Hematocrit Evolution in Severe Burns

Burn-induced shock is described as being superimposed on sterile shock. The inflammatory reaction secondary to tissue destruction leads to the release of multiple inflammatory mediators into the bloodstream, resulting in the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This is responsible for an increase in capillary permeability affecting healthy and burnt tissue and explains the formation of a large third sector.

The initial resuscitation of this state of shock differs from other management of shocked patients by the importance of its hypovolaemic side. Indeed, this is based on the evaluation of the filling needs through the Parkland formula defining the volume of hydration over twenty-four hours that should be administered. This guided and stereotyped haemodynamic resuscitation could lead to a state of fluid creep if it is not correctly monitored. Indeed, the importance of crystalloid solutions would lead to numerous complications such as pneumopathy or respiratory distress, cardiac failure or abdominal compartment syndrome. It is therefore necessary to adjust the fluid intake for the first twenty-four hours. This adjustment is made by means of various parameters including blood pressure and hourly diuresis. For some, the use of TEE, thermodilution or pulmonary artery catheterisation would allow more personalised and appropriate management.

Haematocrit is a criterion used historically to help adjust hydration in burn patients. Animal studies have shown it to be a good reflection of haemoconcentration caused by a burn. Haematocrit and haemoglobin levels change significantly downwards after a one litre saline filling in humans. The haematocrit has been shown to be a reliable reflection of hydration status in children and adults and can be used to assess the volume to be administered to correct dehydration states. Another criterion for monitoring haemodynamic resuscitation by haematocrit seems to be the availability of many biological tests in the initial phase of management of patients in shock. The measurement of haematocrit due to its characteristics and accessibility suggests that it could be a good marker for monitoring haemodynamic resuscitation in burn patients. The evolution of this parameter in relation to the conduct of volume resuscitation is assessed during the first twenty-four hours in severely burned patients.

A retrospective, monocentric study is conducted at the Metz Burn Centre (France). Various parameters were recorded: sex, age, weight (and its variations during the first 48 hours), height, TBSA, presence of cardiovascular comorbidities, IGS II, Baux Score, ABSI, BOBI, UBS score, origin of the burn, percentage of third degree, presence of inhalation, filling before admission and then hydration during the first 24 hours, the evolution of haematocrit, haemoglobin and albumin over the first 48 hours, hourly diuresis over the first 48 hours as well as the presence of mechanical ventilation (PAFI and its variations during the first 48 hours) or extra renal purification.