Healthy AgingNCT05132452
The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids and the Timed Water Swallow Test
An observational study of Healthy Aging and Gender, run by University of Haifa.
Trial summary
This study aimed to gather more information regarding two clinically relevant tests: The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST). Both tests can be used clinically as part of swallowing disorders evaluation. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy Aging, Gender, Swallowing Disorder
- What is being tested?
- The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST)
- How many people
- 298 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2016to 23 Dec 2018
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: healthy subjects living in the community
Who may be able to join
- all participants were eligible to participate if they were over 20 years of age, with no known medical history of dysphagia, had an SDQ score of less than 11, indicating no suspicion for dysphagia, were able to give a written informed consent, and could follow simple verbal instructions. In addition, all participants indicated that they do not avoid eating crackers due to swallowing disorders or allergies.
Who cannot join
- SDQ over 11 or medically reported dysphagia not eating crackers due to swallowing difficulty allergy to gluten
About this study
Official title: The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids and the Timed Water Swallow Test: Reliability, Associations, Age and Gender Effects, and Normative Data
This study aimed to gather more information regarding two clinically relevant tests: The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST). Both tests can be used clinically as part of swallowing disorders evaluation.
The aims of the study were to assess the reliability of the two tests, to document the effects of age and gender on the outcome measures of the TOMASS and TWST and to explore the relationship between participants' function in the two tests. To do that, 298 healthy participants were included. All of them did not have dysphagia. Most of them were elderly.
Read the detailed description
Background: Quantitative measures of swallowing function can increase accuracy, reliability, and improve clinical decision making. The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST) are functional tests of swallowing that provide quantitative results.
Objectives: To explore the relationship between TOMASS and TWST; evaluate test-retest and interrater reliability; explore age and gender effects; and to gather normative data.
Methods: Healthy community dwelling participants (n = 298, ≥20 years old) were recruited. Of those, 126 were included in the reliability study. Participants completed the TWST and TOMASS.
- Conditions
- Healthy Aging, Gender, Swallowing Disorder
- Being tested
- The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST)
- Medical subject headings
- Coitus, Deglutition Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST)Diagnostic test
Participants swallowed one cracker for the TOMASS. They swallowed 150 mL of water for the TWST.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| adults living in the community | Healthy community dwelling participants, aged 20 year old and above, without dysphagia. Receives: Diagnostic Test: The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
duration
length of time required to complete the task
Measured: one-off assessment
swallows
number of swallows required to complete the task
Measured: one-off assessment
bites
number of bites required to eat the cracker
Measured: one-off assessment
masticatory cycles
number of masticatory cycles required to eat the cracker
Measured: one-off assessment
volume
the amount of water swallowed
Measured: one-off assessment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Nov 2021
- Study start1 Feb 2016
- Primary completion23 Dec 2018
- Study completion23 Dec 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Healthy AgingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 298 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Haifa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Oshrat Sella, University of Haifa
- Investigators
- oshrat sella, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Haifa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05132452
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1012
- Status last verified
- Nov 2021
- First submitted
- 12 Nov 2021
- Last updated
- 24 Nov 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: there is no plan to make individual participant data (IPD) available to other researchers.
Publications
Sarve AR, Krishnamurthy R, Balasubramanium RK. The timed water test of swallowing: Reliability, validity, and normative data from Indian population. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2021 Mar-Apr;15(2):14-20.
PubMed 33708040Athukorala RP, Jones RD, Sella O, Huckabee ML. Skill training for swallowing rehabilitation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Jul;95(7):1374-82. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.03.001. Epub 2014 May 9.
PubMed 24816250Huckabee ML, McIntosh T, Fuller L, Curry M, Thomas P, Walshe M, McCague E, Battel I, Nogueira D, Frank U, van den Engel-Hoek L, Sella-Weiss O. The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): reliability, validity and international normative data. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2018 Jan;53(1):144-156. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12332. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
PubMed 28677236Krishnamurthy R, Kothari S, Balasubramanium RK, Huckabee ML. The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): Normative data for the adult Indian population. Data Brief. 2021 Mar 18;35:106958. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106958. eCollection 2021 Apr.
PubMed 33850987Hughes TA, Wiles CM. Clinical measurement of swallowing in health and in neurogenic dysphagia. QJM. 1996 Feb;89(2):109-16. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/89.2.109.
PubMed 8729551
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Nov 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids and the Timed Water Swallow Test: Reliability, Associations, Age and Gender Effects, and Normative Data
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05132452
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1012
- Conditions
- Healthy Aging, Gender, Swallowing Disorder
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 298 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of HaifaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Dec 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 23 Dec 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aimed to gather more information regarding two clinically relevant tests: The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST). Both tests can be used clinically as part of swallowing disorders evaluation.
The aims of the study were to assess the reliability of the two tests, to document the effects of age and gender on the outcome measures of the TOMASS and TWST and to explore the relationship between participants' function in the two tests. To do that, 298 healthy participants were included. All of them did not have dysphagia. Most of them were elderly.
Detailed description
Background: Quantitative measures of swallowing function can increase accuracy, reliability, and improve clinical decision making. The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST) are functional tests of swallowing that provide quantitative results.
Objectives: To explore the relationship between TOMASS and TWST; evaluate test-retest and interrater reliability; explore age and gender effects; and to gather normative data.
Methods: Healthy community dwelling participants (n = 298, ≥20 years old) were recruited. Of those, 126 were included in the reliability study. Participants completed the TWST and TOMASS.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| adults living in the community | – | Diagnostic Test: The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST)Healthy community dwelling participants, aged 20 year old and above, without dysphagia. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- healthy subjects living in the community
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- all participants were eligible to participate if they were over 20 years of age, with no known medical history of dysphagia, had an SDQ score of less than 11, indicating no suspicion for dysphagia, were able to give a written informed consent, and could follow simple verbal instructions. In addition, all participants indicated that they do not avoid eating crackers due to swallowing disorders or allergies.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- SDQ over 11 or medically reported dysphagia not eating crackers due to swallowing difficulty allergy to gluten
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST)Participants swallowed one cracker for the TOMASS. They swallowed 150 mL of water for the TWST. | Diagnostic test | adults living in the community |
Primary outcome
duration
Time frame: one-off assessment
length of time required to complete the task
swallows
Time frame: one-off assessment
number of swallows required to complete the task
bites
Time frame: one-off assessment
number of bites required to eat the cracker
masticatory cycles
Time frame: one-off assessment
number of masticatory cycles required to eat the cracker
volume
Time frame: one-off assessment
the amount of water swallowed
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Nov 2021.
- Results publication: PubMed 33708040Sarve AR, Krishnamurthy R, Balasubramanium RK. The timed water test of swallowing: Reliability, validity, and normative data from Indian population. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2021 Mar-Apr;15(2):14-20.
- Results publication: PubMed 24816250Athukorala RP, Jones RD, Sella O, Huckabee ML. Skill training for swallowing rehabilitation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Jul;95(7):1374-82. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.03.001. Epub 2014 May 9.
- Results publication: PubMed 28677236Huckabee ML, McIntosh T, Fuller L, Curry M, Thomas P, Walshe M, McCague E, Battel I, Nogueira D, Frank U, van den Engel-Hoek L, Sella-Weiss O. The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): reliability, validity and international normative data. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2018 Jan;53(1):144-156. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12332. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
- Results publication: PubMed 33850987Krishnamurthy R, Kothari S, Balasubramanium RK, Huckabee ML. The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): Normative data for the adult Indian population. Data Brief. 2021 Mar 18;35:106958. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106958. eCollection 2021 Apr.
- Results publication: PubMed 8729551Hughes TA, Wiles CM. Clinical measurement of swallowing in health and in neurogenic dysphagia. QJM. 1996 Feb;89(2):109-16. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/89.2.109.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. there is no plan to make individual participant data (IPD) available to other researchers.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
oshrat sella, PhD principal investigator
University of Haifa
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Healthy Aging and Gender, run by University of Haifa.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Nov 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
duration (time frame: one-off assessment). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05132452, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Nov 2021; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.