Fat MetabolismNCT07402902

Caffeine Strategies and Fat Oxidation

A study testing Caffeine (Guinama Anhydrous Powder), Caffeine (Nescafé Classic Coffee) and Caffeine (Kafewake Gum) in people with Fat Metabolism and Caffeine, run by Universidad Rey Juan Carlos at 1 site in Spain.

Enrolling by invitation

Enrolling by invitation. The study team selects and invites participants, usually from an existing group of patients.

Sites and contacts

Official record

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Trial summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if different forms of caffeine ingestion can influence fat oxidation during submaximal cycling exercise. The study will recruit healthy adults, both men and women, aged 18 to 50, who regularly perform aerobic exercise. Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 18 to 50 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for: Fat Metabolism, Caffeine, Cycling
What is being tested?: Caffeine (Guinama Anhydrous Powder), Caffeine (Nescafé Classic Coffee) and Caffeine (Kafewake Gum)
Type of treatment: Pill or oral medicine
Could I receive a placebo?: Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people: 10 participants
Where: 1 siteSpain
Study dates: 15 Mar 2026to 30 Sep 2026
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 18 to 50 years
All sexes
Healthy volunteers accepted
Adult

Who may be able to join

Healthy men and women aged 18-50 years
Regular aerobic exercise at least 1 hour per day, 2 days per week
Provide written informed consent

Who cannot join

Smoking
Use of medication or ergogenic supplements during the study period
Caffeine intolerance or allergy
Cardiopulmonary or musculoskeletal disorders
Use of oral contraceptives in female participants

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Spain1 site

Estadio Raúl González Blanco, Camino del Molino 5
Fuenlabrada, Madrid, 28942

Other trials in Spain

About this study

Official title: Effects of Different Caffeine Ingestion Forms on Fat Oxidation During Cycle Ergometer Exercise

Does caffeine increase fat oxidation during one hour of cycling at the Fatmax intensity?
Do different forms of caffeine ingestion (capsule, coffee, chewing gum, or mouth rinse) differ in their effect on fat oxidation?
Do these caffeine forms alter total energy expenditure, cardiorespiratory response, or perceived exertion during exercise?
Are there differences in the occurrence or severity of side effects between caffeine administration methods?

Researchers will compare each caffeine form to its corresponding placebo to determine their effects on fat oxidation and other physiological outcomes.

Participants will:

Attend a pre-experimental session to determine their Fatmax intensity and VO₂max using an incremental cycling test
Perform eight experimental sessions, each consisting of one hour of cycling at Fatmax intensity
Receive caffeine or placebo via capsules, coffee, chewing gum, or mouth rinse according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover design
Be monitored for fat and carbohydrate oxidation, total energy expenditure, heart rate, and perceived exertion during exercise
Report any side effects immediately after the session and 24 hours later using a structured questionnaire

All sessions will be conducted under controlled laboratory conditions with standardized protocols to ensure safety and reliable measurements.

Conditions: Fat Metabolism, Caffeine, Cycling, Exercise, Ergogenics
Being tested: Caffeine (Guinama Anhydrous Powder), Caffeine (Nescafé Classic Coffee), Caffeine (Kafewake Gum), Caffeine Mouth Rinse Solution, Placebo (Cellulose Capsule)
Medical subject headings: Motor Activity

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Caffeine (Guinama Anhydrous Powder)Drug
3 mg/kg of anhydrous caffeine powder (Guinama, Spain) administered in an opaque capsule 60 min before exercise.
Caffeine (Nescafé Classic Coffee)Dietary supplement
3 mg/kg of caffeine via Nescafé Classic (Nestlé, Switzerland) dissolved in 250 mL of water 60 min before exercise.
Caffeine (Kafewake Gum)Dietary supplement
3 mg/kg of caffeine via Kafewake gum (Arafarma group, Spain), chewed for 10 min before exercise.
Caffeine Mouth Rinse SolutionOther
3 mg/kg of caffeine (Nescafé Classic) dissolved in 25 mL of water for a 20-second rinse before exercise.
Placebo (Cellulose Capsule)Other
Opaque capsule containing cellulose powder, matching caffeine capsules, taken 60 min before exercise.
Placebo (Decaffeinated Coffee)Other
Decaffeinated Nescafé (Nestlé, Switzerland) in 250 mL of water, matching caffeinated coffee, taken 60 min before.
Placebo (Non-caffeine Gum)Other
Kafewake Non-caffeinated gum (Arafarma group, Spain) with identical taste and texture, chewed for 10 min before.
Placebo Mouth Rinse SolutionOther
Decaffeinated Nescafé in 25 mL of water for a 20-second rinse immediately before exercise.

Study groups in NCT07402902
Study group	Role	What they receive
Caffeine capsule	Experimental	Participants will ingest 3 mg/kg of anhydrous caffeine powder in an opaque capsule 60 minutes before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity. Receives: Drug: Caffeine (Guinama Anhydrous Powder)
Placebo capsule	Placebo comparator	Participants will ingest an opaque capsule filled with cellulose (placebo) 60 minutes before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity. Receives: Other: Placebo (Cellulose Capsule)
Caffeine coffee	Experimental	Participants will consume 3 mg/kg of caffeine via soluble coffee (Nescafé Classic) in 250 mL of hot water 60 minutes before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Caffeine (Nescafé Classic Coffee)
Placebo coffee	Placebo comparator	Participants will consume decaffeinated soluble coffee (Nescafé Descafeinado) in 250 mL of hot water 60 minutes before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity. Receives: Other: Placebo (Decaffeinated Coffee)
Caffeine chewing gum	Experimental	Participants will chew caffeinated gum (Kafewake) containing 3 mg/kg of caffeine for 10 minutes before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Caffeine (Kafewake Gum)
Placebo chewing gum	Placebo comparator	Participants will chew non-caffeinated gum (Kafewake) with identical flavor and texture for 10 minutes before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity. Receives: Other: Placebo (Non-caffeine Gum)
Caffeine mouth rinse	Experimental	Participants will perform a 20-second mouth rinse with 25 mL of water containing 3 mg/kg of caffeine from soluble coffee (Nescafé Classic) before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity. Receives: Other: Caffeine Mouth Rinse Solution
Placebo mouth rinse	Placebo comparator	Participants will perform a 20-second mouth rinse with 25 mL of water containing decaffeinated soluble coffee (Nescafé descafeinado) before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity. Receives: Other: Placebo Mouth Rinse Solution

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Rate of fat oxidation during submaximal cycling exercise at Fatmax intensity
Continuous measurement of fat oxidation using indirect calorimetry during 1-hour cycling at Fatmax intensity. Calculated from respiratory gas exchange (VO₂ and VCO₂) using Frayn's equations. Unit of Measure: grams per minute (g/min).
Measured: 1 hour per experimental session

Secondary outcomes (8)

Rate of carbohydrate oxidation during submaximal cycling exercise at Fatmax intensity
Continuous measurement of carbohydrate oxidation using indirect calorimetry during 1-hour cycling at Fatmax intensity. Calculated from respiratory gas exchange (VO₂ and VCO₂) using Frayn's equations. Unit of Measure: grams per minute (g/min).
Measured: 1 hour per experimental session
Total energy expenditure during exercise
Estimated from indirect calorimetry data using Brouwer's equation, recorded continuously during 1-hour cycling at Fatmax intensity. Unit of Measure: kilocalories per minute (kcal/min).
Measured: 1 hour per experimental session
Mean Exercise Heart Rate
Heart rate monitored continuously via a chest strap (Polar H9, Polar Electro, Findland) during the exercise test. Unit of Measure: beats per minute (bpm).
Measured: 1 hour per experimental session
Oxygen consumption
Volume of oxygen consumed during the exercise session measured breath-by-breath via indirect calorimetry using the Ergostik gas analyzer (Geratherm Respiratory GmbH, Germany). Unit of Measure: Liters per minute (L/min).
Measured: 1 hour per experimental session
Carbon Dioxide Production
Volume of carbon dioxide produced during the exercise session measured breath-by-breath via indirect calorimetry using the Ergostik gas analyzer (Geratherm Respiratory GmbH, Germany). Unit of Measure: Liters per minute (L/min).
Measured: 1 hour per experimental session
Blood lactate concentration
Measured from capillary blood samples taken from the fingertip during exercise to assess metabolic response to different caffeine interventions. Unit of measure: Millimoles per liter (mmol/L).
Measured: Every 20 minutes during each 1-hour session
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) during exercise
Assessed using Borg's 6-20 scale; participants report perceived exertion at regular intervals. Unit of Measure: Units on a scale (from 6 to 20).
Measured: Every 10 minutes during each 1-hour session
Occurrence of caffeine-related side effects
Structured questionnaire assessing symptoms commonly associated with caffeine intake, such as nervousness, tremors, insomnia, gastrointestinal discomfort, and increased heart rate.
Measured: Immediately after each session and 24 hours post-exercise

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

15 Mar 202630 Sep 2026

First posted11 Feb 2026
Study start15 Mar 2026
Primary completion31 Jul 2026 (estimated)
Study completion30 Sep 2026 (estimated)

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for Fat MetabolismStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Basic science
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Crossover
Model description: Participants will undergo all experimental conditions (caffeine via capsule, coffee, chewing gum, and mouth rinse, and their corresponding placebos) in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced crossover design.
Masking: Double blind
Who is masked: Participant, Investigator
Enrolment: 10 participants (estimated)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT07402902
Sponsor's protocol ID: URJC-CAF-FOX-2026
Status last verified: Feb 2026
First submitted: 13 Jan 2026
Last updated: 29 Apr 2026
Results posted: No
Data monitoring committee: No
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: Yes: De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in publications may be made available upon reasonable request. These data may include anonymized metabolic, ventilatory, cardiovascular and perceptual variables collected during the study (e.g., fat oxidation rate, energy expenditure, VO₂, VCO₂, heart rate, capillary blood lactate concentration, and ratings of perceived exertion). Any data sharing will be subject to ethical approval, compliance with applicable data protection regulations, and approval by the study investigators.

Publications

Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Jenkins NDM, Arent SM, Antonio J, Stout JR, Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Goldstein ER, Kalman DS, Campbell BI. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Jan 2;18(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4.
PubMed 33388079
Ruiz-Moreno C, Gutierrez-Hellin J, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Gonzalez-Garcia J, Giraldez-Costas V, Perez-Garcia V, Del Coso J. Caffeine increases whole-body fat oxidation during 1 h of cycling at Fatmax. Eur J Nutr. 2021 Jun;60(4):2077-2085. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02393-z. Epub 2020 Oct 6.
PubMed 33025051

Interested in taking part?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

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Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Effects of Different Caffeine Ingestion Forms on Fat Oxidation During Cycle Ergometer Exercise
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT07402902
Acronym / sponsor ID: URJC-CAF-FOX-2026
Conditions: Fat Metabolism, Caffeine, Cycling, Exercise, Ergogenics
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Enrolling by invitation
Enrolment: 10 participants (estimated)
Lead sponsor: Universidad Rey Juan CarlosUniversity, hospital or other
Study start: 15 Mar 2026 (actual)
Primary completion: 31 Jul 2026 (estimated)
Study completion: 30 Sep 2026 (estimated)
First posted: 11 Feb 2026 (actual)
Results: Not posted in the source record

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Does caffeine increase fat oxidation during one hour of cycling at the Fatmax intensity?
Do different forms of caffeine ingestion (capsule, coffee, chewing gum, or mouth rinse) differ in their effect on fat oxidation?
Do these caffeine forms alter total energy expenditure, cardiorespiratory response, or perceived exertion during exercise?
Are there differences in the occurrence or severity of side effects between caffeine administration methods?

Researchers will compare each caffeine form to its corresponding placebo to determine their effects on fat oxidation and other physiological outcomes.

Participants will:

Attend a pre-experimental session to determine their Fatmax intensity and VO₂max using an incremental cycling test
Perform eight experimental sessions, each consisting of one hour of cycling at Fatmax intensity
Receive caffeine or placebo via capsules, coffee, chewing gum, or mouth rinse according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover design
Be monitored for fat and carbohydrate oxidation, total energy expenditure, heart rate, and perceived exertion during exercise
Report any side effects immediately after the session and 24 hours later using a structured questionnaire

All sessions will be conducted under controlled laboratory conditions with standardized protocols to ensure safety and reliable measurements.

Study design

Primary purpose: Basic science
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Crossover
Masking: Double blind (participant, investigator)
Number of arms: 8
Model description: Participants will undergo all experimental conditions (caffeine via capsule, coffee, chewing gum, and mouth rinse, and their corresponding placebos) in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced crossover design.

Arm	Type	Receives
Caffeine capsule	Experimental	Drug: Caffeine (Guinama Anhydrous Powder)Participants will ingest 3 mg/kg of anhydrous caffeine powder in an opaque capsule 60 minutes before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity.
Placebo capsule	Placebo comparator	Other: Placebo (Cellulose Capsule)Participants will ingest an opaque capsule filled with cellulose (placebo) 60 minutes before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity.
Caffeine coffee	Experimental	Dietary Supplement: Caffeine (Nescafé Classic Coffee)Participants will consume 3 mg/kg of caffeine via soluble coffee (Nescafé Classic) in 250 mL of hot water 60 minutes before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity.
Placebo coffee	Placebo comparator	Other: Placebo (Decaffeinated Coffee)Participants will consume decaffeinated soluble coffee (Nescafé Descafeinado) in 250 mL of hot water 60 minutes before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity.
Caffeine chewing gum	Experimental	Dietary Supplement: Caffeine (Kafewake Gum)Participants will chew caffeinated gum (Kafewake) containing 3 mg/kg of caffeine for 10 minutes before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity.
Placebo chewing gum	Placebo comparator	Other: Placebo (Non-caffeine Gum)Participants will chew non-caffeinated gum (Kafewake) with identical flavor and texture for 10 minutes before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity.
Caffeine mouth rinse	Experimental	Other: Caffeine Mouth Rinse SolutionParticipants will perform a 20-second mouth rinse with 25 mL of water containing 3 mg/kg of caffeine from soluble coffee (Nescafé Classic) before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity.
Placebo mouth rinse	Placebo comparator	Other: Placebo Mouth Rinse SolutionParticipants will perform a 20-second mouth rinse with 25 mL of water containing decaffeinated soluble coffee (Nescafé descafeinado) before performing 60 minutes of cycling on a cycle ergometer at Fatmax intensity.

Who may qualify

Ages: 18 to 50 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Accepted
Age groups: Adult

Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)

Healthy men and women aged 18-50 years
Regular aerobic exercise at least 1 hour per day, 2 days per week
Provide written informed consent

Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)

Smoking
Use of medication or ergogenic supplements during the study period
Caffeine intolerance or allergy
Cardiopulmonary or musculoskeletal disorders
Use of oral contraceptives in female participants

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Caffeine (Guinama Anhydrous Powder)3 mg/kg of anhydrous caffeine powder (Guinama, Spain) administered in an opaque capsule 60 min before exercise.	Drug	Caffeine capsule
Caffeine (Nescafé Classic Coffee)3 mg/kg of caffeine via Nescafé Classic (Nestlé, Switzerland) dissolved in 250 mL of water 60 min before exercise.	Dietary supplement	Caffeine coffee
Caffeine (Kafewake Gum)3 mg/kg of caffeine via Kafewake gum (Arafarma group, Spain), chewed for 10 min before exercise.	Dietary supplement	Caffeine chewing gum
Caffeine Mouth Rinse Solution3 mg/kg of caffeine (Nescafé Classic) dissolved in 25 mL of water for a 20-second rinse before exercise.	Other	Caffeine mouth rinse
Placebo (Cellulose Capsule)Opaque capsule containing cellulose powder, matching caffeine capsules, taken 60 min before exercise.	Other	Placebo capsule
Placebo (Decaffeinated Coffee)Decaffeinated Nescafé (Nestlé, Switzerland) in 250 mL of water, matching caffeinated coffee, taken 60 min before.	Other	Placebo coffee
Placebo (Non-caffeine Gum)Kafewake Non-caffeinated gum (Arafarma group, Spain) with identical taste and texture, chewed for 10 min before.	Other	Placebo chewing gum
Placebo Mouth Rinse SolutionDecaffeinated Nescafé in 25 mL of water for a 20-second rinse immediately before exercise.	Other	Placebo mouth rinse

Primary outcome

Rate of fat oxidation during submaximal cycling exercise at Fatmax intensity
Time frame: 1 hour per experimental session
Continuous measurement of fat oxidation using indirect calorimetry during 1-hour cycling at Fatmax intensity. Calculated from respiratory gas exchange (VO₂ and VCO₂) using Frayn's equations. Unit of Measure: grams per minute (g/min).

8 secondary outcomes

Rate of carbohydrate oxidation during submaximal cycling exercise at Fatmax intensity
Time frame: 1 hour per experimental session
Total energy expenditure during exercise
Time frame: 1 hour per experimental session
Mean Exercise Heart Rate
Time frame: 1 hour per experimental session
Oxygen consumption
Time frame: 1 hour per experimental session
Carbon Dioxide Production
Time frame: 1 hour per experimental session
Blood lactate concentration
Time frame: Every 20 minutes during each 1-hour session
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) during exercise
Time frame: Every 10 minutes during each 1-hour session
Occurrence of caffeine-related side effects
Time frame: Immediately after each session and 24 hours post-exercise

Results and safety

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Apr 2026.
Results publication: PubMed 33388079Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Jenkins NDM, Arent SM, Antonio J, Stout JR, Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Goldstein ER, Kalman DS, Campbell BI. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Jan 2;18(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4.
Results publication: PubMed 33025051Ruiz-Moreno C, Gutierrez-Hellin J, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Gonzalez-Garcia J, Giraldez-Costas V, Perez-Garcia V, Del Coso J. Caffeine increases whole-body fat oxidation during 1 h of cycling at Fatmax. Eur J Nutr. 2021 Jun;60(4):2077-2085. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02393-z. Epub 2020 Oct 6.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in publications may be made available upon reasonable request. These data may include anonymized metabolic, ventilatory, cardiovascular and perceptual variables collected during the study (e.g., fat oxidation rate, energy expenditure, VO₂, VCO₂, heart rate, capillary blood lactate concentration, and ratings of perceived exertion). Any data sharing will be subject to ethical approval, compliance with applicable data protection regulations, and approval by the study investigators.

Related trials for Fat Metabolism

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.

Juan Del Coso, PhD principal investigator

Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

Arturo Casado, PhD principal investigator

Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Rate of fat oxidation during submaximal cycling exercise at Fatmax intensity (time frame: 1 hour per experimental session). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07402902, which also lists 2 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Apr 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 30 Oct 2026.