Cognitive ChangeNCT05488600
Executive Functions in Elite Athletes
An observational study of Cognitive Change, run by Istanbul Medipol University Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
In the study, it was aimed to compare the executive functions of elite athletes who do team sports and individual sports with each other and with individuals who do not do sports. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Cognitive Change
- What is being tested?
- Executive Function Assessment
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2022to 1 Jun 2022
- How long will I take part?
- 1 Day
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Elite athletes participating in national and international competitions in Turkish Basketball Federation, Turkish Volleyball Federation and Turkish Football Federation clubs and Gaziantep Youth Sports Center
Who may be able to join
- Be between 20-30 years old
- Have been doing sports for at least 5 years
- Being an elite athlete
- Being actively involved in sports
Who cannot join
- Having any psychological or neurological disease
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Istanbul Medipol University
Beykoz, Istanbul, 34815
About this study
Official title: Comparison of the Executive Functions of Elite Team-Sport and Individual-Sport Athletes
In the study, it was aimed to compare the executive functions of elite athletes who do team sports and individual sports with each other and with individuals who do not do sports.
Read the detailed description
In the study, it was aimed to compare the executive functions of elite athletes who do team sports and individual sports with each other and with individuals who do not do sports. 60 elite athletes participating in national and international competitions between the ages of 20-30, affiliated to the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Youth and Sports and federations, and 30 individuals who did not do sports for the control group were included in the study group. Of the elite athletes, 30 were included in the team sports group and 30 in the individual sports group. Executive functions Forward and Backward Digit Span Test, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test A and B form (TMT-A, TMT-B) and Tower of London (ToL) Test evaluated with.
- Conditions
- Cognitive Change
- Being tested
- Executive Function Assessment
- Keywords
- Elite Athletes, Executive Function, Cognition, Sports, Team Sports
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Executive Function AssessmentBehavioural
Also called Digit Span Test, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, London Tower Test
Digit Span (Forward and Backward) Test, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test A and B forms, Tower of London Test were used to evaluate executive functions.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Team Sports | 30 elite athletes between the ages of 20-30 who are interested in team sports Receives: Behavioral: Executive Function Assessment | |
| Individual Sports | 30 elite athletes between the ages of 20-30 who are interested in individual sports Receives: Behavioral: Executive Function Assessment | |
| Control Group | 30 healthy individuals between the ages of 20-30 who are not interested in sports Receives: Behavioral: Executive Function Assessment |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
London Tower Test
The Tower of London test is an executive function test that is particularly sensitive to planning and problem-solving skills. The Tower of London test consists of 2 tower boards and red, blue and green beads. The participant is asked to make the same shape on the tower board of the tester opposite him on his own tower board in the fewest moves. A low total score and a high correct total score indicate good planning and problem-solving abilities. The high score of total rule mistake indicates the negativities in the ability to acquire and control planning and problem-solving behavior under certain rules. The excess of the total time out indicates the difficulty in planning and problem-solving skills at a certain time. The shortness of the onset time indicates effective planning before the problem-solving response begins. The application time and the shortness of the total time indicate the speed of problem-solving.
Measured: day 1
Secondary outcomes (3)
Digit Span Test
The test consists of two parts forward and backward span. The participant is asked to repeat the numbers read in one second intervals in the forward span in the same order. It assesses attention, concentration and short-term memory. In the backward span, the numbers read at one-second intervals are requested to be repeated in reverse order from the end to the beginning. Working memory, which is a component of executive functions, is evaluated. The highest score that can be obtained for the forward span is 8 points, and 7 for the backward span, for a total of 15 points.
Measured: day 1
Stroop Test
The Stroop test evaluates inhibitory control, which is a component of executive functions. On the card we used as test material, the words blue, green, red, yellow are written and painted in a different color than the word. The person is first asked to read the colored words printed unrelated to the color. In the second step, the person is asked to say the color of the colored words written unrelated to the color on which they are printed. The time from the "start" command to the end, the number of errors and corrections are recorded. The time difference between the two stages constitutes the interference score. Error and correction numbers are calculated. The long duration of interference, errors and corrections indicate that the person's attention is easily distracted and cannot suppress inappropriate stimuli.
Measured: day 1
Trail Making Test
The Trail Making test consists of two parts, A and B. In part A, the participants are asked to combine the circles with numbers randomly scattered on the paper in the correct order and follow each other (1-2-3-4-5...). In section B, there are letters and numbers randomly placed in circles. Participants are asked to combine a letter and a number in the correct sequence (1-A-2-B-3-C-4-D...) consecutively. Time is kept for both sections. The duration is expected to be short. The A part of the TMT evaluates the processing speed based on visual scanning ability, and the B part evaluates the complex attention, planning, set changing, inhibition ability, and following the sequencing.
Measured: day 1
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Aug 2022
- Study start1 Jan 2022
- Primary completion1 May 2022
- Study completion1 Jun 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cognitive ChangeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 1 Day
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul Medipol University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, mehmet akif akinci, Istanbul Medipol University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05488600
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AkifAkinci
- Status last verified
- Sep 2022
- First submitted
- 13 Jul 2022
- Last updated
- 4 Oct 2022
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Publications
Meng FW, Yao ZF, Chang EC, Chen YL. Team sport expertise shows superior stimulus-driven visual attention and motor inhibition. PLoS One. 2019 May 15;14(5):e0217056. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217056. eCollection 2019.
PubMed 31091297De Waelle S, Laureys F, Lenoir M, Bennett SJ, Deconinck FJA. Children Involved in Team Sports Show Superior Executive Function Compared to Their Peers Involved in Self-Paced Sports. Children (Basel). 2021 Mar 30;8(4):264. doi: 10.3390/children8040264.
PubMed 33808250
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Oct 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Executive Functions of Elite Team-Sport and Individual-Sport Athletes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05488600
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AkifAkinci
- Conditions
- Cognitive Change
- Keywords
- Elite Athletes, Executive Function, Cognition, Sports, Team Sports
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul Medipol University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Aug 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In the study, it was aimed to compare the executive functions of elite athletes who do team sports and individual sports with each other and with individuals who do not do sports.
Detailed description
In the study, it was aimed to compare the executive functions of elite athletes who do team sports and individual sports with each other and with individuals who do not do sports. 60 elite athletes participating in national and international competitions between the ages of 20-30, affiliated to the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Youth and Sports and federations, and 30 individuals who did not do sports for the control group were included in the study group. Of the elite athletes, 30 were included in the team sports group and 30 in the individual sports group. Executive functions Forward and Backward Digit Span Test, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test A and B form (TMT-A, TMT-B) and Tower of London (ToL) Test evaluated with.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 1 Day
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Team Sports | – | Behavioral: Executive Function Assessment30 elite athletes between the ages of 20-30 who are interested in team sports |
| Individual Sports | – | Behavioral: Executive Function Assessment30 elite athletes between the ages of 20-30 who are interested in individual sports |
| Control Group | – | Behavioral: Executive Function Assessment30 healthy individuals between the ages of 20-30 who are not interested in sports |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Elite athletes participating in national and international competitions in Turkish Basketball Federation, Turkish Volleyball Federation and Turkish Football Federation clubs and Gaziantep Youth Sports Center
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Be between 20-30 years old
- Have been doing sports for at least 5 years
- Being an elite athlete
- Being actively involved in sports
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Having any psychological or neurological disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Executive Function AssessmentAlso: Digit Span Test, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, London Tower TestDigit Span (Forward and Backward) Test, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test A and B forms, Tower of London Test were used to evaluate executive functions. | Behavioural | Control Group, Individual Sports, Team Sports |
Primary outcome
London Tower Test
Time frame: day 1
The Tower of London test is an executive function test that is particularly sensitive to planning and problem-solving skills. The Tower of London test consists of 2 tower boards and red, blue and green beads. The participant is asked to make the same shape on the tower board of the tester opposite him on his own tower board in the fewest moves. A low total score and a high correct total score indicate good planning and problem-solving abilities. The high score of total rule mistake indicates the negativities in the ability to acquire and control planning and problem-solving behavior under certain rules. The excess of the total time out indicates the difficulty in planning and problem-solving skills at a certain time. The shortness of the onset time indicates effective planning before the problem-solving response begins. The application time and the shortness of the total time indicate the speed of problem-solving.
3 secondary outcomes
Digit Span Test
Time frame: day 1
Stroop Test
Time frame: day 1
Trail Making Test
Time frame: day 1
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Oct 2022.
- Background: PubMed 31091297Meng FW, Yao ZF, Chang EC, Chen YL. Team sport expertise shows superior stimulus-driven visual attention and motor inhibition. PLoS One. 2019 May 15;14(5):e0217056. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217056. eCollection 2019.
- Results publication: PubMed 33808250De Waelle S, Laureys F, Lenoir M, Bennett SJ, Deconinck FJA. Children Involved in Team Sports Show Superior Executive Function Compared to Their Peers Involved in Self-Paced Sports. Children (Basel). 2021 Mar 30;8(4):264. doi: 10.3390/children8040264.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
Related trials for Cognitive Change
Active, not recruiting
Improving Emotional Wellbeing of University Students: Anxiety Management
Anxiety
Recruiting
A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Adrenal Adapt on Sleep Quality, Daytime Energy, Stress Resilience, and Cognitive Performance.
Improves Daytime Energy Levels, Reduces Afternoon Energy Crashes and Midday Fatigue
RecruitingObservational study
Looking at Cognitive and Brain Changes in People With Lymphoma Receiving CAR-T Therapy
Lymphoma Receiving CAR-T Therapy
Recruiting
Milk Fat Globule Membrane-Enhanced RUTF for Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition
Severe Acute Malnutrition, Cognitive Impairment
Enrolling by invitation
Brain Heath Service for Prevention of AD
Alzheimer, Cognitive Unimpaired
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Cognitive Change, run by Istanbul Medipol University Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Oct 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
London Tower Test (time frame: day 1). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05488600, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Oct 2022.