Weightbearing Restrictions on Postoperative Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Surgery for FAI

Non-contrast MRI will be documented and used to assess for the presence of a labrum tear, articular cartilage lesions, cystic changes within the femoral neck or acetabulum.

All patients will undergo a pre-operative CT scan with three dimensional reconstructions of the hip joint. This permits improved visualization of the boney impingement lesions that are being treated at the time of surgery.

HAGOS includes six separate subscales assessing pain, symptoms, physical function in daily living, physical function in sport and recreation, participation in physical activity and hip/groin-related quality of life and is designed for use with young to middle-aged physically active individuals with hip pain. Questions are answered on a five-point scale, with "0" indicating no problems, and 4 indicating extreme problems.

HSAS will indicate the patient's pre surgical and current level of sports participation using a nine-point scale ranging from no recreational or competitive sports ("0") to competitive, elite level sport ("8").

The Hip-RSI includes six questions regarding an athlete's readiness to return to sport using questions evaluating the athlete's emotional state, their confidence in performance, and their appraisal of risk related to their sport and injury. Each question is graded from 0 to 100, with variable definitions including 0 being "Not confident at all", and 100 being "fully confident", with higher scores indicating higher readiness to return to sport.

The SANE score is a single question that asks patients to rate their affected hip as a percentage of normal to provide a simple and efficient measure of patient outcome 8. All patients will be asked the following question during their clinical exam: "How would you rate your affected hip today as a percentage of normal (0% to 100% scale with 100% being normal)?"

Surgical complications will be documented at the time of surgery and at each postoperative interval. A surgical complication is defined as any undesirable, unintended and direct result of an operation affecting the patient that would not have occurred had the operation gone well as could reasonably be hoped (i.e. infection, neurological injury). Revisions and re-operations will be documented, including the reason for failure, date of revision/reoperation, and the procedure performed. A revision is defined as a subsequent surgery performed to correct or compensate for the initial procedure. Re-operation is defined as any surgical procedure other than a revision.

Postoperative pain will be self-reported on a 100mm visual analogue scale (VAS) in a logbook. Medication type and quantity will also be documented. The Postoperative Pain and Medication Logbook has been previously used by the authors in an ACL population. ) on the scale will represent "No pain at all", and 100 will represent "Wort pain possible".

Isometric hip abduction and extension will be measured in the side-lying and prone positions with a hand-held dynamometer (Chatillon DFX2, Ametek, PA, USA) positioned 5 cm proximal to the most prominent aspect of the malleolus. Four maximal holds of 5 seconds separated by 15 seconds rest will be completed after two submaximal familiarizations with 30 seconds of rest between attempts 25.

Five repetitions of concentric, isokinetic hip flexion and extension peak torque will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex, Medical System 3, NY, USA) with the patient in the supine position (0 degrees to 50 degrees hip flexion at 60 degrees/second). Hamstring strength will be measured with the NordBord Hamstring Dynamometer (Vald, Qld, Aus).

Participants will complete a standardized battery consisting of the drop vertical jump (jumping from a 30cm box to force plates positioned at a distance of 50% of their height from the starting line), a counter movement jump (jumping from the standing position with the hands on the hips on dual force plates), a squat jump and a single leg countermovement jump. Jump attempts will be recorded with three cameras (one frontal, two sagittal plane views) to assess maximal joint angles of the ankle, knee and hip. Anatomical markers for kinematic analysis of the lower extremity will be placed bilaterally at the following sites: anterior superior iliac spine, lateral iliac crest, greater trochanter, mid-thigh, medial and lateral knee joint line, tibial tubercle, mid-shank, distal shank, medial and lateral malleolus, and to the foot at the heel, dorsal surface of the lateral mid-foot, and toe with adhesive tape to the shoes

A standardized battery of hop tests will be completed including the single leg hop, triple hop, triple crossover hop and medial and lateral triple hops for distance. Distances will be measured from the starting line to the posterior surface of the heel at landing with a standard tape measure

The participant will run 15 m, complete an 180o change of direction and run back to the starting line, with timing gates positioned at the 10 m mark to time the direction change (Brower Timing Systems, UT, USA).

Electromyographic (EMG) data will be collected per Surface Electromyography for the Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscles (SENIAM) standards on the upper and lower portions of the gluteus maximus muscle group (two finger widths above and below the midline between the posterior superior iliac spine and the greater trochanter of the femur for the upper and lower gluteus maximum respectively) and gluteus medius (proximal 1/3 of the distance between the iliac crest and the greater trochanter) following preparation of the skin (shaving and cleaning of the skin with isopropyl alcohol). Prior to testing, maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the gluteal muscles will be completed for normalization purposes. Peak EMG amplitudes for the gluteal muscles normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contractions will be collected during isometric hip abduction and extension and isokinetic hip flexion and extension and compared between the affected and unaffected limb, and between treatment groups