Airway AspirationNCT05278923
The Impact of Soiled Airway Management on CPR Quality
A study testing SALAD simulation device in people with Airway Aspiration and Cardiopulmonary Arrest, run by Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
Regurgitation is an adverse event common during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and occurs in 20%-32% of patients experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). It can impair ventilation, induce aspiration, and decrease survival to hospital discharge. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Airway Aspiration, Cardiopulmonary Arrest
- What is being tested?
- SALAD simulation device
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 54 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 1 Jul 2018to 11 Mar 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- emergency medical technician-paramedics experienced in advanced airway management and CPR
Who cannot join
- NA
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Regurgitation is an adverse event common during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and occurs in 20%-32% of patients experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). It can impair ventilation, induce aspiration, and decrease survival to hospital discharge. Gastric fluid in the airway obscures the laryngeal view, thereby considerably decreasing the first-pass success of endotracheal intubation (ETI) by paramedics.
A human cadaver study reported that ETI outperforms other airway management devices, such as the i-gel, laryngeal mask, and laryngeal tube, in preventing aspiration when regurgitation occurs during CPR. However, ETI is also associated with multiple and prolonged CPR pauses.Compared with the use of supraglottic airway (SGA) devices, ETI results in more hands-off time during CPR. Recent randomised clinical trials have revealed that airway management with an SGA device provides superior outcomes to those of ETI in patients with OHCA. However, ETI remains the preferred management strategy for an airway affected by regurgitation in patients with OHCA.
Current guidelines focus on the quality of CPR because it is a key determinant of survival in patients with OHCA. However, evidence regarding the impact of regurgitation during ETI on CPR quality is limited. This manikin simulation study assessed CPR quality during ETI in airways with and without regurgitation.
Read the detailed description
This is a prospective compare study. 54 EMT-Ps, are involved to evaluate the impact of airway management on CPR quality.
The Study uses SALAD training tool for training. The SALAD training tool include Nasco Intubation CPR manikin, which could vomit by pumping liquid into distal esophagus, and HQCPR feedback machine. Two scenarios were simulated. CPR and ETI in an airway with regurgitation (oropharyngeal regurgitation scenario) and CPR and ETI in an airway without regurgitation (clean airway scenario). All EMT-Ps were randomly assigned to participate initially in one of the scenarios. After all EMT-Ps had finished the first scenario, they switched to the other. Three EMT-Ps formed a resuscitation team and played one of the following roles: airway manager, first compressor, or second compressor. In each scenario, each EMT-P was required to take a turn playing all three roles. During each simulation, the airway manager performed BVM ventilation, and the first and second compressors alternately provided chest compression for every five cycles of CPR, with a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2 .
After the first five cycles of CPR, the airway manager was asked to perform intubation during the ongoing chest compression to minimise intubation-associated interruption of chest compression. If necessary, the airway manager could request a pause of the ongoing chest compression. If intubation was not successful, the airway manager performed BVM ventilation twice and then reattempt intubation. After intubation, the airway manager used the BVM to check the lung distention to confirm successful intubation. Each simulation was ended after successful or failed intubation. Failed intubation was defined as either oesophageal intubation or three unsuccessful attempts.
The primary outcomes was chest compression fraction (CCF). The secondary outcomes was the intubation success rate. Chest compression depth, chest compression rate, and longest interruption time, and intubation time were also recorded.
Each CPR-intubation sequence comprised two segments: a compression segment and a hands-off segment. CCF was defined as the proportion of time spent on chest compression in each CPR-intubation sequence. The longest interruption time was defined as the longest hands-off duration in each sequence. An intubation attempt was defined as the insertion of the laryngoscope blade into the mouth and its subsequent withdrawal from the mouth. Intubation time was defined as the period between the start and the end of an intubation attempt. The time spent checking the endotracheal tube position by manual ventilation through the endotracheal tube was not included in the CPR-intubation sequence.
Two video cameras were setup to record the entire simulation process. Two observers reviewed the video records independently to identify the start and end of each CPR-intubation sequence, any intubation attempts, and the hands-off and compression segments of each sequence. Disagreements were resolved by reaching mutual consensus. The HQCPR application on an Android device recorded chest compression depth, rate, and interruptions (defined as no chest compression [hands off] for >1 s). The data from both the video recording and the HQCPR application were used in subsequent analysis.Continuous data are presented as medians with interquartile ranges, and categorical data are presented as frequency counts and percentages. The continuous data were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test in the first CPR-intubation sequence and the Mann-Whitney U test in the second and third sequences. The McNemar test was used to compare the intubation success rate in the first sequence, and Pearson's chi-square test was used for the second and third sequences. The continuous data from all three CPR-intubation sequences were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Post hoc analysis was performed using Conover's test.
The association of CPR quality metrics with successful intubation was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. The results of multivariate analyses are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A two-tailed P <0.05 indicates statistical significance. MedCalc Statistical Software version 19.2. (MedCalc Software, Ostend, Belgium) was used for data analysis.
- Conditions
- Airway Aspiration, Cardiopulmonary Arrest
- Being tested
- SALAD simulation device
- Keywords
- resuscitation, Airway decontamination, suction assisted
- Medical subject headings
- Heart Arrest
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
SALAD simulation deviceDevice
An airway CPR manikin was modified to simulate regurgitation during CPR . A manual pump was fixed on the bottom of the torso to simulate the stomach. A clear vinyl tube was connected the manikin's oesophagus and the outflow port of the pump. A water container outside the manikin was filled with simulated gastric content and connected to the inflow port of the pump through another vinyl tube. The manikin's left main bronchus was occluded using a red cap provided by the manufacturer. The lung was simulated by an anaesthesia breathing bag placed outside the manikin and connected to the manikin's right main bronchus via a breathing circuit. A compression pad was attached to the bottom of the manikin's compression plate. During chest compression, the compression pad squeezed the pump to regurgitate gastric contents into the oropharynx
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| clean airway | No intervention | CPR and endotracheal intubation in an airway without regurgitation |
| regurgitation airway | Experimental | CPR and endotracheal intubation in an airway with regurgitation Receives: Device: SALAD simulation device |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
chest compression fraction
the proportion of time spent performing chest compressions during arrest
Measured: 3 hours
Secondary outcomes (1)
intubation success rate
the rate of successful intubation
Measured: 3 hours
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Mar 2022
- Study start1 Jul 2018
- Primary completion11 Mar 2019
- Study completion11 Mar 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (28)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Airway AspirationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Two scenarios were simulated. CPR and ETI in an airway with regurgitation (oropharyngeal regurgitation scenario) and CPR and ETI in an airway without regurgitation (clean airway scenario). All EMT-Ps were assigned to participate initially in one of the scenarios. After all EMT-Ps had finished the first scenario, they switched to the other.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 54 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05278923
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 20180503R
- Status last verified
- Feb 2022
- First submitted
- 17 Feb 2022
- Last updated
- 5 May 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Simons RW, Rea TD, Becker LJ, Eisenberg MS. The incidence and significance of emesis associated with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2007 Sep;74(3):427-31. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.01.038. Epub 2007 Apr 11.
PubMed 17433526Virkkunen I, Kujala S, Ryynanen S, Vuori A, Pettila V, Yli-Hankala A, Silfvast T. Bystander mouth-to-mouth ventilation and regurgitation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Intern Med. 2006 Jul;260(1):39-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01664.x.
PubMed 16789977Virkkunen I, Ryynanen S, Kujala S, Vuori A, Piilonen A, Kaaria JP, Kahara V, Pettila V, Yli-Hankala A, Silfvast T. Incidence of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in survivors from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007 Feb;51(2):202-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01229.x.
PubMed 17261147Prekker ME, Kwok H, Shin J, Carlbom D, Grabinsky A, Rea TD. The process of prehospital airway management: challenges and solutions during paramedic endotracheal intubation. Crit Care Med. 2014 Jun;42(6):1372-8. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000213.
PubMed 24589641Piegeler T, Roessler B, Goliasch G, Fischer H, Schlaepfer M, Lang S, Ruetzler K. Evaluation of six different airway devices regarding regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - A human cadaver pilot study. Resuscitation. 2016 May;102:70-4. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.02.017. Epub 2016 Feb 26.
PubMed 26921473Wang HE, Simeone SJ, Weaver MD, Callaway CW. Interruptions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation from paramedic endotracheal intubation. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Nov;54(5):645-652.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.05.024. Epub 2009 Jul 2.
PubMed 19573949Kurz MC, Prince DK, Christenson J, Carlson J, Stub D, Cheskes S, Lin S, Aziz M, Austin M, Vaillancourt C, Colvin J, Wang HE; ROC Investigators. Association of advanced airway device with chest compression fraction during out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Resuscitation. 2016 Jan;98:35-40. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.10.011. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
PubMed 26520783Ruetzler K, Gruber C, Nabecker S, Wohlfarth P, Priemayr A, Frass M, Kimberger O, Sessler DI, Roessler B. Hands-off time during insertion of six airway devices during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomised manikin trial. Resuscitation. 2011 Aug;82(8):1060-3. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.03.027. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
PubMed 21514986Wang HE, Schmicker RH, Daya MR, Stephens SW, Idris AH, Carlson JN, Colella MR, Herren H, Hansen M, Richmond NJ, Puyana JCJ, Aufderheide TP, Gray RE, Gray PC, Verkest M, Owens PC, Brienza AM, Sternig KJ, May SJ, Sopko GR, Weisfeldt ML, Nichol G. Effect of a Strategy of Initial Laryngeal Tube Insertion vs Endotracheal Intubation on 72-Hour Survival in Adults With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018 Aug 28;320(8):769-778. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.7044.
PubMed 30167699Voss S, Rhys M, Coates D, Greenwood R, Nolan JP, Thomas M, Benger J. How do paramedics manage the airway during out of hospital cardiac arrest? Resuscitation. 2014 Dec;85(12):1662-6. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.09.008. Epub 2014 Sep 26.
PubMed 25260723Nolan JP, Maconochie I, Soar J, Olasveengen TM, Greif R, Wyckoff MH, Singletary EM, Aickin R, Berg KM, Mancini ME, Bhanji F, Wyllie J, Zideman D, Neumar RW, Perkins GD, Castren M, Morley PT, Montgomery WH, Nadkarni VM, Billi JE, Merchant RM, de Caen A, Escalante-Kanashiro R, Kloeck D, Wang TL, Hazinski MF. Executive Summary: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2020 Oct 20;142(16_suppl_1):S2-S27. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000890. Epub 2020 Oct 21. No abstract available.
PubMed 33084397Meaney PA, Bobrow BJ, Mancini ME, Christenson J, de Caen AR, Bhanji F, Abella BS, Kleinman ME, Edelson DP, Berg RA, Aufderheide TP, Menon V, Leary M; CPR Quality Summit Investigators, the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, and the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality: [corrected] improving cardiac resuscitation outcomes both inside and outside the hospital: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013 Jul 23;128(4):417-35. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829d8654. Epub 2013 Jun 25.
PubMed 23801105DuCanto J, Serrano KD, Thompson RJ. Novel Airway Training Tool that Simulates Vomiting: Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy Assisted Decontamination (SALAD) System. West J Emerg Med. 2017 Jan;18(1):117-120. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2016.9.30891. Epub 2016 Nov 8.
PubMed 28116021Root CW, Mitchell OJL, Brown R, Evers CB, Boyle J, Griffin C, West FM, Gomm E, Miles E, McGuire B, Swaminathan A, St George J, Horowitz JM, DuCanto J. Suction Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination (SALAD): A technique for improved emergency airway management. Resusc Plus. 2020 May 21;1-2:100005. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2020.100005. eCollection 2020 Mar-Jun.
PubMed 34223292Christenson J, Andrusiek D, Everson-Stewart S, Kudenchuk P, Hostler D, Powell J, Callaway CW, Bishop D, Vaillancourt C, Davis D, Aufderheide TP, Idris A, Stouffer JA, Stiell I, Berg R; Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Investigators. Chest compression fraction determines survival in patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Circulation. 2009 Sep 29;120(13):1241-7. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.852202. Epub 2009 Sep 14.
PubMed 19752324
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 May 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Impact of Soiled Airway Management on CPR Quality
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05278923
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 20180503R
- Conditions
- Airway Aspiration, Cardiopulmonary Arrest
- Keywords
- resuscitation, Airway decontamination, suction assisted
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 54 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jul 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 11 Mar 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 11 Mar 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Regurgitation is an adverse event common during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and occurs in 20%-32% of patients experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). It can impair ventilation, induce aspiration, and decrease survival to hospital discharge. Gastric fluid in the airway obscures the laryngeal view, thereby considerably decreasing the first-pass success of endotracheal intubation (ETI) by paramedics.
A human cadaver study reported that ETI outperforms other airway management devices, such as the i-gel, laryngeal mask, and laryngeal tube, in preventing aspiration when regurgitation occurs during CPR. However, ETI is also associated with multiple and prolonged CPR pauses.Compared with the use of supraglottic airway (SGA) devices, ETI results in more hands-off time during CPR. Recent randomised clinical trials have revealed that airway management with an SGA device provides superior outcomes to those of ETI in patients with OHCA. However, ETI remains the preferred management strategy for an airway affected by regurgitation in patients with OHCA.
Current guidelines focus on the quality of CPR because it is a key determinant of survival in patients with OHCA. However, evidence regarding the impact of regurgitation during ETI on CPR quality is limited. This manikin simulation study assessed CPR quality during ETI in airways with and without regurgitation.
Detailed description
This is a prospective compare study. 54 EMT-Ps, are involved to evaluate the impact of airway management on CPR quality.
The Study uses SALAD training tool for training. The SALAD training tool include Nasco Intubation CPR manikin, which could vomit by pumping liquid into distal esophagus, and HQCPR feedback machine. Two scenarios were simulated. CPR and ETI in an airway with regurgitation (oropharyngeal regurgitation scenario) and CPR and ETI in an airway without regurgitation (clean airway scenario). All EMT-Ps were randomly assigned to participate initially in one of the scenarios. After all EMT-Ps had finished the first scenario, they switched to the other. Three EMT-Ps formed a resuscitation team and played one of the following roles: airway manager, first compressor, or second compressor. In each scenario, each EMT-P was required to take a turn playing all three roles. During each simulation, the airway manager performed BVM ventilation, and the first and second compressors alternately provided chest compression for every five cycles of CPR, with a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2 .
After the first five cycles of CPR, the airway manager was asked to perform intubation during the ongoing chest compression to minimise intubation-associated interruption of chest compression. If necessary, the airway manager could request a pause of the ongoing chest compression. If intubation was not successful, the airway manager performed BVM ventilation twice and then reattempt intubation. After intubation, the airway manager used the BVM to check the lung distention to confirm successful intubation. Each simulation was ended after successful or failed intubation. Failed intubation was defined as either oesophageal intubation or three unsuccessful attempts.
The primary outcomes was chest compression fraction (CCF). The secondary outcomes was the intubation success rate. Chest compression depth, chest compression rate, and longest interruption time, and intubation time were also recorded.
Each CPR-intubation sequence comprised two segments: a compression segment and a hands-off segment. CCF was defined as the proportion of time spent on chest compression in each CPR-intubation sequence. The longest interruption time was defined as the longest hands-off duration in each sequence. An intubation attempt was defined as the insertion of the laryngoscope blade into the mouth and its subsequent withdrawal from the mouth. Intubation time was defined as the period between the start and the end of an intubation attempt. The time spent checking the endotracheal tube position by manual ventilation through the endotracheal tube was not included in the CPR-intubation sequence.
Two video cameras were setup to record the entire simulation process. Two observers reviewed the video records independently to identify the start and end of each CPR-intubation sequence, any intubation attempts, and the hands-off and compression segments of each sequence. Disagreements were resolved by reaching mutual consensus. The HQCPR application on an Android device recorded chest compression depth, rate, and interruptions (defined as no chest compression [hands off] for >1 s). The data from both the video recording and the HQCPR application were used in subsequent analysis.Continuous data are presented as medians with interquartile ranges, and categorical data are presented as frequency counts and percentages. The continuous data were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test in the first CPR-intubation sequence and the Mann-Whitney U test in the second and third sequences. The McNemar test was used to compare the intubation success rate in the first sequence, and Pearson's chi-square test was used for the second and third sequences. The continuous data from all three CPR-intubation sequences were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Post hoc analysis was performed using Conover's test.
The association of CPR quality metrics with successful intubation was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. The results of multivariate analyses are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A two-tailed P <0.05 indicates statistical significance. MedCalc Statistical Software version 19.2. (MedCalc Software, Ostend, Belgium) was used for data analysis.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Two scenarios were simulated. CPR and ETI in an airway with regurgitation (oropharyngeal regurgitation scenario) and CPR and ETI in an airway without regurgitation (clean airway scenario). All EMT-Ps were assigned to participate initially in one of the scenarios. After all EMT-Ps had finished the first scenario, they switched to the other.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| clean airway | No intervention | –CPR and endotracheal intubation in an airway without regurgitation |
| regurgitation airway | Experimental | Device: SALAD simulation deviceCPR and endotracheal intubation in an airway with regurgitation |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- emergency medical technician-paramedics experienced in advanced airway management and CPR
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- NA
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| SALAD simulation deviceAn airway CPR manikin was modified to simulate regurgitation during CPR . A manual pump was fixed on the bottom of the torso to simulate the stomach. A clear vinyl tube was connected the manikin's oesophagus and the outflow port of the pump. A water container outside the manikin was filled with simulated gastric content and connected to the inflow port of the pump through another vinyl tube. The manikin's left main bronchus was occluded using a red cap provided by the manufacturer. The lung was simulated by an anaesthesia breathing bag placed outside the manikin and connected to the manikin's right main bronchus via a breathing circuit. A compression pad was attached to the bottom of the manikin's compression plate. During chest compression, the compression pad squeezed the pump to regurgitate gastric contents into the oropharynx | Device | regurgitation airway |
Primary outcome
chest compression fraction
Time frame: 3 hours
the proportion of time spent performing chest compressions during arrest
1 secondary outcome
intubation success rate
Time frame: 3 hours
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 May 2022.
- Background: PubMed 17433526Simons RW, Rea TD, Becker LJ, Eisenberg MS. The incidence and significance of emesis associated with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2007 Sep;74(3):427-31. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.01.038. Epub 2007 Apr 11.
- Background: PubMed 16789977Virkkunen I, Kujala S, Ryynanen S, Vuori A, Pettila V, Yli-Hankala A, Silfvast T. Bystander mouth-to-mouth ventilation and regurgitation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Intern Med. 2006 Jul;260(1):39-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01664.x.
- Background: PubMed 17261147Virkkunen I, Ryynanen S, Kujala S, Vuori A, Piilonen A, Kaaria JP, Kahara V, Pettila V, Yli-Hankala A, Silfvast T. Incidence of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in survivors from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007 Feb;51(2):202-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01229.x.
- Background: PubMed 24589641Prekker ME, Kwok H, Shin J, Carlbom D, Grabinsky A, Rea TD. The process of prehospital airway management: challenges and solutions during paramedic endotracheal intubation. Crit Care Med. 2014 Jun;42(6):1372-8. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000213.
- Background: PubMed 26921473Piegeler T, Roessler B, Goliasch G, Fischer H, Schlaepfer M, Lang S, Ruetzler K. Evaluation of six different airway devices regarding regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - A human cadaver pilot study. Resuscitation. 2016 May;102:70-4. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.02.017. Epub 2016 Feb 26.
- Background: PubMed 19573949Wang HE, Simeone SJ, Weaver MD, Callaway CW. Interruptions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation from paramedic endotracheal intubation. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Nov;54(5):645-652.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.05.024. Epub 2009 Jul 2.
- Background: PubMed 26520783Kurz MC, Prince DK, Christenson J, Carlson J, Stub D, Cheskes S, Lin S, Aziz M, Austin M, Vaillancourt C, Colvin J, Wang HE; ROC Investigators. Association of advanced airway device with chest compression fraction during out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Resuscitation. 2016 Jan;98:35-40. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.10.011. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
- Background: PubMed 21514986Ruetzler K, Gruber C, Nabecker S, Wohlfarth P, Priemayr A, Frass M, Kimberger O, Sessler DI, Roessler B. Hands-off time during insertion of six airway devices during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomised manikin trial. Resuscitation. 2011 Aug;82(8):1060-3. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.03.027. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
- Background: PubMed 30167699Wang HE, Schmicker RH, Daya MR, Stephens SW, Idris AH, Carlson JN, Colella MR, Herren H, Hansen M, Richmond NJ, Puyana JCJ, Aufderheide TP, Gray RE, Gray PC, Verkest M, Owens PC, Brienza AM, Sternig KJ, May SJ, Sopko GR, Weisfeldt ML, Nichol G. Effect of a Strategy of Initial Laryngeal Tube Insertion vs Endotracheal Intubation on 72-Hour Survival in Adults With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018 Aug 28;320(8):769-778. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.7044.
- Background: PubMed 25260723Voss S, Rhys M, Coates D, Greenwood R, Nolan JP, Thomas M, Benger J. How do paramedics manage the airway during out of hospital cardiac arrest? Resuscitation. 2014 Dec;85(12):1662-6. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.09.008. Epub 2014 Sep 26.
- Background: PubMed 33084397Nolan JP, Maconochie I, Soar J, Olasveengen TM, Greif R, Wyckoff MH, Singletary EM, Aickin R, Berg KM, Mancini ME, Bhanji F, Wyllie J, Zideman D, Neumar RW, Perkins GD, Castren M, Morley PT, Montgomery WH, Nadkarni VM, Billi JE, Merchant RM, de Caen A, Escalante-Kanashiro R, Kloeck D, Wang TL, Hazinski MF. Executive Summary: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2020 Oct 20;142(16_suppl_1):S2-S27. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000890. Epub 2020 Oct 21. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 23801105Meaney PA, Bobrow BJ, Mancini ME, Christenson J, de Caen AR, Bhanji F, Abella BS, Kleinman ME, Edelson DP, Berg RA, Aufderheide TP, Menon V, Leary M; CPR Quality Summit Investigators, the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, and the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality: [corrected] improving cardiac resuscitation outcomes both inside and outside the hospital: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013 Jul 23;128(4):417-35. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829d8654. Epub 2013 Jun 25.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Azoospermia, Nonobstructive, Infertility, Male
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing SALAD simulation device in people with Airway Aspiration and Cardiopulmonary Arrest, run by Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 May 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
chest compression fraction (time frame: 3 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05278923, which also lists 28 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 May 2022.