Body WeightNCT05558488
The Effect of a Meatless,Keto Restrictive Diet on Body Composition,Strength Capacity,Oxidative Stress,Immune Response
A study testing Meatless, restrictive ketogenic diet in people with Body Weight and Oxidative Stress, run by Katarzyna Siedzik at 1 site in Poland.
Trial summary
The subject of doctoral dissertation: Assessment of the effects of a meatless, ketogenic restrictive diet on body composition, strength capacity, oxidative stress and immune response During planning of research and topic of the doctoral dissertation, it was considered how to modify a standard ketogenic diet rich in… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 32 to 59 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Body Weight, Oxidative Stress, Trimethylamine N-oxide
- What is being tested?
- Meatless, restrictive ketogenic diet
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 14 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePoland
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2019to 31 Oct 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 32 to 59 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- male or female
- healthy
- age 32 - 59
- non-smoker
- not abusing alcohol
- not subjected to physical exercise for at least 48 hours before the examination
Who cannot join
- cardiovascular,
- thyroid disease,
- gastrointestinal,
- respiratory
- or any other metabolic diseases adherence to special diets, use of nutritional supplements and use of medication to control blood lipids or glucose
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Poland1 site
Poznan University of Physical Education
Poznan, Greater Poland Voivodeship, 61-871
About this study
Official title: Effect of a Meatless,Ketogenic Restrictive Diet on Body Composition, Concentration of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO),Ketone Bodies and Glucose in Blood and Urine, Somatic Disorders, Strength Capacity, Oxidative Stress, Immune Response
The subject of doctoral dissertation: Assessment of the effects of a meatless, ketogenic restrictive diet on body composition, strength capacity, oxidative stress and immune response
During planning of research and topic of the doctoral dissertation, it was considered how to modify a standard ketogenic diet rich in saturated fatty acids so that the use of this model of nutrition has the most anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, it was decided to conduct a research to check whether a diet rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids will show such an effect when following a high-fat diet.
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Hypotheses:
- The ketogenic diet reduces systemic inflammation. 2.The ketogenic diet reduces oxidative stress. 3. The ketogenic diet reduces body fat. 4. A ketogenic diet does not worsen strength performance.
Read the detailed description
- main research assumption
Reports in the international literature regarding the importance of the ketogenic diet are ambiguous. Some researchers believe that its use reduces body fat and improves insulin sensitivity or lipid profile, while others question this view and question it. Many authors emphasized the need for further research in this area, and this outline of the research project responds to this postulate.
In the presented experiment, the duration of a single experiment was 14 days, because the individual adaptation period of each participant should be taken into account - the so-called "keto-adaptation".
In order to assess the effectiveness of the nutritional intervention in this experiment, the following were performed: blood sampling for the determination of basic parameters (lipid profile, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, diabetic panel, hormones), determination of glucose and ketone bodies (β ketones) in the blood using a strip test - Optium Xido Neo glucometer, determination of the concentration of ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid) and glucose in the urine using Keto-Diastix - a strip test, examination by means of tests - force (maximum isokinetic force test with the use of Biodex apparatus), determination of inflammatory markers (TNF alpha, pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and pro-or anti-inflammatory interleukins depending on the conditions), determination of oxidative stress markers - related to free radical damage to proteins (carbonyl groups, sulfhydryl groups (SH groups)), body composition measurement using the DEXA method (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry). Choosing this method instead of the very common bioimpedance, due to the fact that using densitometry, it obtained very precise results of adipose tissue.
The above-described procedures were used to check the molecular basis of the phenomenon under study, to determine the parameters in which significant changes are visible and to determine the extent to which they translate into the function of the muscle and the subjective feelings of the subject.
Research methodology:
- body composition (DEXA)- Isometric muscle strength (Biodex)
- blood tests (lipid profile, glucose, insulin, ketone bodies)
- inflammatory markers - Luminex method with the use of BioRad BioPlex 200 reader Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (Bio-Plex Pro ™ Human Cytokine 8-plex Assay M50000007A, BIO-RAD, USA) (including IFN-y, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-a, IL-2, IL-4)
- metabolic panel - Luminex method with the use of BioRad BioPlex 200 readerm (Bio-Plex Pro ™ Human Diabetes 10-Plex Assay # M171A7001M, BIO-RAD, USA) (including ghrelin, glucagon, insulin, leptin, resistin)
- markers of oxidative stress - Colorimetric method; Plate-based colorimetric measurement (360-385 nm) (concentration of protein carbonyl groups: Protein Carbonyl Colorimetric Assay Kit No. 100005020 (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA)
- markers of oxidative stress (concentration of protein thiol groups)
- TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide)
- Conditions
- Body Weight, Oxidative Stress, Trimethylamine N-oxide, Immunologic Factors, Glucose Metabolism Disorders, Insulin Resistance
- Being tested
- Meatless, restrictive ketogenic diet
- Keywords
- ketogenic diet, ketosis, oxidative stress, immune response, insulin resistance, body composition, strength capacity, omega 3 acids, meatless diet
- Medical subject headings
- Body Weight, Glucose Metabolism Disorders, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Ketosis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Meatless, restrictive ketogenic dietOther
Each participant received a nutritional plan that was the same qualitatively but differed quantitatively - a 500 kcal reduction based on Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) was assumed. Before the start of the study, each participant obtained information about the basic principles of the ketogenic diet. Diet was designed to be isoproteic (1.6gxKg-1xbody weight-1xday-1) with three meals a day. The distribution of macronutrients during the very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) was: protein 1.6 gxKg-1xbody weight-1xday-1(~25-30%), fats (~65-70%,with a strong emphasis on the content of omega 3 fatty acids) and carbohydrate (<30gxday-1;<10%).
The food lists encouraged the consumption of fish,raw and cooked vegetables, eggs,fruits with the lowest glycemic index (blueberry, raspberry), plant oils and fats from avocado,olives.Drinks permitted were tea, coffee without sugar and the foods and drinks to be avoided were alcohol,meat (any kind of meat),bread,pasta,rice,milk,dairy and potatoes.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Meatless restrictive ketogenic diet | Experimental | Diet was designed to be isoproteic (1.6 g x Kg- 1 x body weight- 1 x day-1) with three meals a day., restrictive (EER minus 500 kcal / day). The distribution of macronutrients during the very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) was: protein 1.6 g x Kg-1 x body weight- 1 x day-1 (~ 25-30%), fats (~ 65-70%, with a strong emphasis on the content of omega 3 fatty acids) and carbohydrate (< 30 g x day- 1; < 10%). Receives: Other: Meatless, restrictive ketogenic diet |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Body composition
Whole body and regional body composition were measured in the morning after a 12 hours overnight fast by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) Body Composition: Body Fat Mass, Fat Free Mass, and Visceral Body Fat
Body Fat Mass [Kg] max 40.143 Kg min 11.129 Kg (higher scores mean a worse outcome)
Fat Free Mass [Kg] max 68.527 Kg min 37.72 Kg (higher scores mean a better outcome)
Visceral Body Fat [g] max 2139 g min 90 g (higher scores mean a worse outcome)
Measured: 2 weeks
Body weight
Body weight was measured with an accuracy of 0.1 Kg using an electronic scale (Tanita BC-601, Japan)
Body weight (higher scores mean a worse outcome) [Kg] max 95.7 Kg min 60.9 Kg
Measured: 2 weeks
TMAO
Trimethylamine N-Oxide (measured by Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw Poland)
TMAO [ng/ml] (higher scores mean a worse outcome)
Measured: 2 weeks
Lipids level (TC, HDL, LDL, TG)
Level of lipids - (TC- Total Cholesterol, LDL- low-density lipoprotein, HDL- high-density lipoprotein, TG - triacylglycerol)
TC [mg/dl] (higher scores mean a worse outcome) LDL [mg/dl] (higher scores mean a worse outcome) TG [mg/dl] (higher scores mean a worse outcome) HDL [mg/dl] (higher scores mean a better outcome)
Measured: 2 weeks
glucose level (blood, urine)
glucose level (blood, urine) - measured by Ketodiastix and Optimum Xido Neo
higher scores mean a worse outcome
Measured: 2 weeks
ketone bodies (blood, urine)
ketone bodies (blood, urine) - measured by Ketodiastix and Optimum Xido Neo
higher scores mean a better outcome
Measured: 2 weeks
inflammatory markers
inflammatory markers (including IFN-y, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-a, IL-2, IL-4) - Luminex method with the use of BioRad BioPlex 200 reader Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (Bio-Plex Pro ™ Human Cytokine 8-plex Assay M50000007A, BIO-RAD, USA)
depends - higher scores mean a better or worse outcome
Measured: 2 weeks
markers of oxidative stress 1
markers of oxidative stress - concentration of protein carbonyl groups - Colorimetric method; Plate-based colorimetric measurement (360-385 nm) (concentration of protein carbonyl groups: Protein Carbonyl Colorimetric Assay Kit No. 100005020 (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA)
higher scores mean a worse outcome
Measured: 2 weeks
markers of oxidative stress 2
markers of oxidative stress - concentration of protein thiol group
higher scores mean a worse outcome
Measured: 2 weeks
metabolic panel - diabetes
metabolic panel - diabetes (including ghrelin, glucagon, insulin, leptin, resistin) - Luminex method with the use of BioRad BioPlex 200 readerm (Bio-Plex Pro ™ Human Diabetes 10-Plex Assay # M171A7001M, BIO-RAD, USA)
depends - higher scores mean a better or worse outcome
Measured: 2 weeks
somatic disorders
Somatic disorders measured by questionnaire based on Likert's scale
Likert's scale:
- - Strongly disagree
- - Disagree
- - Neither agree nor disagree
- - Agree
- - Strongly agree
It depends on question - higher scores mean a better or worse outcome
Measured: 2 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Sep 2022
- Study start1 Oct 2019
- Primary completion30 Jun 2021
- Study completion31 Oct 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Body WeightStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- Each participant received a nutritional plan that was the same qualitatively but differed quantitatively. It was calculated for each individual based on the Mifflin-St Jeor Equation (Basal Metabolic Rate). After that, the levels of physical activity (PAL) were used to assess physical activity patterns and energy expenditure of individuals for placement into one of four PAL categories: sedentary, low active, active, or very active. That helped to calculate EER and made an individual reduction (minus 500 kcal / day). Before the start of the study, each participant obtained information about the basic principles of the ketogenic diet. Diet was designed to be isoproteic (1.6 g x Kg- 1 x body weight- 1 x day-1) with three meals a day. The distribution of macronutrients during the ketogenic diet (KD) was: protein 1.6 g x Kg-1 x body weight- 1 x day-1 (\~ 25-30%), fats (\~ 65-70%, with a strong emphasis on the content of omega 3 fatty acids) and carbohydrate (\< 30 g x day- 1; \< 10%).
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 14 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Katarzyna Siedzik
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Katarzyna Siedzik, Poznan University of Physical Education
- Investigators
- Katarzyna Siedzik, MSc, Principal investigator, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05558488
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KETOPROJEKT2019*2023
- Status last verified
- Sep 2022
- First submitted
- 23 Sep 2022
- Last updated
- 24 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Phinney SD. Ketogenic diets and physical performance. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2004 Aug 17;1(1):2. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-1-2.
PubMed 15507148Paoli A, Grimaldi K, Toniolo L, Canato M, Bianco A, Fratter A. Nutrition and acne: therapeutic potential of ketogenic diets. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2012;25(3):111-7. doi: 10.1159/000336404. Epub 2012 Feb 11.
PubMed 22327146Paoli A, Rubini A, Volek JS, Grimaldi KA. Beyond weight loss: a review of the therapeutic uses of very-low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Aug;67(8):789-96. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.116. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
PubMed 23801097Paoli A, Bosco G, Camporesi EM, Mangar D. Ketosis, ketogenic diet and food intake control: a complex relationship. Front Psychol. 2015 Feb 2;6:27. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00027. eCollection 2015.
PubMed 25698989Dashti HM, Mathew TC, Hussein T, Asfar SK, Behbahani A, Khoursheed MA, Al-Sayer HM, Bo-Abbas YY, Al-Zaid NS. Long-term effects of a ketogenic diet in obese patients. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2004 Fall;9(3):200-5.
PubMed 19641727Veech RL. The therapeutic implications of ketone bodies: the effects of ketone bodies in pathological conditions: ketosis, ketogenic diet, redox states, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial metabolism. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2004 Mar;70(3):309-19. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2003.09.007.
PubMed 14769489Balasse EO, Fery F. Ketone body production and disposal: effects of fasting, diabetes, and exercise. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1989 May;5(3):247-70. doi: 10.1002/dmr.5610050304.
PubMed 2656155