InjectionsNCT05510492
Effect of Training on IM Injection Practices
A study testing EDUCATION and APPLIED EDUCATION in people with Injections, run by Nazike Duruk at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to observe how many nurses perform the steps of creating an air lock, identifying the ventrogluteal site, and applying the Z-track technique in intramuscular injections after theoretical and practical training. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 19 to 55 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Injections
- What is being tested?
- EDUCATION and APPLIED EDUCATION
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 95 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2019to 9 Sep 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 19 to 55 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Nurses working in inpatient services other than emergency, outpatient clinic, operating room and pediatrics of a Health Practice and Research Hospital
Who cannot join
- Nurses who do not agree to participate in the research and/or want to leave the research while it is continuing
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlik, Uygulama Ve Araştirma Hastanesi
Eskişehir, Eski̇şehi̇r, 26030
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Training on Intramuscular Injection Practice Given to Nurses on Determining the VG Site, Using the Air Lock and Z Technique: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The aim of this study is to observe how many nurses perform the steps of creating an air lock, identifying the ventrogluteal site, and applying the Z-track technique in intramuscular injections after theoretical and practical training.
Research Hypotheses
- The rate of administering intramuscular injections into the ventrogluteal site will be higher in the intervention group that receives low-fidelity simulator-based training compared to the control group.
- The rate of applying the air-lock technique will be higher in the intervention group that receives low-fidelity simulator-based intramuscular injection training compared to the control group.
- The rate of applying the Z-track technique will be higher in the intervention group that receives low-fidelity simulator-based intramuscular injection training compared to the control group.
Read the detailed description
This research was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study to observe the extent to which nurses perform the steps of creating an air lock, identifying the ventrogluteal site, and applying the Z-track technique in intramuscular injections after receiving theoretical and practical training.
- Conditions
- Injections
- Being tested
- EDUCATION, APPLIED EDUCATION
- Keywords
- ventrogluteal, intramuscular, injection, nursing
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
EDUCATIONOther
Also called THEORETICAL EDUCATION, PRACTICAL TRAINING
THE EXPERIMENT GROUP WAS GIVEN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED EDUCATION,
APPLIED EDUCATIONOther
Also called demonstration method
the injection was applied on the model by the researcher with the demonstration method according to the "Procedure Steps of Intramuscular Injection with the Z Technique from the Ventrogluteal Region". This process was first ensured by the nurses, and then
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| EXPERIMENTAL GROUP | Experimental | EXPERIMENTAL GROUP CONSISTS OF 47 NURSES. Receives: Other: EDUCATION; Other: APPLIED EDUCATION |
| CONTROL GROUP | Experimental | CONTROL GROUP CONSISTS OF 48 NURSES. Receives: Other: EDUCATION |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
In the study, the effectiveness of the skill training given to nurses was measured.
In the evaluation, the observation form of the intramuscular injection procedure steps with the Z technique from the Ventrogluteal region was used. After the trainings, the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale was used. The highest total score that can be obtained from the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale is 65 and the lowest is 13. The high score that can be obtained from the total of the scale indicates high satisfaction and self-confidence. Since the reliability coefficients of the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale and its sub-dimensions vary between 0.826 and 0.914, the scale was found to be reliable.
Measured: Since the research was in the pre-test post-test design and the post-test was applied at least two weeks later, the data were collected in a period of up to four months.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Aug 2022
- Study start1 Feb 2019
- Primary completion8 Sep 2022
- Study completion9 Sep 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for InjectionsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Evaluation of the skill training given to nurses on intramuscular injection with the z technique from the ventrogluteal region
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator
- Enrolment
- 95 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Nazike Duruk
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Nazike Duruk, Eskisehir Osmangazi University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05510492
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- EskisehirAG
- Status last verified
- Sep 2025
- First submitted
- 8 Aug 2022
- Last updated
- 11 Sep 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Sep 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Training on Intramuscular Injection Practice Given to Nurses on Determining the VG Site, Using the Air Lock and Z Technique: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05510492
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- EskisehirAG
- Conditions
- Injections
- Keywords
- ventrogluteal, intramuscular, injection, nursing
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 95 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Nazike DurukUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 8 Sep 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 9 Sep 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Aug 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to observe how many nurses perform the steps of creating an air lock, identifying the ventrogluteal site, and applying the Z-track technique in intramuscular injections after theoretical and practical training.
Research Hypotheses
- The rate of administering intramuscular injections into the ventrogluteal site will be higher in the intervention group that receives low-fidelity simulator-based training compared to the control group.
- The rate of applying the air-lock technique will be higher in the intervention group that receives low-fidelity simulator-based intramuscular injection training compared to the control group.
- The rate of applying the Z-track technique will be higher in the intervention group that receives low-fidelity simulator-based intramuscular injection training compared to the control group.
Detailed description
This research was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study to observe the extent to which nurses perform the steps of creating an air lock, identifying the ventrogluteal site, and applying the Z-track technique in intramuscular injections after receiving theoretical and practical training.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Evaluation of the skill training given to nurses on intramuscular injection with the z technique from the ventrogluteal region
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| EXPERIMENTAL GROUP | Experimental | Other: EDUCATION, Other: APPLIED EDUCATIONEXPERIMENTAL GROUP CONSISTS OF 47 NURSES. |
| CONTROL GROUP | Experimental | Other: EDUCATIONCONTROL GROUP CONSISTS OF 48 NURSES. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 19 to 55 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Nurses working in inpatient services other than emergency, outpatient clinic, operating room and pediatrics of a Health Practice and Research Hospital
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Nurses who do not agree to participate in the research and/or want to leave the research while it is continuing
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| EDUCATIONAlso: THEORETICAL EDUCATION, PRACTICAL TRAININGTHE EXPERIMENT GROUP WAS GIVEN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED EDUCATION, | Other | CONTROL GROUP, EXPERIMENTAL GROUP |
| APPLIED EDUCATIONAlso: demonstration methodthe injection was applied on the model by the researcher with the demonstration method according to the "Procedure Steps of Intramuscular Injection with the Z Technique from the Ventrogluteal Region". This process was first ensured by the nurses, and then | Other | EXPERIMENTAL GROUP |
Primary outcome
In the study, the effectiveness of the skill training given to nurses was measured.
Time frame: Since the research was in the pre-test post-test design and the post-test was applied at least two weeks later, the data were collected in a period of up to four months.
In the evaluation, the observation form of the intramuscular injection procedure steps with the Z technique from the Ventrogluteal region was used. After the trainings, the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale was used. The highest total score that can be obtained from the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale is 65 and the lowest is 13. The high score that can be obtained from the total of the scale indicates high satisfaction and self-confidence. Since the reliability coefficients of the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale and its sub-dimensions vary between 0.826 and 0.914, the scale was found to be reliable.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Sep 2025.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing EDUCATION and APPLIED EDUCATION in people with Injections, run by Nazike Duruk at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Sep 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
In the study, the effectiveness of the skill training given to nurses was measured. (time frame: Since the research was in the pre-test post-test design and the post-test was applied at least two weeks later, the data were collected in a period of up to four months.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Sep 2025.