Multiple SclerosisNCT05377476
Effects of Motor Imagery and Action Observation in People With Multiple Sclerosis
A study testing Motor Imagery training, Action Observation training and standard rehabilitation in people with Multiple Sclerosis, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
It was planned to examine the effects of motor imagery and action observation applied in addition to standard rehabilitation in people with multiple sclerosis on walking, fatigue, and trunk control. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Multiple Sclerosis
- What is being tested?
- Motor Imagery training, Action Observation training and standard rehabilitation
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 48 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2022to 1 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being between the ages of 18-65
- A definitive diagnosis of MS by a neurologist according to the 2017 McDonald Criteria
- Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 4.0 and below (it is determined routinely by the physician during the examination)
- Not having an attack in the last 3 months
- A minimum score of 4 in each motor imagery ability (internal visual imagery, external visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery) on the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3)
Who cannot join
- cognitive impairment, defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of less than 24
- Having another musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, or neurological disease severe enough to preclude participation in the study.
- Having severe vision and hearing problems
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Investigation of the Effects of Motor Imagery and Action Observation in People With Multiple Sclerosis
It was planned to examine the effects of motor imagery and action observation applied in addition to standard rehabilitation in people with multiple sclerosis on walking, fatigue, and trunk control.
- Conditions
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Being tested
- Motor Imagery training, Action Observation training, standard rehabilitation
- Keywords
- Multiple Sclerosis, Motor Imagery, Action Observation, Walking, Fatigue, Trunk Control
- Medical subject headings
- Multiple Sclerosis, Fatigue
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Motor Imagery trainingOther
Individuals included in this group will receive 20 minutes of motor imagery training in addition to 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation.
Action Observation trainingOther
Individuals included in this group will receive 20 minutes of action observation training in addition to 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation.
standard rehabilitationOther
40 minutes of standard rehabilitation.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Motor Imagery Group | Experimental | Individuals included in this group will receive 20 minutes of motor imagery training in addition to 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation. Patients will be trained 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Receives: Other: Motor Imagery training; Other: standard rehabilitation |
| Action Observation Group | Experimental | Individuals included in this group will receive 20 minutes of action observation training in addition to 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation. Patients will be trained 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Receives: Other: Action Observation training; Other: standard rehabilitation |
| Control Group | Other | Individuals included in this group will receive only 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation. Patients will be trained 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Receives: Other: standard rehabilitation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
6 Min Walking Test
It will be used to measure walking distance. Before the test is administered, individuals will be given the necessary information and will be asked to walk as fast as possible on a 30-meter track for 6 minutes.
Measured: 6 week
Secondary outcomes (5)
Timed Up and Go Test
It will be used to evaluate the dynamic balance of individuals while walking. Individuals will be asked to stand up from the chair they are sitting on without support and walk a distance of 3 meters, then return from the designated area and sit on the chair without support.
Measured: 6 week
Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12
It is a scale used to measure perceived walking ability. The lowest possible total score on the scale is "12," while the highest is "60". An increase in the total score indicates a negative impact on walking ability.
Measured: 6 week
RehaGait® (Hasomed, Magdeburg, Germany) Gait Analysis
The device gives about the time-distance characteristics and kinematic data of the gait.
Measured: 6 week
Fatigue Severity Scale
It is a scale that evaluates the extent to which fatigue affects the daily functions of MS patients. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 7, while the highest score is 63. It is accepted that the severity of fatigue increases as the total score increases.
Measured: 6 week
Trunk Impairment Scale
Trunk control was assessed using the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), which consists of three subscales: static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance, and coordination. The lowest possible total score on the scale is "0", while the highest is "23". An increase in the total score indicates increased trunk control.
Measured: 6 week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 May 2022
- Study start1 Jun 2022
- Primary completion1 Apr 2024
- Study completion1 Jun 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Multiple SclerosisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Hacettepe UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Melike Sumeyye Ozen, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
- Investigators
- Melike Sumeyye Ozen, M.Sc., Principal investigator, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05377476
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2022-5
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 12 May 2022
- Last updated
- 19 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Investigation of the Effects of Motor Imagery and Action Observation in People With Multiple Sclerosis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05377476
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2022-5
- Conditions
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Keywords
- Multiple Sclerosis, Motor Imagery, Action Observation, Walking, Fatigue, Trunk Control
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 May 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
It was planned to examine the effects of motor imagery and action observation applied in addition to standard rehabilitation in people with multiple sclerosis on walking, fatigue, and trunk control.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Motor Imagery Group | Experimental | Other: Motor Imagery training, Other: standard rehabilitationIndividuals included in this group will receive 20 minutes of motor imagery training in addition to 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation. Patients will be trained 3 days a week for 6 weeks. |
| Action Observation Group | Experimental | Other: Action Observation training, Other: standard rehabilitationIndividuals included in this group will receive 20 minutes of action observation training in addition to 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation. Patients will be trained 3 days a week for 6 weeks. |
| Control Group | Other | Other: standard rehabilitationIndividuals included in this group will receive only 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation. Patients will be trained 3 days a week for 6 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Being between the ages of 18-65
- A definitive diagnosis of MS by a neurologist according to the 2017 McDonald Criteria
- Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 4.0 and below (it is determined routinely by the physician during the examination)
- Not having an attack in the last 3 months
- A minimum score of 4 in each motor imagery ability (internal visual imagery, external visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery) on the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3)
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- cognitive impairment, defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of less than 24
- Having another musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, or neurological disease severe enough to preclude participation in the study.
- Having severe vision and hearing problems
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Motor Imagery trainingIndividuals included in this group will receive 20 minutes of motor imagery training in addition to 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation. | Other | Motor Imagery Group |
| Action Observation trainingIndividuals included in this group will receive 20 minutes of action observation training in addition to 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation. | Other | Action Observation Group |
| standard rehabilitation40 minutes of standard rehabilitation. | Other | Action Observation Group, Control Group, Motor Imagery Group |
Primary outcome
6 Min Walking Test
Time frame: 6 week
It will be used to measure walking distance. Before the test is administered, individuals will be given the necessary information and will be asked to walk as fast as possible on a 30-meter track for 6 minutes.
5 secondary outcomes
Timed Up and Go Test
Time frame: 6 week
Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12
Time frame: 6 week
RehaGait® (Hasomed, Magdeburg, Germany) Gait Analysis
Time frame: 6 week
Fatigue Severity Scale
Time frame: 6 week
Trunk Impairment Scale
Time frame: 6 week
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Dec 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Melike Sumeyye Ozen, M.Sc. principal investigator
Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Motor Imagery training, Action Observation training and standard rehabilitation in people with Multiple Sclerosis, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
6 Min Walking Test (time frame: 6 week). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Dec 2025.