ErgogenicsNCT05657093
Effect of the Beetroot Juice in Portuguese Swimmers
A study testing Beetroot Juice in people with Ergogenics, run by Universidad Francisco de Vitoria at 1 site in Spain.
Trial summary
Objective: To investigate whether an acute intake of beet juice (BJ) improved the factors of total and split times (performance), stroke frequency and CMJ (biomechanics), lactate and HR (physiology) and RPE-TQR (psychophysiological) in a repeated (performance), stroke frequency and CMJ (biomechanics), lactate and HR… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Ergogenics
- What is being tested?
- Beetroot Juice
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 18 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSpain
- Study dates
- 30 Apr 2022to 7 May 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- - national and international level swimmers
- - healthy swimmers
- - no breakfast
- - 48 hours with restricted diet of: other sports supplements and beetroot-rich foods
Who cannot join
- -be on medication
- - having had breakfast
- - have brushed your teeth
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: "Effects of Beetroot Juice os Sport Performane in Elite Swimmers. A Randomized Clinical Trial"
Objective: To investigate whether an acute intake of beet juice (BJ) improved the factors of total and split times (performance), stroke frequency and CMJ (biomechanics), lactate and HR (physiology) and RPE-TQR (psychophysiological) in a repeated (performance), stroke frequency and CMJ (biomechanics), lactate and HR (physiology) and RPE-TQR (psychophysiological) in a repeated maximal speed swimming effort in elite swimmers.
Methods: A total of 18 elite swimmers participated in this randomized, double-blind study. In 2 different trials, swimmers ingested a Beet-It injection (70 ml placebo (PL) or a Beet-It injection of 70 ml beet juice (BJ)) 3 hours before undergoing a 2x6x100 m intermittent maximal speed crawl performance test.
- Conditions
- Ergogenics
- Being tested
- Beetroot Juice, Placebo
- Keywords
- swimming, beet, swim, nitrate, intermittent sports, ergogenic aids
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Beetroot JuiceDietary supplement
The swimmers drank 3 hours before the test, mL70 of BJ (containing mmol6.4 of NO-3) (Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) or PLA (0.04 mmol of NO-3)
PlaceboCombination product
The swimmers drank 3 hours before the test, mL70 of BJ (containing mmol6.4 of NO-3) (Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) or PLA (0.04 mmol of NO-3)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Beetroot juice | Active comparator | The swimmers ingested a shot of Beet-It 70 ml beetroot juice (BJ)) 3 hours before undergoing a 2x6x100m crawl intermittent maximal speed performance test. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Beetroot Juice; Combination Product: Placebo |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | The swimmers ingested a shot of Beet-It (70 ml placebo (PL)) 3 hours before undergoing a 2x6x100m crawl intermittent maximal speed performance test. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Beetroot Juice; Combination Product: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Lactate concentration
After qeach even series of 100m (2nd, 4th, 6th and 3' rest), their finger was wiped dry and their blood lactate concentration was measured with a Lactate Pro2 portable analyzer 1 minute after completing each 100m series.
Measured: 3 hours post-dose of Beetroot juice or Placebo
Rate of Perceived Exertion
During every 100m, they were asked how much effort they had exerted using the subjective RPE scale as in other studies with BJ and swimming.
Measured: 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice
Recovery Total Quality Scale
Before the swimmers performed the next 100m, they were asked how recovered they felt, using another subjective TQR scale.
Measured: 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice
Total Time
The complete 2x6x100 main test was recorded with a JVC model GY-HM150E video camera placed on the stand of the facility itself at about 10 m from the start/turn wall (approximately 5 m above and 10 m from the swim lane) to record the entire session. The recording of the session made it possible to calculate the total times, with the program KINOVEA 0.9.5.
Measured: 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice
Parcial Time
The complete 2x6x100 main test was recorded with a JVC model GY-HM150E video camera placed on the stand of the facility itself at about 10 m from the start/turn wall (approximately 5 m above and 10 m from the swim lane) to record the entire session. The recording of the session made it possible to calculate the split times, with the KINOVEA 0.9.5 program.
Measured: 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice
Counter Movement Jump
Swimmers completed three repetitions of CMJ with hands on waist using an infrared jumping system (Optojump Next, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy)
Measured: 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice
Secondary outcomes (1)
Stroke rate
The complete 2x6x100 main test was recorded with a JVC model GY-HM150E video camera placed on the stand of the facility itself at about 10 m from the start/turn wall (approximately 5 m above and 10 m from the swim lane) to record the entire session. The recording of the session made it possible to calculate the stroke rate, with the KINOVEA 0.9.5 program.
Measured: from the day of randomization to the last day of the intervention: up to day 7
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Dec 2022
- Study start30 Apr 2022
- Primary completion7 May 2022
- Study completion7 May 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ErgogenicsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Parallel allocation was carried out in the two groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 18 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05657093
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 79/2022
- Status last verified
- Nov 2022
- First submitted
- 1 Dec 2022
- Last updated
- 20 Dec 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Moreno B, Veiga S, Sanchez-Oliver AJ, Dominguez R, Morencos E. Analysis of Sport Supplement Consumption by Competitive Swimmers According to Sex and Competitive Level. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 6;14(15):3218. doi: 10.3390/nu14153218.
PubMed 35956394Senefeld JW, Wiggins CC, Regimbal RJ, Dominelli PB, Baker SE, Joyner MJ. Ergogenic Effect of Nitrate Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020 Oct;52(10):2250-2261. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002363.
PubMed 32936597Zamani H, de Joode MEJR, Hossein IJ, Henckens NFT, Guggeis MA, Berends JE, de Kok TMCM, van Breda SGJ. The benefits and risks of beetroot juice consumption: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(5):788-804. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1746629. Epub 2020 Apr 15.
PubMed 32292042Berjisian E, McGawley K, Saunders B, Dominguez R, Koozehchian MS, de Oliveira CVC, Rafiei R, Miraftabi H, Sarshin A, Naderi A. Acute effects of beetroot juice and caffeine co-ingestion during a team-sport-specific intermittent exercise test in semi-professional soccer players: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022 Mar 29;14(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00441-1.
PubMed 35351196Jonvik KL, Hoogervorst D, Peelen HB, de Niet M, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC, van Dijk JW. The impact of beetroot juice supplementation on muscular endurance, maximal strength and countermovement jump performance. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Jun;21(6):871-878. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1788649. Epub 2020 Jul 21.
PubMed 32594854Morais JE, Silva AJ, Garrido ND, Marinho DA, Barbosa TM. The transfer of strength and power into the stroke biomechanics of young swimmers over a 34-week period. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018 Jul;18(6):787-795. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1453869. Epub 2018 Mar 24.
PubMed 29577827Esen O, Dominguez R, Karayigit R. Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Enhances Intermittent Running Performance but Does Not Reduce Oxygen Cost of Exercise among Recreational Adults. Nutrients. 2022 Jul 11;14(14):2839. doi: 10.3390/nu14142839.
PubMed 35889796
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Dec 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- "Effects of Beetroot Juice os Sport Performane in Elite Swimmers. A Randomized Clinical Trial"
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05657093
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 79/2022
- Conditions
- Ergogenics
- Keywords
- swimming, beet, swim, nitrate, intermittent sports, ergogenic aids
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 18 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Universidad Francisco de VitoriaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança
- Study start
- 30 Apr 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 7 May 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 7 May 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Objective: To investigate whether an acute intake of beet juice (BJ) improved the factors of total and split times (performance), stroke frequency and CMJ (biomechanics), lactate and HR (physiology) and RPE-TQR (psychophysiological) in a repeated (performance), stroke frequency and CMJ (biomechanics), lactate and HR (physiology) and RPE-TQR (psychophysiological) in a repeated maximal speed swimming effort in elite swimmers.
Methods: A total of 18 elite swimmers participated in this randomized, double-blind study. In 2 different trials, swimmers ingested a Beet-It injection (70 ml placebo (PL) or a Beet-It injection of 70 ml beet juice (BJ)) 3 hours before undergoing a 2x6x100 m intermittent maximal speed crawl performance test.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Parallel allocation was carried out in the two groups
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Beetroot juice | Active comparator | Dietary Supplement: Beetroot Juice, Combination Product: PlaceboThe swimmers ingested a shot of Beet-It 70 ml beetroot juice (BJ)) 3 hours before undergoing a 2x6x100m crawl intermittent maximal speed performance test. |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Dietary Supplement: Beetroot Juice, Combination Product: PlaceboThe swimmers ingested a shot of Beet-It (70 ml placebo (PL)) 3 hours before undergoing a 2x6x100m crawl intermittent maximal speed performance test. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- - national and international level swimmers
- - healthy swimmers
- - no breakfast
- - 48 hours with restricted diet of: other sports supplements and beetroot-rich foods
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- -be on medication
- - having had breakfast
- - have brushed your teeth
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Beetroot JuiceThe swimmers drank 3 hours before the test, mL70 of BJ (containing mmol6.4 of NO-3) (Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) or PLA (0.04 mmol of NO-3) | Dietary supplement | Beetroot juice, Placebo |
| PlaceboThe swimmers drank 3 hours before the test, mL70 of BJ (containing mmol6.4 of NO-3) (Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) or PLA (0.04 mmol of NO-3) | Combination product | Beetroot juice, Placebo |
Primary outcome
Lactate concentration
Time frame: 3 hours post-dose of Beetroot juice or Placebo
After qeach even series of 100m (2nd, 4th, 6th and 3' rest), their finger was wiped dry and their blood lactate concentration was measured with a Lactate Pro2 portable analyzer 1 minute after completing each 100m series.
Rate of Perceived Exertion
Time frame: 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice
During every 100m, they were asked how much effort they had exerted using the subjective RPE scale as in other studies with BJ and swimming.
Recovery Total Quality Scale
Time frame: 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice
Before the swimmers performed the next 100m, they were asked how recovered they felt, using another subjective TQR scale.
Total Time
Time frame: 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice
The complete 2x6x100 main test was recorded with a JVC model GY-HM150E video camera placed on the stand of the facility itself at about 10 m from the start/turn wall (approximately 5 m above and 10 m from the swim lane) to record the entire session. The recording of the session made it possible to calculate the total times, with the program KINOVEA 0.9.5.
Parcial Time
Time frame: 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice
The complete 2x6x100 main test was recorded with a JVC model GY-HM150E video camera placed on the stand of the facility itself at about 10 m from the start/turn wall (approximately 5 m above and 10 m from the swim lane) to record the entire session. The recording of the session made it possible to calculate the split times, with the KINOVEA 0.9.5 program.
Counter Movement Jump
Time frame: 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice
Swimmers completed three repetitions of CMJ with hands on waist using an infrared jumping system (Optojump Next, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy)
1 secondary outcome
Stroke rate
Time frame: from the day of randomization to the last day of the intervention: up to day 7
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Dec 2022.
- Results publication: PubMed 35956394Moreno B, Veiga S, Sanchez-Oliver AJ, Dominguez R, Morencos E. Analysis of Sport Supplement Consumption by Competitive Swimmers According to Sex and Competitive Level. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 6;14(15):3218. doi: 10.3390/nu14153218.
- Results publication: PubMed 32936597Senefeld JW, Wiggins CC, Regimbal RJ, Dominelli PB, Baker SE, Joyner MJ. Ergogenic Effect of Nitrate Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020 Oct;52(10):2250-2261. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002363.
- Results publication: PubMed 32292042Zamani H, de Joode MEJR, Hossein IJ, Henckens NFT, Guggeis MA, Berends JE, de Kok TMCM, van Breda SGJ. The benefits and risks of beetroot juice consumption: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(5):788-804. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1746629. Epub 2020 Apr 15.
- Results publication: PubMed 35351196Berjisian E, McGawley K, Saunders B, Dominguez R, Koozehchian MS, de Oliveira CVC, Rafiei R, Miraftabi H, Sarshin A, Naderi A. Acute effects of beetroot juice and caffeine co-ingestion during a team-sport-specific intermittent exercise test in semi-professional soccer players: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022 Mar 29;14(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00441-1.
- Results publication: PubMed 32594854Jonvik KL, Hoogervorst D, Peelen HB, de Niet M, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC, van Dijk JW. The impact of beetroot juice supplementation on muscular endurance, maximal strength and countermovement jump performance. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Jun;21(6):871-878. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1788649. Epub 2020 Jul 21.
- Results publication: PubMed 29577827Morais JE, Silva AJ, Garrido ND, Marinho DA, Barbosa TM. The transfer of strength and power into the stroke biomechanics of young swimmers over a 34-week period. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018 Jul;18(6):787-795. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1453869. Epub 2018 Mar 24.
- Results publication: PubMed 35889796Esen O, Dominguez R, Karayigit R. Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Enhances Intermittent Running Performance but Does Not Reduce Oxygen Cost of Exercise among Recreational Adults. Nutrients. 2022 Jul 11;14(14):2839. doi: 10.3390/nu14142839.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Beetroot Juice in people with Ergogenics, run by Universidad Francisco de Vitoria at 1 site in Spain.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Dec 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Lactate concentration (time frame: 3 hours post-dose of Beetroot juice or Placebo). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05657093, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Dec 2022.