CORE STABILITYNCT05205278
Effect of Progressive Isolated Core Stability Training
A study testing exercise training in people with CORE STABILITY and Upper Extremity, run by Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Forty-two adolescent female volleyball athletes (16.0±1.4 years) were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 was the training group and, in addition to the routine volleyball training programmes, underwent an 8-week (3 days/week) progressive core stability training programme. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 12 to 16 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- CORE STABILITY, Upper Extremity, Physical Performance
- What is being tested?
- exercise training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 42 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2012to 30 Jun 2013
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 12 to 16 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- be between the ages of 12 and 16, enrolled in a similar training program and agree to participate in the study
Who cannot join
- Having any surgery / serious pathology of the spinal column,
- Have had a lower / upper extremity injury in the last 3 months,
- Sports age is less than 5 years,
- Severe orthopedic / systemic discomfort during training,
- Absence from training for more than 3 sessions
- Family disapproval or reluctance to study
- Minimal Q-DASH score (0-25)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University,Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department
Ankara
About this study
Official title: Effect of Progressive Isolated Core Stability Training on Upper Extremity Physical Performance in Adolascent Female Volleyball Athletes
Forty-two adolescent female volleyball athletes (16.0±1.4 years) were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 was the training group and, in addition to the routine volleyball training programmes, underwent an 8-week (3 days/week) progressive core stability training programme. Group 2 was the control group and only did routine volleyball training, with no core stability training.
Main outcome measures: Shoulder IR and ER strength, medicine ball throw (MBT), modified push up (MPU) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) upper extremity stability tests were used to evaluate physical performance.
Read the detailed description
Most studies have focused on the effects of core stability training on injury prevention and physical performance for the lower extremities . However, little is known about its effect on upper extremity performance. Previous studies suggest that core strengthening could enhance upper extremity physical performance because it might lead to more efficient use of the extremity muscles . Core weakness in overhead athletes with shoulder pain. Insufficient power generation by the core muscles might overload the shoulder girdle to compensate for altered biomechanics during throwing, and this overload made the shoulder prone to sport injuries. A systematic review has suggested, however, that isolated core stability training cannot be the primary component of athletic performance enhancement and that the variability in exercise training protocols, testing methods, study population and sample size among the available studies leads to difficulties in understanding whether or not core stability training enhances physical performance.
There has been no study in the literature investigating the effect of progressive isolated core stability training on upper extremity performance in adolescent overhead athletes. This study therefore sought to investigate the effects of progressive isolated core stability training on shoulder internal (IR) and external rotator (ER) strength and upper extremity physical performance in female adolescent volleyball players. Hypothesized that core stability training would enhance shoulder rotator strength and upper extremity physical performance in these athletes.
- Conditions
- CORE STABILITY, Upper Extremity, Physical Performance
- Being tested
- exercise training
- Keywords
- athlete, exercise, muscle strength, flexibility
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
exercise trainingOther
The core stability training programme was performed 3 days per week over an 8-week period, and each training session lasted approximately 50 minutes.We created a special programme for our study based on the literature; the core stability training programme was divided into 3 phases: easy(1-2 weeks), moderate(3-5 weeks) and difficult(6-8 weeks In the easy phase(phase1), the athlete was intended to gain sensorimotor control that would ensure the smoothness of the neutral spine during slow movements. The participants learned the hallowing technique and how to use this technique while doing core exercises. In the moderate phase(phase2), muscular neural adaptation and neuromuscular facilitation were targeted with the transition to high threshold strength training.In the last, difficult, phase(phase3), subconscious control of movement was taught using combined movement patterns with the aim of transitioning to functional positions and activities.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| training group | Experimental | Group 1 (n=21) was the training group and, in addition to the routine volleyball training programmes, an 8-week (3 days/week) progressive core stability training programme was applied. Receives: Other: exercise training |
| control group | No intervention | Group 2 (n=21) was the control group, and they only engaged in routine volleyball training: no core stability training was given. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change from Baseline Shoulder Rotator Muscle Strength at 8 weeks.
Isometric shoulder IR and ER strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer (Commander Power Track II, J-Tech, USA). The tests were performed with the athletes in a supine position. The shoulder was positioned at 45° abduction, the elbow was at 90° flexion and the forearm was in the neutral position. The supine position was chosen for the test to minimize compensatory movement of the body. At least one practice trial was given to the subjects to familiarize them with the feel of pushing against the dynamometer. Subjects were oriented to each desired action by the tester. The subject then performed the action until performed correctly.
Measured: before and after treatment (24 sessions, beginning and 8th. weeks)
Change from Baseline Upper Extremity Functional Tests at 8 weeks.
The participants were positioned prone with hands shoulder width apart with the trunk held in a rigid straight position on the mat. Push-ups were performed through the full range of motion, as quickly as possible. Participants started the test with their elbows fully extended. They then flexed their elbows until the upper arm was parallel to the testing surface. The participants were instructed to limit head and trunk motion and to keep the trunk position straight. The number of push-ups completed in 30 seconds was recorded. Verbal encouragement was consistently given to all participants .
Measured: before and after treatment (24 sessions, beginning and 8th. weeks)
Change from CKC upper extremity stability test at 8 weeks.
This test was performed in a modified push-up test position. There were two lines on the floor, 30 cm apart. The participants were instructed to move their hands back and forth from each line as many as possible for 15 seconds. The number of touches for each line was counted. The test was repeated 3 times, with a 2-minute rest between each trial and the average of the touches was calculated. The final score was calculated as the average number of touches/height
Measured: before and after treatment (24 sessions, beginning and 8th. weeks)
Change from MBT test at 8 weeks.
The examiner used a marked line on the floor as the starting reference for this test. A mat was placed on the floor and the front of the mat was aligned with the reference line. The participants were instructed to tall kneel (90° knee flexion and neutral trunk position) on the front of the mat with the medicine ball (1.9 kg) held at their chest level against the chest wall. From this position the participants were instructed to throw the medicine ball, using a 2-handed chest pass technique, as far as they could. To minimize momentum, the participants were not allowed to rock back before beginning the throw. The first contact site of the ball was marked, and the throw distance was measured using tape. The test was repeated 3 times, and the average of the throw distances was calculated
Measured: before and after treatment (24 sessions, beginning and 8th. weeks)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Jan 2022
- Study start1 Sep 2012
- Primary completion15 Mar 2013
- Study completion30 Jun 2013
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for CORE STABILITYStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Forty-two adolescent female volleyball athletes (16.0±1.4 years) were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 was the training group and, in addition to the routine volleyball training programmes, underwent an 8-week (3 days/week) progressive core stability training programme. Group 2 was the control group and only did routine volleyball training, with no core stability training.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 42 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Rabia Tugba Kilic, Study director, Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt UniversityGülsah Basandac, Principal investigator, Yeditepe University Department Of Physiotherapy And RehabilitationGülcan Harput, Study chair, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physiotherapy and RehabilitationVolga Bayrakci Tunay, Study chair, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05205278
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- LUT 12/57
- Status last verified
- Dec 2021
- First submitted
- 5 Dec 2021
- Last updated
- 25 Jan 2022
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Bahr R, Reeser JC; Federation Internationale de Volleyball. Injuries among world-class professional beach volleyball players. The Federation Internationale de Volleyball beach volleyball injury study. Am J Sports Med. 2003 Jan-Feb;31(1):119-25. doi: 10.1177/03635465030310010401.
PubMed 12531768Reeser JC, Joy EA, Porucznik CA, Berg RL, Colliver EB, Willick SE. Risk factors for volleyball-related shoulder pain and dysfunction. PM R. 2010 Jan;2(1):27-36. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.11.010.
PubMed 20129510Kibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Med. 2006;36(3):189-98. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001.
PubMed 16526831McMullen J, Uhl TL. A kinetic chain approach for shoulder rehabilitation. J Athl Train. 2000 Jul;35(3):329-37.
PubMed 16558646Radwan A, Francis J, Green A, Kahl E, Maciurzynski D, Quartulli A, Schultheiss J, Strang R, Weiss B. Is there a relation between shoulder dysfunction and core instability? Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Feb;9(1):8-13.
PubMed 24567850
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Jan 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Progressive Isolated Core Stability Training on Upper Extremity Physical Performance in Adolascent Female Volleyball Athletes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05205278
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- LUT 12/57
- Conditions
- CORE STABILITY, Upper Extremity, Physical Performance
- Keywords
- athlete, exercise, muscle strength, flexibility
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 42 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2012 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Mar 2013 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2013 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Forty-two adolescent female volleyball athletes (16.0±1.4 years) were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 was the training group and, in addition to the routine volleyball training programmes, underwent an 8-week (3 days/week) progressive core stability training programme. Group 2 was the control group and only did routine volleyball training, with no core stability training.
Main outcome measures: Shoulder IR and ER strength, medicine ball throw (MBT), modified push up (MPU) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) upper extremity stability tests were used to evaluate physical performance.
Detailed description
Most studies have focused on the effects of core stability training on injury prevention and physical performance for the lower extremities . However, little is known about its effect on upper extremity performance. Previous studies suggest that core strengthening could enhance upper extremity physical performance because it might lead to more efficient use of the extremity muscles . Core weakness in overhead athletes with shoulder pain. Insufficient power generation by the core muscles might overload the shoulder girdle to compensate for altered biomechanics during throwing, and this overload made the shoulder prone to sport injuries. A systematic review has suggested, however, that isolated core stability training cannot be the primary component of athletic performance enhancement and that the variability in exercise training protocols, testing methods, study population and sample size among the available studies leads to difficulties in understanding whether or not core stability training enhances physical performance.
There has been no study in the literature investigating the effect of progressive isolated core stability training on upper extremity performance in adolescent overhead athletes. This study therefore sought to investigate the effects of progressive isolated core stability training on shoulder internal (IR) and external rotator (ER) strength and upper extremity physical performance in female adolescent volleyball players. Hypothesized that core stability training would enhance shoulder rotator strength and upper extremity physical performance in these athletes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Forty-two adolescent female volleyball athletes (16.0±1.4 years) were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 was the training group and, in addition to the routine volleyball training programmes, underwent an 8-week (3 days/week) progressive core stability training programme. Group 2 was the control group and only did routine volleyball training, with no core stability training.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| training group | Experimental | Other: exercise trainingGroup 1 (n=21) was the training group and, in addition to the routine volleyball training programmes, an 8-week (3 days/week) progressive core stability training programme was applied. |
| control group | No intervention | –Group 2 (n=21) was the control group, and they only engaged in routine volleyball training: no core stability training was given. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 12 to 16 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- be between the ages of 12 and 16, enrolled in a similar training program and agree to participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Having any surgery / serious pathology of the spinal column,
- Have had a lower / upper extremity injury in the last 3 months,
- Sports age is less than 5 years,
- Severe orthopedic / systemic discomfort during training,
- Absence from training for more than 3 sessions
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| exercise trainingThe core stability training programme was performed 3 days per week over an 8-week period, and each training session lasted approximately 50 minutes.We created a special programme for our study based on the literature; the core stability training programme was divided into 3 phases: easy(1-2 weeks), moderate(3-5 weeks) and difficult(6-8 weeks In the easy phase(phase1), the athlete was intended to gain sensorimotor control that would ensure the smoothness of the neutral spine during slow movements. The participants learned the hallowing technique and how to use this technique while doing core exercises. In the moderate phase(phase2), muscular neural adaptation and neuromuscular facilitation were targeted with the transition to high threshold strength training.In the last, difficult, phase(phase3), subconscious control of movement was taught using combined movement patterns with the aim of transitioning to functional positions and activities. | Other | training group |
Primary outcome
Change from Baseline Shoulder Rotator Muscle Strength at 8 weeks.
Time frame: before and after treatment (24 sessions, beginning and 8th. weeks)
Isometric shoulder IR and ER strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer (Commander Power Track II, J-Tech, USA). The tests were performed with the athletes in a supine position. The shoulder was positioned at 45° abduction, the elbow was at 90° flexion and the forearm was in the neutral position. The supine position was chosen for the test to minimize compensatory movement of the body. At least one practice trial was given to the subjects to familiarize them with the feel of pushing against the dynamometer. Subjects were oriented to each desired action by the tester. The subject then performed the action until performed correctly.
Change from Baseline Upper Extremity Functional Tests at 8 weeks.
Time frame: before and after treatment (24 sessions, beginning and 8th. weeks)
The participants were positioned prone with hands shoulder width apart with the trunk held in a rigid straight position on the mat. Push-ups were performed through the full range of motion, as quickly as possible. Participants started the test with their elbows fully extended. They then flexed their elbows until the upper arm was parallel to the testing surface. The participants were instructed to limit head and trunk motion and to keep the trunk position straight. The number of push-ups completed in 30 seconds was recorded. Verbal encouragement was consistently given to all participants .
Change from CKC upper extremity stability test at 8 weeks.
Time frame: before and after treatment (24 sessions, beginning and 8th. weeks)
This test was performed in a modified push-up test position. There were two lines on the floor, 30 cm apart. The participants were instructed to move their hands back and forth from each line as many as possible for 15 seconds. The number of touches for each line was counted. The test was repeated 3 times, with a 2-minute rest between each trial and the average of the touches was calculated. The final score was calculated as the average number of touches/height
Change from MBT test at 8 weeks.
Time frame: before and after treatment (24 sessions, beginning and 8th. weeks)
The examiner used a marked line on the floor as the starting reference for this test. A mat was placed on the floor and the front of the mat was aligned with the reference line. The participants were instructed to tall kneel (90° knee flexion and neutral trunk position) on the front of the mat with the medicine ball (1.9 kg) held at their chest level against the chest wall. From this position the participants were instructed to throw the medicine ball, using a 2-handed chest pass technique, as far as they could. To minimize momentum, the participants were not allowed to rock back before beginning the throw. The first contact site of the ball was marked, and the throw distance was measured using tape. The test was repeated 3 times, and the average of the throw distances was calculated
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Jan 2022.
- Background: PubMed 12531768Bahr R, Reeser JC; Federation Internationale de Volleyball. Injuries among world-class professional beach volleyball players. The Federation Internationale de Volleyball beach volleyball injury study. Am J Sports Med. 2003 Jan-Feb;31(1):119-25. doi: 10.1177/03635465030310010401.
- Background: PubMed 20129510Reeser JC, Joy EA, Porucznik CA, Berg RL, Colliver EB, Willick SE. Risk factors for volleyball-related shoulder pain and dysfunction. PM R. 2010 Jan;2(1):27-36. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.11.010.
- Background: PubMed 16526831Kibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Med. 2006;36(3):189-98. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001.
- Background: PubMed 16558646McMullen J, Uhl TL. A kinetic chain approach for shoulder rehabilitation. J Athl Train. 2000 Jul;35(3):329-37.
- Background: PubMed 24567850Radwan A, Francis J, Green A, Kahl E, Maciurzynski D, Quartulli A, Schultheiss J, Strang R, Weiss B. Is there a relation between shoulder dysfunction and core instability? Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Feb;9(1):8-13.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Rabia Tugba Kilic study director
Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University
Gülsah Basandac principal investigator
Yeditepe University Department Of Physiotherapy And Rehabilitation
Gülcan Harput study chair
Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing exercise training in people with CORE STABILITY and Upper Extremity, run by Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Jan 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change from Baseline Shoulder Rotator Muscle Strength at 8 weeks. (time frame: before and after treatment (24 sessions, beginning and 8th. weeks)). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05205278, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Jan 2022.