Trigger Point Pain, MyofascialITTPNCT05478928
Invasive Techniques in Trigger Points
A study testing Dynamic dry needling, Fixed dose dynamic MEP and Static Dry needling in people with Trigger Point Pain, Myofascial, run by Maimonides University at 1 site in Argentina.
Trial summary
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is present in up to 87% of the patients that present pain. MPS usually presents painful myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). One methodology used to quantify the pain in MPS is the algometry, which measures the pressure pain threshold (PPT). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 48 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Trigger Point Pain, Myofascial
- What is being tested?
- Dynamic dry needling, Fixed dose dynamic MEP and Static Dry needling
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteArgentina
- Study dates
- 15 Aug 2022to 15 Aug 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 48 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Neck pain during the last 6 months
- Presence of a palpable taut band in the upper trapezius
- Presence of a hypersensitive tender spot in the taut band, with local or referred pain elicitation in response to compression
- PPT less than 3 Kg/cm2
Who cannot join
- Previous cervical and/or shoulder surgical intervention.
- Phobia to needles.
- Temporomandibular disorders.
- Medicated with anticoagulants
- Still receiving a treatment for the myofascial trigger points (Physical therapy, NSAIDs, etc.)
- Diagnosis of fibromyalgia.
Show all 13Show fewer
- Radiculopathies and/or radicular pain
- Whiplash related neck pain
- Migraines
- Dizziness
- Endocrinal diseases
- Being pregnant
- Cancer
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Argentina1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Universidad Maimónides
Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires F.D., 1405
Oscar Ronzio, DHSc PT, +541149051140, ronzio.oscar@maimonides.edu
About this study
Official title: Effects of Invasive Techniques in Myofascial Trigger Points: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is present in up to 87% of the patients that present pain. MPS usually presents painful myofascial trigger points (MTrPs).
One methodology used to quantify the pain in MPS is the algometry, which measures the pressure pain threshold (PPT).
Read more
Invasive techniques in physiotherapy have become popular in the last years due to their clinical efficacy and evidence. Percutaneous Microelectrolysis (MEP®) and dry needling are techniques that are already in use for this syndrome.
MEP® is a technique that employs a galvanic current up to 990 microAmperes, which is applied percutaneously with an acupuncture needle connected to the cathode. It is also known as low intensity percutaneous electrolysis.
The aim of this study is to compare the effects in pain and muscle tone (measured with algometry and surface electromyography) of invasive techniques. Healthy subjects between 18 to 48 years old, both sex, presenting MTrPs in upper trapezius will be recruited.
The secondary objectives are to determine the discomfort degree of each technique and if it is better to use MEP® with a fixed dose or with an algorithm in which the dose varies.
The hypothesis, according to our previous studies, is that MEP® generates higher changes in PPT.
- Conditions
- Trigger Point Pain, Myofascial
- Being tested
- Dynamic dry needling, Fixed dose dynamic MEP, Static Dry needling, Fixed dose static MEP, Algorithm-based dose static MEP
- Keywords
- Trigger point, Percutaneous, Electrolysis, Physical Therapy Modalities
- Medical subject headings
- Myofascial Pain Syndromes
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Dynamic dry needlingOther
An acupuncture needle of 0.3 x 25 mm will be introduced perpendicularly into the upper trapezius trigger point. A movement with the needle will be done at 1 Hz for 120 seconds.
Fixed dose dynamic MEPDevice
Cathodic low intensity percutaneous electrolysis will be applied through an acupuncture needle of 0.3 x 25 mm in the upper trapezius trigger point. A movement with the needle will be done at 1 Hz with an intensity of 600 micro-Amperes. If the patient refers discomfort, the procedure will be stopped and resumed totalling 120 seconds (total dose of 72 mC).
Static Dry needlingOther
An acupuncture needle of 0.3 x 25 mm will be introduced perpendicularly into the upper trapezius trigger point for 120 seconds.
Fixed dose static MEPDevice
Cathodic low intensity percutaneous electrolysis will be applied through an acupuncture needle of 0.3 x 25 mm in the upper trapezius trigger point. The therapy will be done statically with an intensity of 600 micro-Amperes. If the patient refers discomfort, the procedure will be stopped and resumed totalling 120 seconds (total dose of 72 mC).
Algorithm-based dose static MEPDevice
Cathodic low intensity percutaneous electrolysis will be applied through an acupuncture needle of 0.3 x 25 mm in the upper trapezius trigger point. The therapy will be done statically, at 600 micro-Amperes. If the patient refers discomfort, the procedure will be stopped and resumed. Treatment will finish when the patient does not refer any discomfort for a period longer than 60 seconds. Total dose in mC will be registered.
PlaceboOther
An acupuncture needle of 0.3 x 25 mm will be introduced perpendicularly up to 3 mm deep into the upper trapezius trigger point for 120 seconds.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamic dry needling | Experimental | Dynamic dry needling will be done in the upper trapezius trigger point. Receives: Other: Dynamic dry needling |
| Fixed dose dynamic MEP | Experimental | Dynamic low intensity percutaneous electrolysis will be applied in the upper trapezius trigger point with a fixed dose. Receives: Device: Fixed dose dynamic MEP |
| Static dry needling: | Experimental | Static dry needling will be done in the upper trapezius trigger point. Receives: Other: Static Dry needling |
| Fixed dose static MEP | Experimental | Static low intensity percutaneous electrolysis will be applied in the upper trapezius trigger point with a fixed dose. Receives: Device: Fixed dose static MEP |
| Algorithm-based dose static MEP | Experimental | Low intensity percutaneous electrolysis will be applied in the upper trapezius trigger point with an algorithm-based dose. Receives: Device: Algorithm-based dose static MEP |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | An acupuncture needle will be slightly introduced into the upper trapezius trigger point. Receives: Other: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) - Baseline
Algometry is used to measure the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT). PPT is defined as the minimum force applied which induces pain. It will be applied in the Myofascial Trigger points.
Measured: Baseline
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) - 10 minutes
Algometry is used to measure the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT). PPT is defined as the minimum force applied which induces pain. It will be applied in the Myofascial Trigger points.
Measured: 10 minutes
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) - 24 hours
Algometry is used to measure the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT). PPT is defined as the minimum force applied which induces pain. It will be applied in the Myofascial Trigger points.
Measured: 24 hours
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) - 48 hours
Algometry is used to measure the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT). PPT is defined as the minimum force applied which induces pain. It will be applied in the Myofascial Trigger points.
Measured: 48 hours
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) - Day 7
Algometry is used to measure the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT). PPT is defined as the minimum force applied which induces pain. It will be applied in the Myofascial Trigger points.
Measured: Day 7
Surface electromyography at rest - Baseline
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at rest to determine the basal tone. Peak voltage and root mean square (RMS) voltage will be informed.
Measured: Baseline
Surface electromyography at rest - 10 minutes
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at rest to determine the basal tone. Peak voltage and root mean square (RMS) voltage will be informed.
Measured: 10 minutes
Surface electromyography at rest - 24 hours
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at rest to determine the basal tone. Peak voltage and root mean square (RMS) voltage will be informed.
Measured: 24 hours
Surface electromyography at rest - 48 hours
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at rest to determine the basal tone. Peak voltage and root mean square (RMS) voltage will be informed.
Measured: 48 hours
Surface electromyography at rest - Day 7
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at rest to determine the basal tone. Peak voltage and root mean square (RMS) voltage will be informed.
Measured: Day 7
Surface electromyography at maximum voluntary contraction - Baseline
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at maximum voluntary contraction to determine the recruitment. Peak voltage and RMS voltage will be informed.
Measured: Baseline
Surface electromyography at maximum voluntary contraction - 10 minutes
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at maximum voluntary contraction to determine the recruitment. Peak voltage and RMS voltage will be informed.
Measured: 10 minutes
Surface electromyography at maximum voluntary contraction - 24 hours
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at maximum voluntary contraction to determine the recruitment. Peak voltage and RMS voltage will be informed.
Measured: 24 hours
Surface electromyography at maximum voluntary contraction - 48 hours
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at maximum voluntary contraction to determine the recruitment. Peak voltage and RMS voltage will be informed.
Measured: 48 hours
Surface electromyography at maximum voluntary contraction - Day 7
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at maximum voluntary contraction to determine the recruitment. Peak voltage and RMS voltage will be informed.
Measured: Day 7
Secondary outcomes (3)
Visual Analogue Scale of the procedure
To determine how unpleasant the procedure is, the visual analog scale (VAS) will be used.
Expresed in centimeters.
Minimum value: 0 Maximum value: 10 A higher score implicates a worse outcome.
Measured: Immediately after the intervention
Post-needling soreness
To determine how unpleasant the post-needling soreness is, a pain diary with the visual analog scale (VAS) will be used. The patient will register the pain intensity in the needle area.
Expresed in centimeters.
Minimum value: 0 Maximum value: 10 A higher score implicates a worse outcome.
Measured: Four times per day (in the morning, before lunch, in the afternoon, and in the evening) during the seven days following intervention.
Dose
To determine the amount of electric charge applied, the millicoulombs (mC) informed in the MEP device will be recorded.
Measured: Immediately after the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Jul 2022
- Study start15 Aug 2022 (estimated)
- Primary completion15 Aug 2023 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Aug 2023 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Trigger Point Pain, MyofascialStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Maimonides University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Oscar Ronzio, Maimonides University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05478928
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 863
- Acronym
- ITTP
- Status last verified
- Jul 2022
- First submitted
- 25 Jul 2022
- Last updated
- 28 Jul 2022
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Girasol CE, Duran NE, D'Almeida SM, Ronzio OA. Toward an algorithm of percutaneous microelectrolysis: a randomized clinical trial on invasive techniques. Sao Paulo Med J. 2025 Aug 11;143(5):e2024164. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2024.0164.R1.07032025. eCollection 2025.
PubMed 40802423
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Jul 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Invasive Techniques in Myofascial Trigger Points: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05478928
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ITTP / 863
- Conditions
- Trigger Point Pain, Myofascial
- Keywords
- Trigger point, Percutaneous, Electrolysis, Physical Therapy Modalities
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Maimonides UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Aug 2022 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 15 Aug 2023 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Aug 2023 (estimated)
- First posted
- 28 Jul 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is present in up to 87% of the patients that present pain. MPS usually presents painful myofascial trigger points (MTrPs).
One methodology used to quantify the pain in MPS is the algometry, which measures the pressure pain threshold (PPT).
Invasive techniques in physiotherapy have become popular in the last years due to their clinical efficacy and evidence. Percutaneous Microelectrolysis (MEP®) and dry needling are techniques that are already in use for this syndrome.
MEP® is a technique that employs a galvanic current up to 990 microAmperes, which is applied percutaneously with an acupuncture needle connected to the cathode. It is also known as low intensity percutaneous electrolysis.
The aim of this study is to compare the effects in pain and muscle tone (measured with algometry and surface electromyography) of invasive techniques. Healthy subjects between 18 to 48 years old, both sex, presenting MTrPs in upper trapezius will be recruited.
The secondary objectives are to determine the discomfort degree of each technique and if it is better to use MEP® with a fixed dose or with an algorithm in which the dose varies.
The hypothesis, according to our previous studies, is that MEP® generates higher changes in PPT.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 6
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamic dry needling | Experimental | Other: Dynamic dry needlingDynamic dry needling will be done in the upper trapezius trigger point. |
| Fixed dose dynamic MEP | Experimental | Device: Fixed dose dynamic MEPDynamic low intensity percutaneous electrolysis will be applied in the upper trapezius trigger point with a fixed dose. |
| Static dry needling: | Experimental | Other: Static Dry needlingStatic dry needling will be done in the upper trapezius trigger point. |
| Fixed dose static MEP | Experimental | Device: Fixed dose static MEPStatic low intensity percutaneous electrolysis will be applied in the upper trapezius trigger point with a fixed dose. |
| Algorithm-based dose static MEP | Experimental | Device: Algorithm-based dose static MEPLow intensity percutaneous electrolysis will be applied in the upper trapezius trigger point with an algorithm-based dose. |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Other: PlaceboAn acupuncture needle will be slightly introduced into the upper trapezius trigger point. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 48 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Neck pain during the last 6 months
- Presence of a palpable taut band in the upper trapezius
- Presence of a hypersensitive tender spot in the taut band, with local or referred pain elicitation in response to compression
- PPT less than 3 Kg/cm2
Key exclusion criteria (13 listed)
- Previous cervical and/or shoulder surgical intervention.
- Phobia to needles.
- Temporomandibular disorders.
- Medicated with anticoagulants
- Still receiving a treatment for the myofascial trigger points (Physical therapy, NSAIDs, etc.)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamic dry needlingAn acupuncture needle of 0.3 x 25 mm will be introduced perpendicularly into the upper trapezius trigger point. A movement with the needle will be done at 1 Hz for 120 seconds. | Other | Dynamic dry needling |
| Fixed dose dynamic MEPCathodic low intensity percutaneous electrolysis will be applied through an acupuncture needle of 0.3 x 25 mm in the upper trapezius trigger point. A movement with the needle will be done at 1 Hz with an intensity of 600 micro-Amperes. If the patient refers discomfort, the procedure will be stopped and resumed totalling 120 seconds (total dose of 72 mC). | Device | Fixed dose dynamic MEP |
| Static Dry needlingAn acupuncture needle of 0.3 x 25 mm will be introduced perpendicularly into the upper trapezius trigger point for 120 seconds. | Other | Static dry needling: |
| Fixed dose static MEPCathodic low intensity percutaneous electrolysis will be applied through an acupuncture needle of 0.3 x 25 mm in the upper trapezius trigger point. The therapy will be done statically with an intensity of 600 micro-Amperes. If the patient refers discomfort, the procedure will be stopped and resumed totalling 120 seconds (total dose of 72 mC). | Device | Fixed dose static MEP |
| Algorithm-based dose static MEPCathodic low intensity percutaneous electrolysis will be applied through an acupuncture needle of 0.3 x 25 mm in the upper trapezius trigger point. The therapy will be done statically, at 600 micro-Amperes. If the patient refers discomfort, the procedure will be stopped and resumed. Treatment will finish when the patient does not refer any discomfort for a period longer than 60 seconds. Total dose in mC will be registered. | Device | Algorithm-based dose static MEP |
| PlaceboAn acupuncture needle of 0.3 x 25 mm will be introduced perpendicularly up to 3 mm deep into the upper trapezius trigger point for 120 seconds. | Other | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) - Baseline
Time frame: Baseline
Algometry is used to measure the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT). PPT is defined as the minimum force applied which induces pain. It will be applied in the Myofascial Trigger points.
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) - 10 minutes
Time frame: 10 minutes
Algometry is used to measure the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT). PPT is defined as the minimum force applied which induces pain. It will be applied in the Myofascial Trigger points.
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) - 24 hours
Time frame: 24 hours
Algometry is used to measure the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT). PPT is defined as the minimum force applied which induces pain. It will be applied in the Myofascial Trigger points.
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) - 48 hours
Time frame: 48 hours
Algometry is used to measure the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT). PPT is defined as the minimum force applied which induces pain. It will be applied in the Myofascial Trigger points.
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) - Day 7
Time frame: Day 7
Algometry is used to measure the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT). PPT is defined as the minimum force applied which induces pain. It will be applied in the Myofascial Trigger points.
Surface electromyography at rest - Baseline
Time frame: Baseline
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at rest to determine the basal tone. Peak voltage and root mean square (RMS) voltage will be informed.
Surface electromyography at rest - 10 minutes
Time frame: 10 minutes
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at rest to determine the basal tone. Peak voltage and root mean square (RMS) voltage will be informed.
Surface electromyography at rest - 24 hours
Time frame: 24 hours
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at rest to determine the basal tone. Peak voltage and root mean square (RMS) voltage will be informed.
Surface electromyography at rest - 48 hours
Time frame: 48 hours
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at rest to determine the basal tone. Peak voltage and root mean square (RMS) voltage will be informed.
Surface electromyography at rest - Day 7
Time frame: Day 7
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at rest to determine the basal tone. Peak voltage and root mean square (RMS) voltage will be informed.
Surface electromyography at maximum voluntary contraction - Baseline
Time frame: Baseline
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at maximum voluntary contraction to determine the recruitment. Peak voltage and RMS voltage will be informed.
Surface electromyography at maximum voluntary contraction - 10 minutes
Time frame: 10 minutes
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at maximum voluntary contraction to determine the recruitment. Peak voltage and RMS voltage will be informed.
Surface electromyography at maximum voluntary contraction - 24 hours
Time frame: 24 hours
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at maximum voluntary contraction to determine the recruitment. Peak voltage and RMS voltage will be informed.
Surface electromyography at maximum voluntary contraction - 48 hours
Time frame: 48 hours
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at maximum voluntary contraction to determine the recruitment. Peak voltage and RMS voltage will be informed.
Surface electromyography at maximum voluntary contraction - Day 7
Time frame: Day 7
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure muscular electrical activity at maximum voluntary contraction to determine the recruitment. Peak voltage and RMS voltage will be informed.
3 secondary outcomes
Visual Analogue Scale of the procedure
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention
Post-needling soreness
Time frame: Four times per day (in the morning, before lunch, in the afternoon, and in the evening) during the seven days following intervention.
Dose
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Jul 2022.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40802423Girasol CE, Duran NE, D'Almeida SM, Ronzio OA. Toward an algorithm of percutaneous microelectrolysis: a randomized clinical trial on invasive techniques. Sao Paulo Med J. 2025 Aug 11;143(5):e2024164. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2024.0164.R1.07032025. eCollection 2025.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Dynamic dry needling, Fixed dose dynamic MEP and Static Dry needling in people with Trigger Point Pain, Myofascial, run by Maimonides University at 1 site in Argentina.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 13 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Jul 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Argentina. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Oscar Ronzio, DHSc PT (541149051140, ronzio.oscar@maimonides.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) - Baseline (time frame: Baseline). The study lists 15 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05478928, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Jul 2022.